普通广播与本地广播

我们平常使用的一般都是全局广播，使用方法就不多说了，下面介绍下本地广播的使用方法

注册

    private MyBroadcastReceiver receiver;
    private IntentFilter filter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        receiver = new MyBroadcastReceiver();
        filter = new IntentFilter("action");
        LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).unregisterReceiver(receiver);
    }

    class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

        }
    }

发送

LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).sendBroadcast(new Intent("action"));

可以看到和普通广播的差别就在使用的是LocalBroadcastManager来进行广播的注册发送等，本地广播有以下的好处
1：发送的广播只会在自己App内传播，不会泄露给其他App，确保隐私数据不会泄露
2：其他App也无法向你的App发送该广播，不用担心其他App会来搞破坏
3：比系统全局广播更加高效

下面来分析下为什么本地广播只会在自己的App内传播，首先看他的获取

LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this)

public static LocalBroadcastManager getInstance(Context context) {
        synchronized (mLock) {
            if (mInstance == null) {
                mInstance = new LocalBroadcastManager(context.getApplicationContext());
            }
            return mInstance;
        }
    }

看方法名字也可以看出来，LocalBroadcastManager是一个单例类，而传递进来的参数context是用来获取Application的Context，并把Application的Context作为构造参数生成LocalBroadcastManager对象，所以LocalBroadcastManager对象并不会持有任何的Activity或是Service对象，避免了内存泄露
接着看注册方法registerReceiver

public void registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter) {
        synchronized (mReceivers) {
            ReceiverRecord entry = new ReceiverRecord(filter, receiver);
            ArrayList<IntentFilter> filters = mReceivers.get(receiver);
            if (filters == null) {
                filters = new ArrayList<IntentFilter>(1);
                mReceivers.put(receiver, filters);
            }
            filters.add(filter);
            for (int i=0; i<filter.countActions(); i++) {
                String action = filter.getAction(i);
                ArrayList<ReceiverRecord> entries = mActions.get(action);
                if (entries == null) {
                    entries = new ArrayList<ReceiverRecord>(1);
                    mActions.put(action, entries);
                }
                entries.add(entry);
            }
        }
    }

private final HashMap<String, ArrayList<ReceiverRecord>> mActions
            = new HashMap<String, ArrayList<ReceiverRecord>>();

用receiver和filter构建了一个新类ReceiverRecord，而mActions则是用来存储相关信息的，key是广播的每一个Action，而Value则是新生成的ReceiverRecord对象，也就是说如果你的广播想要接收多个Action的话，在mActions中则会有多个键值对与之对应，key不同，而Value则是同一个对象

广播注销过程

public void unregisterReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver) {
        synchronized (mReceivers) {
            ArrayList<IntentFilter> filters = mReceivers.remove(receiver);
            if (filters == null) {
                return;
            }
            for (int i=0; i<filters.size(); i++) {
                IntentFilter filter = filters.get(i);
                for (int j=0; j<filter.countActions(); j++) {
                    String action = filter.getAction(j);
                    ArrayList<ReceiverRecord> receivers = mActions.get(action);
                    if (receivers != null) {
                        for (int k=0; k<receivers.size(); k++) {
                            if (receivers.get(k).receiver == receiver) {
                                receivers.remove(k);
                                k--;
                            }
                        }
                        if (receivers.size() <= 0) {
                            mActions.remove(action);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

通过在mActions去遍历该广播的每一个Action，如果是同一个广播接收者，则将其remove掉

接下来的广播发送过程应该很明显了

public boolean sendBroadcast(Intent intent) {
        synchronized (mReceivers) {
            final String action = intent.getAction();
            final String type = intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(
                    mAppContext.getContentResolver());
            final Uri data = intent.getData();
            final String scheme = intent.getScheme();
            final Set<String> categories = intent.getCategories();

            ......
            ArrayList<ReceiverRecord> entries = mActions.get(intent.getAction());
            if (entries != null) {
                if (debug) Log.v(TAG, "Action list: " + entries);

                ArrayList<ReceiverRecord> receivers = null;
                for (int i=0; i<entries.size(); i++) {
                    ReceiverRecord receiver = entries.get(i);
                    if (debug) Log.v(TAG, "Matching against filter " + receiver.filter);

                    int match = receiver.filter.match(action, type, scheme, data,
                            categories, "LocalBroadcastManager");
                    if (match >= 0) {

                        if (receivers == null) {
                            receivers = new ArrayList<ReceiverRecord>();
                        }
                        receivers.add(receiver);
                        receiver.broadcasting = true;
                    } ......
                }

                if (receivers != null) {
                    for (int i=0; i<receivers.size(); i++) {
                        receivers.get(i).broadcasting = false;
                    }
                    mPendingBroadcasts.add(new BroadcastRecord(intent, receivers));
                    if (!mHandler.hasMessages(MSG_EXEC_PENDING_BROADCASTS)) {
                        mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MSG_EXEC_PENDING_BROADCASTS);
                    }
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

通过Action去获取相应的广播接收者，之后将其添加到mPendingBroadcasts中，然后通过Handler发送消息至主线程中处理

mHandler = new Handler(context.getMainLooper()) {

            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                switch (msg.what) {
                    case MSG_EXEC_PENDING_BROADCASTS:
                        executePendingBroadcasts();
                        break;
                    default:
                        super.handleMessage(msg);
                }
            }
        };

private void executePendingBroadcasts() {
        while (true) {
            BroadcastRecord[] brs = null;
            synchronized (mReceivers) {
                final int N = mPendingBroadcasts.size();
                if (N <= 0) {
                    return;
                }
                brs = new BroadcastRecord[N];
                mPendingBroadcasts.toArray(brs);
                mPendingBroadcasts.clear();
            }
            for (int i=0; i<brs.length; i++) {
                BroadcastRecord br = brs[i];
                for (int j=0; j<br.receivers.size(); j++) {
                    br.receivers.get(j).receiver.onReceive(mAppContext, br.intent);
                }
            }
        }
    }

最后就是调用每个receiver的onReceive方法

可以看到全部流程都是在App本身内完成的，完全不需要有framework层的参与，下面看下普通广播的发送流程

sendBroadcast(new Intent("action"));

实现是在Activity的父类ContextWrapper中

public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) {
        mBase.sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

其中mBase为ContextImp类，看看ContextImp类中的sendBroadcast方法

@Override
    public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) {
        warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
        String resolvedType = intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver());
        try {
            intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(this);
            ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().broadcastIntent(
                    mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), intent, resolvedType, null,
                    Activity.RESULT_OK, null, null, null, AppOpsManager.OP_NONE, null, false, false,
                    getUserId());
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
        }
    }

ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()获取的是AMS在本地的一个代理类，通过它进行与AMS的交互，也就是最终本地的sendBroadcast会调到framework层AMS的broadcastIntent方法，之后AMS会去查询希望响应该Intent的广播，最后发送至各个应用的广播接收者中