本文以 2440-ohci 驱动为例,简单分析 USB 主机控制器驱动 根 Hub 的注册过程,以及 USB设备的枚举过程,并不涉及USB协议,单纯分析驱动框架流程。无论是hub还是普通的usb设备,它们注册到 usb_bus_type 都会经历两次 Match ,因为第一次注册进来时,是将整个设备作为一个 device 注册,然后在通用的 devices 驱动程序 usb_generic_driver 的 generic_probe 函数中,将该设备的所有接口进行设置并将这些接口注册到 usb_bus_type 。如果是Hub设备的接口,则会调用 hub_probe,如果是其他设备则调用 xx_probe 函数。如果是 Hub 的话,usb主机会监测hub端口变化,如果有变化会分配一个usb_devices 注册到 usb_bus_type 重复前边的步骤。
首先,整个驱动框架的开始,是基于 platform 平台总线的。
- struct platform_device s3c_device_usb = {
- .name = "s3c2410-ohci",
- .id = -1,
- .num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_usb_resource),
- .resource = s3c_usb_resource,
- .dev = {
- .dma_mask = &s3c_device_usb_dmamask,
- .coherent_dma_mask = 0xffffffffUL
- }
- };
- static struct platform_driver ohci_hcd_s3c2410_driver = {
- .probe = ohci_hcd_s3c2410_drv_probe,
- .remove = ohci_hcd_s3c2410_drv_remove,
- .shutdown = usb_hcd_platform_shutdown,
- /*.suspend = ohci_hcd_s3c2410_drv_suspend, */
- /*.resume = ohci_hcd_s3c2410_drv_resume, */
- .driver = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .name = "s3c2410-ohci",
- },
- };
- static struct resource s3c_usb_resource[] = {
- [0] = {
- .start = S3C_PA_USBHOST,
- .end = S3C_PA_USBHOST + 0x100 - 1,
- .flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
- },
- [1] = {
- .start = IRQ_USBH,
- .end = IRQ_USBH,
- .flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
- }
- };
- int usb_simtec_init(void)
- {
- s3c_device_usb.dev.platform_data = &usb_simtec_info;
- }
- static struct s3c2410_hcd_info usb_simtec_info = {
- .port[0] = {
- .flags = S3C_HCDFLG_USED
- },
- .port[1] = {
- .flags = S3C_HCDFLG_USED
- },
- .power_control = usb_simtec_powercontrol,
- .enable_oc = usb_simtec_enableoc,
- };
- static int ohci_hcd_s3c2410_drv_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
- {
- return usb_hcd_s3c2410_probe(&ohci_s3c2410_hc_driver, pdev);
- }
- static int usb_hcd_s3c2410_probe (const struct hc_driver *driver,
- struct platform_device *dev)
- {
- struct usb_hcd *hcd = NULL;
- int retval;
- /* 设置GPG4输出1 mini2440 jz2440好像均不需要 */
- s3c2410_usb_set_power(dev->dev.platform_data, 1, 1);
- s3c2410_usb_set_power(dev->dev.platform_data, 2, 1);
- /* 创建usb_hcd 绑定 usb_driver等 */
- hcd = usb_create_hcd(driver, &dev->dev, "s3c24xx");
- /* 主机控制寄存器 起始地址 结束地址 */
- hcd->rsrc_start = dev->resource[0].start;
- hcd->rsrc_len = dev->resource[0].end - dev->resource[0].start + 1;
- /* 申请IO空间 */
- if (!request_mem_region(hcd->rsrc_start, hcd->rsrc_len, hcd_name)) {
- ...
- }
- /* 获得usb-host 时钟 */
- clk = clk_get(&dev->dev, "usb-host");
- /* 获得 usb-bus-host 时钟 */
- usb_clk = clk_get(&dev->dev, "usb-bus-host");
- /* 使能时钟 使能过流检查 */
- s3c2410_start_hc(dev, hcd);
- /* Ioremap */
- hcd->regs = ioremap(hcd->rsrc_start, hcd->rsrc_len);
- ohci_hcd_init(hcd_to_ohci(hcd));
- retval = usb_add_hcd(hcd, dev->resource[1].start, IRQF_DISABLED);
- return 0;
- }
- struct usb_hcd {
- /*
- * housekeeping
- */
- struct usb_bus self; /* hcd is-a bus */
- struct kref kref; /* reference counter */
- const char *product_desc; /* product/vendor string */
- char irq_descr[24]; /* driver + bus # */
- struct timer_list rh_timer; /* drives root-hub polling */
- struct urb *status_urb; /* the current status urb */
- #ifdef CONFIG_PM
- struct work_struct wakeup_work; /* for remote wakeup */
- #endif
- /*
- * hardware info/state
- */
- const struct hc_driver *driver; /* hw-specific hooks */
- /* Flags that need to be manipulated atomically */
- unsigned long flags;
- #define HCD_FLAG_HW_ACCESSIBLE 0x00000001
- #define HCD_FLAG_SAW_IRQ 0x00000002
- unsigned rh_registered:1;/* is root hub registered? */
- /* The next flag is a stopgap, to be removed when all the HCDs
- * support the new root-hub polling mechanism. */
- unsigned uses_new_polling:1;
- unsigned poll_rh:1; /* poll for rh status? */
- unsigned poll_pending:1; /* status has changed? */
- unsigned wireless:1; /* Wireless USB HCD */
- unsigned authorized_default:1;
- unsigned has_tt:1; /* Integrated TT in root hub */
- int irq; /* irq allocated */
- void __iomem *regs; /* device memory/io */
- u64 rsrc_start; /* memory/io resource start */
- u64 rsrc_len; /* memory/io resource length */
- unsigned power_budget; /* in mA, 0 = no limit */
- #define HCD_BUFFER_POOLS 4
- struct dma_pool *pool [HCD_BUFFER_POOLS];
- int state;
- # define __ACTIVE 0x01
- # define __SUSPEND 0x04
- # define __TRANSIENT 0x80
- # define HC_STATE_HALT 0
- # define HC_STATE_RUNNING (__ACTIVE)
- # define HC_STATE_QUIESCING (__SUSPEND|__TRANSIENT|__ACTIVE)
- # define HC_STATE_RESUMING (__SUSPEND|__TRANSIENT)
- # define HC_STATE_SUSPENDED (__SUSPEND)
- #define HC_IS_RUNNING(state) ((state) & __ACTIVE)
- #define HC_IS_SUSPENDED(state) ((state) & __SUSPEND)
- /* more shared queuing code would be good; it should support
- * smarter scheduling, handle transaction translators, etc;
- * input size of periodic table to an interrupt scheduler.
- * (ohci 32, uhci 1024, ehci 256/512/1024).
- */
- /* The HC driver's private data is stored at the end of
- * this structure.
- */
- unsigned long hcd_priv[0]
- __attribute__ ((aligned(sizeof(unsigned long))));
- };
- struct usb_bus {
- struct device *controller; /* host/master side hardware */
- int busnum; /* Bus number (in order of reg) */
- const char *bus_name; /* stable id (PCI slot_name etc) */
- u8 uses_dma; /* Does the host controller use DMA? */
- u8 otg_port; /* 0, or number of OTG/HNP port */
- unsigned is_b_host:1; /* true during some HNP roleswitches */
- unsigned b_hnp_enable:1; /* OTG: did A-Host enable HNP? */
- int devnum_next; /* Next open device number in
- * round-robin allocation */
- struct usb_devmap devmap; /* device address allocation map */
- struct usb_device *root_hub; /* Root hub */
- struct list_head bus_list; /* list of busses */
- int bandwidth_allocated; /* on this bus: how much of the time
- * reserved for periodic (intr/iso)
- * requests is used, on average?
- * Units: microseconds/frame.
- * Limits: Full/low speed reserve 90%,
- * while high speed reserves 80%.
- */
- int bandwidth_int_reqs; /* number of Interrupt requests */
- int bandwidth_isoc_reqs; /* number of Isoc. requests */
- #ifdef CONFIG_USB_DEVICEFS
- struct dentry *usbfs_dentry; /* usbfs dentry entry for the bus */
- #endif
- #if defined(CONFIG_USB_MON) || defined(CONFIG_USB_MON_MODULE)
- struct mon_bus *mon_bus; /* non-null when associated */
- int monitored; /* non-zero when monitored */
- #endif
- };
hcd的分配过程
- struct usb_hcd *usb_create_hcd (const struct hc_driver *driver,
- struct device *dev, const char *bus_name)
- {
- struct usb_hcd *hcd;
- /* 分配一个 usb_hcd + driver->hcd_priv_size 空间 */
- hcd = kzalloc(sizeof(*hcd) + driver->hcd_priv_size, GFP_KERNEL);
- /* dev->p->driver_data = hcd; */
- dev_set_drvdata(dev, hcd);
- kref_init(&hcd->kref);
- /* 初始化 usb_bus ,一个主机控制器对应一个 usb_bus */
- usb_bus_init(&hcd->self);
- /* 设置 usb_bus */
- hcd->self.controller = dev;
- hcd->self.bus_name = bus_name;
- hcd->self.uses_dma = (dev->dma_mask != NULL);
- /* 初始化 根Hub poll定时器 */
- init_timer(&hcd->rh_timer);
- hcd->rh_timer.function = rh_timer_func;
- hcd->rh_timer.data = (unsigned long) hcd;
- #ifdef CONFIG_PM
- INIT_WORK(&hcd->wakeup_work, hcd_resume_work);
- #endif
- /* 绑定 hc_driver */
- hcd->driver = driver;
- hcd->product_desc = (driver->product_desc) ? driver->product_desc :
- "USB Host Controller";
- return hcd;
- }
- static void usb_bus_init (struct usb_bus *bus)
- {
- memset (&bus->devmap, 0, sizeof(struct usb_devmap));
- bus->devnum_next = 1;
- bus->root_hub = NULL;
- bus->busnum = -1;
- bus->bandwidth_allocated = 0;
- bus->bandwidth_int_reqs = 0;
- bus->bandwidth_isoc_reqs = 0;
- INIT_LIST_HEAD (&bus->bus_list);
- }
整个Probe函数里干了那些事:
1、创建一个 usb_hcd
2、usb_bus_init ,初始化 usb_hcd 对应的 usb_bus ,bus->devmap 清零,根 Hub 指向 NULL等
3、设置 usb_hcd.usb_bus
3.1 hcd.usb_bus.controller = s3c_device_usb.dev (最开始创建的平台device)
3.2 hcd.usb_bus.name = “s3c24xx”
4、设置 usb_hcd.rh_timer
5、设置 usb_hcd.driver = ohci_s3c2410_hc_driver
6、根据 resource 资源,设置usb_hcd.rsrc_start、usb_hcd.rsrc_len
7、使能时钟
8、ioremap 、申请 io 空间
9、usb_add_hcd(hcd, dev->resource[1].start, IRQF_DISABLED)
- int usb_add_hcd(struct usb_hcd *hcd,
- unsigned int irqnum, unsigned long irqflags)
- {
- int retval;
- struct usb_device *rhdev;
- /* 无线USB? */
- hcd->authorized_default = hcd->wireless? 0 : 1;
- set_bit(HCD_FLAG_HW_ACCESSIBLE, &hcd->flags);
- /* hcd->pool[i] = dma_pool_create(name, hcd->self.controller,size, size, 0); */
- if ((retval = hcd_buffer_create(hcd)) != 0) {
- ...
- }
- /*
- * busnum = find_next_zero_bit (busmap.busmap, USB_MAXBUS, 1);
- * bus->busnum = busnum;
- * list_add (&bus->bus_list, &usb_bus_list);
- */
- if ((retval = usb_register_bus(&hcd->self)) < 0)
- goto err_register_bus;
- /* 根 Hub */
- if ((rhdev = usb_alloc_dev(NULL, &hcd->self, 0)) == NULL) {
- ...
- }
- rhdev->speed = USB_SPEED_FULL;
- hcd->self.root_hub = rhdev;
- /* dev->power.can_wakeup = dev->power.should_wakeup = 1 */
- device_init_wakeup(&rhdev->dev, 1);
- if (hcd->driver->irq) {
- snprintf(hcd->irq_descr, sizeof(hcd->irq_descr), "%s:usb%d",
- hcd->driver->description, hcd->self.busnum);
- if ((retval = request_irq(irqnum, &usb_hcd_irq, irqflags,
- hcd->irq_descr, hcd)) != 0) {
- ...
- }
- hcd->irq = irqnum;
- }
- hcd->driver->start(hcd));
- /* starting here, usbcore will pay attention to this root hub */
- rhdev->bus_mA = min(500u, hcd->power_budget);
- if ((retval = register_root_hub(hcd)) != 0)
- goto err_register_root_hub;
- retval = sysfs_create_group(&rhdev->dev.kobj, &usb_bus_attr_group);
- if (hcd->uses_new_polling && hcd->poll_rh)
- usb_hcd_poll_rh_status(hcd);
- return retval;
- }
usb_hcd_add 干了哪些事:
1、hcd_buffer_create(hcd)
2、usb_register_bus(&hcd->self) ,将 usb_hcd.usb_bus 注册到全局链表 usb_bus_list
3、为根 hub 分配一个 usb_device 结构(内核中,所有的真实的usb设备(Hub,鼠标...)都用usb_device结构来描述)
4、注册根 Hub 的 usb_device 结构到 usb_bus_type
弄了半天,神神秘秘的USB主机控制器也只不过是分配了一个 usb_hcd 结构体,为它的 根hub 分配了一个usb_device 结构体,注册到 usb_bus_type 罢了,后边是 根Hub 的注册和设备枚举过程了。
- struct usb_device *usb_alloc_dev(struct usb_device *parent,
- struct usb_bus *bus, unsigned port1)
- {
- struct usb_device *dev;
- struct usb_hcd *usb_hcd = container_of(bus, struct usb_hcd, self);
- unsigned root_hub = 0;
- /* 分配一个 usb_device */
- dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
- device_initialize(&dev->dev);
- /* usb_bus_type */
- dev->dev.bus = &usb_bus_type;
- /* 属性文件 */
- dev->dev.type = &usb_device_type;
- dev->dev.groups = usb_device_groups;
- dev->dev.dma_mask = bus->controller->dma_mask;
- set_dev_node(&dev->dev, dev_to_node(bus->controller));
- dev->state = USB_STATE_ATTACHED;
- atomic_set(&dev->urbnum, 0);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->ep0.urb_list);
- dev->ep0.desc.bLength = USB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE;
- dev->ep0.desc.bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT;
- /* ep0 maxpacket comes later, from device descriptor */
- usb_enable_endpoint(dev, &dev->ep0, false);
- dev->can_submit = 1;
- /* 如果是根Hub */
- if (unlikely(!parent)) {
- ...
- } else {
- ...
- }
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>...
- }
- return dev;
- }
1、dev->dev.bus = &usb_bus_type 这里出现了一条“总线模型”中的总线,注意和 usb_bus 完全没关系。相当于hub 、鼠标等 usb 设备是注册到 usb_bus_type 的,前面我们说的控制器的驱动是注册到 platform_bus_type 的。
2、dev->dev.type = &usb_device_type ;后边Match函数中会用到
3、dev->state = USB_STATE_ATTACHED; 根Hub是和控制器连在一起的,必然已经连接上了
ATTACHED :表示设备已经连接到 hub 接口上了。
Powered :表示加电状态
Default :表示默认状态,在powered状态之后,设备必须受到一个复位信号并成功复位后,才能使用默认地址回应主机发过来的设备描述符的请求。
Address :表示主机分配了一个唯一的地址给设备。
Configured :表示设备已经被主机配置过了,此时,主机可以使用设备提供的所有功能。
Supended :表示挂起状态,设备在指定的时间内没有传输,就要进入挂起状态。
4、dev->ep0.desc.bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT ,我们说一个 usb 设备有多个配置,每个配置又有多个接口,每个接口有多个 端点。但是端点 0 比较特殊,它是整个 usb 设备共享的,因此它的表述符直接在 usb_device中。
5、dev->bus = bus ,根 Hub 连接到 控制器总线。
- static int register_root_hub(struct usb_hcd *hcd)
- {
- struct device *parent_dev = hcd->self.controller;
- struct usb_device *usb_dev = hcd->self.root_hub;
- const int devnum = 1;
- int retval;
- /* 设备地址 */
- usb_dev->devnum = devnum;
- usb_dev->bus->devnum_next = devnum + 1;
- memset (&usb_dev->bus->devmap.devicemap, 0,
- sizeof usb_dev->bus->devmap.devicemap);
- set_bit (devnum, usb_dev->bus->devmap.devicemap);
- usb_set_device_state(usb_dev, USB_STATE_ADDRESS);
- mutex_lock(&usb_bus_list_lock);
- usb_dev->ep0.desc.wMaxPacketSize = cpu_to_le16(64);
- /* 获得设备描述符 */
- retval = usb_get_device_descriptor(usb_dev, USB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE);
- /* 进一步设置,然后 add_device */
- retval = usb_new_device (usb_dev);
- return retval;
- }
2、usb_set_device_state(usb_dev, USB_STATE_ADDRESS); 变更状态
3、usb_get_device_descriptor(usb_dev, USB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE); 获得设备描述符,保存在usb_dev.descriptor 中。
4、usb_new_device 进一步设置(获得配置、端点描述符等),将 usb_device 注册到 usb_bus_type 。
- int usb_get_device_descriptor(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int size)
- {
- struct usb_device_descriptor *desc;
- int ret;
- if (size > sizeof(*desc))
- return -EINVAL;
- desc = kmalloc(sizeof(*desc), GFP_NOIO);
- if (!desc)
- return -ENOMEM;
- ret = usb_get_descriptor(dev, USB_DT_DEVICE, 0, desc, size);
- if (ret >= 0)
- memcpy(&dev->descriptor, desc, size);
- kfree(desc);
- return ret;
- }
- int usb_get_descriptor(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned char type,
- unsigned char index, void *buf, int size)
- {
- int i;
- int result;
- memset(buf, 0, size); /* Make sure we parse really received data */
- for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
- /* retry on length 0 or error; some devices are flakey */
- result = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0),
- USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR, USB_DIR_IN,
- (type << 8) + index, 0, buf, size,
- USB_CTRL_GET_TIMEOUT);
- if (result <= 0 && result != -ETIMEDOUT)
- continue;
- if (result > 1 && ((u8 *)buf)[1] != type) {
- result = -ENODATA;
- continue;
- }
- break;
- }
- return result;
- }
- int usb_new_device(struct usb_device *udev)
- {
- int err;
- /* Increment the parent's count of unsuspended children */
- if (udev->parent)
- usb_autoresume_device(udev->parent);
- usb_detect_quirks(udev); /* Determine quirks */
- err = usb_configure_device(udev); /* detect & probe dev/intfs */
- /* export the usbdev device-node for libusb */
- udev->dev.devt = MKDEV(USB_DEVICE_MAJOR,
- (((udev->bus->busnum-1) * 128) + (udev->devnum-1)));
- /* Tell the world! */
- announce_device(udev);
- /* Register the device. The device driver is responsible
- * for configuring the device and invoking the add-device
- * notifier chain (used by usbfs and possibly others).
- */
- err = device_add(&udev->dev);
- (void) usb_create_ep_devs(&udev->dev, &udev->ep0, udev);
- return err;
- }
- static int usb_configure_device(struct usb_device *udev)
- {
- usb_get_configuration(udev);
- }
- int usb_get_configuration(struct usb_device *dev)
- {
- struct device *ddev = &dev->dev;
- int ncfg = dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations;
- int result = 0;
- unsigned int cfgno, length;
- unsigned char *buffer;
- unsigned char *bigbuffer;
- struct usb_config_descriptor *desc;
- cfgno = 0;
- if (ncfg > USB_MAXCONFIG) {
- dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations = ncfg = USB_MAXCONFIG;
- }
- length = ncfg * sizeof(struct usb_host_config);
- dev->config = kzalloc(length, GFP_KERNEL);
- length = ncfg * sizeof(char *);
- dev->rawdescriptors = kzalloc(length, GFP_KERNEL);
- buffer = kmalloc(USB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
- desc = (struct usb_config_descriptor *)buffer;
- result = 0;
- for (; cfgno < ncfg; cfgno++) {
- /* We grab just the first descriptor so we know how long the whole configuration is */
- result = usb_get_descriptor(dev, USB_DT_CONFIG, cfgno, buffer, USB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE);
- length = max((int) le16_to_cpu(desc->wTotalLength), USB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE);
- /* Now that we know the length, get the whole thing */
- bigbuffer = kmalloc(length, GFP_KERNEL);
- result = usb_get_descriptor(dev, USB_DT_CONFIG, cfgno, bigbuffer, length);
- dev->rawdescriptors[cfgno] = bigbuffer;
- /* 解析配置描述符 */
- result = usb_parse_configuration(&dev->dev, cfgno, &dev->config[cfgno], bigbuffer, length);
- }
- result = 0;
- return result;
- }
也就是说,在将 usb_device 注册到 usb_bus_type 时,它所有的描述符信息都已经获取到了。
整个控制器驱动一路走下来,最后 注册了一个根 Hub 的 usb_device 到 usb_bus_type 。有必要看一下usb_bus_type ,它的 match 函数,将注册进来的 device 和 接口分开处理。第一次注册的我们说是 device ,那么看看对应的 driver 是啥。
- struct bus_type usb_bus_type = {
- .name = "usb",
- .match = usb_device_match,
- .uevent = usb_uevent,
- };
- static int usb_device_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
- {
- /* return dev->type == &usb_device_type; */
- if (is_usb_device(dev)) {
- /* return container_of(drv, struct usbdrv_wrap, driver)->for_devices; */
- if (!is_usb_device_driver(drv))
- return 0;
- /* TODO: Add real matching code */
- return 1;
- } else if (is_usb_interface(dev)) {
- ....
- }
- return 0;
- }
如果设备的 dev->type == &usb_device_type ,且 driver.for_devices == 1 ,直接匹配成功。匹配成功之后便会调用driver侧的 probe 函数了。
- struct usb_device_driver usb_generic_driver = {
- .name = "usb",
- .probe = generic_probe,
- .disconnect = generic_disconnect,
- #ifdef CONFIG_PM
- .suspend = generic_suspend,
- .resume = generic_resume,
- #endif
- .supports_autosuspend = 1,
- };
- static int generic_probe(struct usb_device *udev)
- {
- int err, c;
- c = usb_choose_configuration(udev);
- err = usb_set_configuration(udev, c);
- /* USB device state == configured ... usable */
- usb_notify_add_device(udev);
- return 0;
- }
- int usb_set_configuration(struct usb_device *dev, int configuration)
- {
- int i, ret;
- struct usb_host_config *cp = NULL;
- struct usb_interface **new_interfaces = NULL;
- int n, nintf;
- if (dev->authorized == 0 || configuration == -1)
- configuration = 0;
- else {
- for (i = 0; i < dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations; i++) {
- if (dev->config[i].desc.bConfigurationValue ==
- configuration) {
- cp = &dev->config[i];
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- n = nintf = 0;
- if (cp) {
- /* new_interfaces 是个指针数组,首先为它分配空间 */
- nintf = cp->desc.bNumInterfaces;
- new_interfaces = kmalloc(nintf * sizeof(*new_interfaces), GFP_KERNEL);
- /* 为它指向的接口分配空间 */
- for (; n < nintf; ++n) {
- new_interfaces[n] = kzalloc(sizeof(struct usb_interface), GFP_KERNEL);
- }
- i = dev->bus_mA - cp->desc.bMaxPower * 2;
- }
- /* Wake up the device so we can send it the Set-Config request */
- ret = usb_autoresume_device(dev);
- if (cp)
- ret = usb_hcd_check_bandwidth(dev, cp, NULL);
- else
- ret = usb_hcd_check_bandwidth(dev, NULL, NULL);
- /* if it's already configured, clear out old state first.
- * getting rid of old interfaces means unbinding their drivers.
- */
- if (dev->state != USB_STATE_ADDRESS)
- usb_disable_device(dev, 1); /* Skip ep0 */
- /* Get rid of pending async Set-Config requests for this device */
- cancel_async_set_config(dev);
- /* 设置配置 */
- ret = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0),
- USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION, 0, configuration, 0,
- NULL, 0, USB_CTRL_SET_TIMEOUT);
- dev->actconfig = cp;
- /* 变更状态 */
- usb_set_device_state(dev, USB_STATE_CONFIGURED);
- /* 设置这个配置的所有接口 */
- for (i = 0; i < nintf; ++i) {
- struct usb_interface_cache *intfc;
- struct usb_interface *intf;
- struct usb_host_interface *alt;
- cp->interface[i] = intf = new_interfaces[i];
- intfc = cp->intf_cache[i];
- intf->altsetting = intfc->altsetting;
- intf->num_altsetting = intfc->num_altsetting;
- intf->intf_assoc = find_iad(dev, cp, i);
- kref_get(&intfc->ref);
- alt = usb_altnum_to_altsetting(intf, 0);
- if (!alt)
- alt = &intf->altsetting[0];
- intf->cur_altsetting = alt;
- usb_enable_interface(dev, intf, true);
- intf->dev.parent = &dev->dev;
- intf->dev.driver = NULL;
- intf->dev.bus = &usb_bus_type;
- /* 注意这个,match时会区分 device 和 接口 */
- intf->dev.type = &usb_if_device_type;
- intf->dev.groups = usb_interface_groups;
- intf->dev.dma_mask = dev->dev.dma_mask;
- INIT_WORK(&intf->reset_ws, __usb_queue_reset_device);
- device_initialize(&intf->dev);
- mark_quiesced(intf);
- dev_set_name(&intf->dev, "%d-%s:%d.%d",
- dev->bus->busnum, dev->devpath,
- configuration, alt->desc.bInterfaceNumber);
- }
- kfree(new_interfaces);
- if (cp->string == NULL &&
- !(dev->quirks & USB_QUIRK_CONFIG_INTF_STRINGS))
- cp->string = usb_cache_string(dev, cp->desc.iConfiguration);
- for (i = 0; i < nintf; ++i) {
- struct usb_interface *intf = cp->interface[i];
- /* 注册到 usb_bus_type */
- ret = device_add(&intf->dev);
- create_intf_ep_devs(intf);
- }
- usb_autosuspend_device(dev);
- return 0;
- }
- static int usb_device_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
- {
- /* devices and interfaces are handled separately */
- if (is_usb_device(dev)) {
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>...
- } else if (is_usb_interface(dev)) {
- struct usb_interface *intf;
- struct usb_driver *usb_drv;
- const struct usb_device_id *id;
- /* device drivers never match interfaces */
- if (is_usb_device_driver(drv))
- return 0;
- intf = to_usb_interface(dev);
- usb_drv = to_usb_driver(drv);
- id = usb_match_id(intf, usb_drv->id_table);
- if (id)
- return 1;
- id = usb_match_dynamic_id(intf, usb_drv);
- if (id)
- return 1;
- }
- return 0;
- }
- static struct usb_driver hub_driver = {
- .name = "hub",
- .probe = hub_probe,
- .disconnect = hub_disconnect,
- .suspend = hub_suspend,
- .resume = hub_resume,
- .reset_resume = hub_reset_resume,
- .pre_reset = hub_pre_reset,
- .post_reset = hub_post_reset,
- .ioctl = hub_ioctl,
- .id_table = hub_id_table,
- .supports_autosuspend = 1,
- };
- int usb_hub_init(void)
- {
- if (usb_register(&hub_driver) < 0) {
- ...
- }
- /* 创建内核线程,子进程将从 hub_thread 开始,名字叫 khubd */
- khubd_task = kthread_run(hub_thread, NULL, "khubd");
- }
- static inline int usb_register(struct usb_driver *driver)
- {
- return usb_register_driver(driver, THIS_MODULE, KBUILD_MODNAME);
- }
- int usb_register_driver(struct usb_driver *new_driver, struct module *owner,
- const char *mod_name)
- {
- int retval = 0;
- if (usb_disabled())
- return -ENODEV;
- new_driver->drvwrap.for_devices = 0;
- new_driver->drvwrap.driver.name = (char *) new_driver->name;
- new_driver->drvwrap.driver.bus = &usb_bus_type;
- new_driver->drvwrap.driver.probe = usb_probe_interface;
- new_driver->drvwrap.driver.remove = usb_unbind_interface;
- new_driver->drvwrap.driver.owner = owner;
- new_driver->drvwrap.driver.mod_name = mod_name;
- spin_lock_init(&new_driver->dynids.lock);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new_driver->dynids.list);
- retval = driver_register(&new_driver->drvwrap.driver);
- if (!retval) {
- pr_info("%s: registered new interface driver %s\n",
- usbcore_name, new_driver->name);
- usbfs_update_special();
- usb_create_newid_file(new_driver);
- } else {
- printk(KERN_ERR "%s: error %d registering interface "
- " driver %s\n",
- usbcore_name, retval, new_driver->name);
- }
- return retval;
- }
- static int usb_probe_interface(struct device *dev)
- {
- struct usb_driver *driver = to_usb_driver(dev->driver);
- struct usb_interface *intf = to_usb_interface(dev);
- struct usb_device *udev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
- const struct usb_device_id *id;
- int error = -ENODEV;
- dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
- intf->needs_binding = 0;
- id = usb_match_id(intf, driver->id_table);
- if (!id)
- id = usb_match_dynamic_id(intf, driver);
- if (id) {
- dev_dbg(dev, "%s - got id\n", __func__);
- error = usb_autoresume_device(udev);
- mark_active(intf);
- intf->condition = USB_INTERFACE_BINDING;
- atomic_set(&intf->pm_usage_cnt, !driver->supports_autosuspend);
- if (intf->needs_altsetting0) {
- error = usb_set_interface(udev, intf->altsetting[0].
- desc.bInterfaceNumber, 0);
- intf->needs_altsetting0 = 0;
- }
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>/* 看这里 */
- error = driver->probe(intf, id);
- intf->condition = USB_INTERFACE_BOUND;
- usb_autosuspend_device(udev);
- }
- return error;
- }
- int usb_hub_init(void)
- {
- if (usb_register(&hub_driver) < 0) {
- ...
- }
- /* 创建内核线程,子进程将从 hub_thread 开始,名字叫 khubd */
- khubd_task = kthread_run(hub_thread, NULL, "khubd");
- }
- static int hub_thread(void *__unused)
- {
- /* khubd needs to be freezable to avoid intefering with USB-PERSIST
- * port handover. Otherwise it might see that a full-speed device
- * was gone before the EHCI controller had handed its port over to
- * the companion full-speed controller.
- */
- set_freezable();
- do {
- hub_events();
- /* wait_event_interruptible(khubd_wait, ... */
- wait_event_freezable(khubd_wait,
- !list_empty(&hub_event_list) ||
- kthread_should_stop());
- } while (!kthread_should_stop() || !list_empty(&hub_event_list));
- pr_debug("%s: khubd exiting\n", usbcore_name);
- return 0;
- }
- static int hub_probe(struct usb_interface *intf, const struct usb_device_id *id)
- {
- struct usb_host_interface *desc;
- struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
- struct usb_device *hdev;
- struct usb_hub *hub;
- desc = intf->cur_altsetting;
- hdev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
- /* Hub 的子类就是0,即desc->desc 这个interface 描述符里边的bInterfaceSubClass就应该是0 */
- if ((desc->desc.bInterfaceSubClass != 0) &&
- (desc->desc.bInterfaceSubClass != 1)) {
- ...
- }
- /* spec 规定了Hub 只有一个端点(除去端点0)也就是中断端点 */
- if (desc->desc.bNumEndpoints != 1)
- goto descriptor_error;
- endpoint = &desc->endpoint[0].desc;
- /* 判断这个端点是否是中断端点 */
- if (!usb_endpoint_is_int_in(endpoint))
- goto descriptor_error;
- /* 分配一个usb_hub */
- hub = kzalloc(sizeof(*hub), GFP_KERNEL);
- kref_init(&hub->kref);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&hub->event_list);
- hub->intfdev = &intf->dev; //hub device
- hub->hdev = hdev; //hub usb_device
- INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&hub->leds, led_work);
- INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&hub->init_work, NULL);
- usb_get_intf(intf);
- /* intf->dev = hub */
- usb_set_intfdata (intf, hub);
- intf->needs_remote_wakeup = 1;
- if (hdev->speed == USB_SPEED_HIGH)
- highspeed_hubs++;
- if (hub_configure(hub, endpoint) >= 0)
- return 0;
- }
- static int hub_configure(struct usb_hub *hub, struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint)
- {
- struct usb_hcd *hcd;
- struct usb_device *hdev = hub->hdev;
- struct device *hub_dev = hub->intfdev;
- u16 hubstatus, hubchange;
- u16 wHubCharacteristics;
- unsigned int pipe;
- int maxp, ret;
- char *message = "out of memory";
- /* 内存分配 */
- hub->buffer = usb_buffer_alloc(hdev, sizeof(*hub->buffer), GFP_KERNEL,
- &hub->buffer_dma);
- hub->status = kmalloc(sizeof(*hub->status), GFP_KERNEL);
- mutex_init(&hub->status_mutex);
- hub->descriptor = kmalloc(sizeof(*hub->descriptor), GFP_KERNEL);
- /* 获得 hub 描述符 */
- ret = get_hub_descriptor(hdev, hub->descriptor,
- sizeof(*hub->descriptor));
- }
- /* hub 支持的最大下行端口 */
- hdev->maxchild = hub->descriptor->bNbrPorts;
- hub->port_owners = kzalloc(hdev->maxchild * sizeof(void *), GFP_KERNEL);
- wHubCharacteristics = le16_to_cpu(hub->descriptor->wHubCharacteristics);
- if (wHubCharacteristics & HUB_CHAR_COMPOUND) {
- /* 复合设备 */
- } else
- dev_dbg(hub_dev, "standalone hub\n");
- switch (wHubCharacteristics & HUB_CHAR_LPSM) {
- /* 电源切换方式 */
- }
- switch (wHubCharacteristics & HUB_CHAR_OCPM) {
- /* 过流保护模式 */
- }
- spin_lock_init (&hub->tt.lock);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD (&hub->tt.clear_list);
- INIT_WORK(&hub->tt.clear_work, hub_tt_work);
- switch (hdev->descriptor.bDeviceProtocol) {
- /* 低速全速设备掠过 */
- }
- /* Note 8 FS bit times == (8 bits / 12000000 bps) ~= 666ns */
- switch (wHubCharacteristics & HUB_CHAR_TTTT) {
- /* 指定 hub->tt.think_time = 666 * n; n根据设备速度不同而不同*/
- }
- /* 是否支持 hub 上的指示灯 */
- if (wHubCharacteristics & HUB_CHAR_PORTIND) {
- hub->has_indicators = 1;
- dev_dbg(hub_dev, "Port indicators are supported\n");
- }
- /* 请求设备状态 */
- ret = usb_get_status(hdev, USB_RECIP_DEVICE, 0, &hubstatus);
- le16_to_cpus(&hubstatus);
- /* hub 的端口电流 */
- if (hdev == hdev->bus->root_hub) { //根Hub
- ...
- }
- /* Update the HCD's internal representation of this hub before khubd
- * starts getting port status changes for devices under the hub.
- */
- hcd = bus_to_hcd(hdev->bus);
- if (hcd->driver->update_hub_device) {
- ret = hcd->driver->update_hub_device(hcd, hdev,
- &hub->tt, GFP_KERNEL);
- }
- ret = hub_hub_status(hub, &hubstatus, &hubchange);
- /* 获得主机和 Hub 端点的管道 */
- pipe = usb_rcvintpipe(hdev, endpoint->bEndpointAddress);
- maxp = usb_maxpacket(hdev, pipe, usb_pipeout(pipe));
- if (maxp > sizeof(*hub->buffer))
- maxp = sizeof(*hub->buffer);
- /* 分配一个urb */
- hub->urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
- /* 填充Urb */
- usb_fill_int_urb(hub->urb, hdev, pipe, *hub->buffer, maxp, hub_irq,
- hub, endpoint->bInterval);
- hub->urb->transfer_dma = hub->buffer_dma;
- hub->urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
- /* maybe cycle the hub leds */
- if (hub->has_indicators && blinkenlights)
- hub->indicator [0] = INDICATOR_CYCLE;
- //tatus = usb_submit_urb(hub->urb, GFP_NOIO);
- //kick_khubd(hub) -> wake_up(&khubd_wait);
- hub_activate(hub, HUB_INIT);
- return 0;
- }
填充一个 urb ,检测 hub 端口状态,如果有状态发生改变,则会调用 hub_irq
- static void hub_irq(struct urb *urb)
- {
- struct usb_hub *hub = urb->context;
- int status = urb->status;
- unsigned i;
- unsigned long bits;
- switch (status) {
- ....
- /* let khubd handle things */
- case 0: /* we got data: port status changed */
- bits = 0;
- for (i = 0; i < urb->actual_length; ++i)
- bits |= ((unsigned long) ((*hub->buffer)[i]))
- << (i*8);
- hub->event_bits[0] = bits;
- break;
- }
- hub->nerrors = 0;
- /* Something happened, let khubd figure it out */
- kick_khubd(hub);
- resubmit:
- if (hub->quiescing)
- return;
- if ((status = usb_submit_urb (hub->urb, GFP_ATOMIC)) != 0
- && status != -ENODEV && status != -EPERM)
- dev_err (hub->intfdev, "resubmit --> %d\n", status);
- }
如果哪一位端口发生了变化,标记在 Hub->event_bits[0]中,然后唤醒线程,hub_event 被调用。再次提交 urb
- static void hub_events(void)
- {
- struct list_head *tmp;
- struct usb_device *hdev;
- struct usb_interface *intf;
- struct usb_hub *hub;
- struct device *hub_dev;
- u16 hubstatus;
- u16 hubchange;
- u16 portstatus;
- u16 portchange;
- int i, ret;
- int connect_change;
- while (1) {
- /* Grab the first entry at the beginning of the list */
- spin_lock_irq(&hub_event_lock);
- tmp = hub_event_list.next;
- list_del_init(tmp);
- hub = list_entry(tmp, struct usb_hub, event_list);
- kref_get(&hub->kref);
- spin_unlock_irq(&hub_event_lock);
- hdev = hub->hdev;
- hub_dev = hub->intfdev;
- intf = to_usb_interface(hub_dev);
- /* Lock the device, then check to see if we were
- * disconnected while waiting for the lock to succeed. */
- usb_lock_device(hdev);
- /* Autoresume */
- ret = usb_autopm_get_interface(intf);
- /* deal with port status changes */
- for (i = 1; i <= hub->descriptor->bNbrPorts; i++) {
- if (test_bit(i, hub->busy_bits))
- continue;
- connect_change = test_bit(i, hub->change_bits);
- /* 第i位为0返回0 否则返回1,如果端口发生变化,返回1 */
- if (!test_and_clear_bit(i, hub->event_bits) &&
- !connect_change)
- continue;
- /* 程序运行到这,说明第i个端口发生了变化 */
- ret = hub_port_status(hub, i, &portstatus, &portchange);
- if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_CONNECTION) {
- clear_port_feature(hdev, i, USB_PORT_FEAT_C_CONNECTION);
- connect_change = 1;
- }
- if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_ENABLE) {
- ...
- }
- if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_SUSPEND) {
- ...
- }
- if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_OVERCURRENT) {
- ...
- }
- if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_RESET) {
- ...
- }
- if (connect_change)
- hub_port_connect_change(hub, i, portstatus, portchange);
- } /* end for i */
- ...
- }
- static void hub_port_connect_change(struct usb_hub *hub, int port1,
- u16 portstatus, u16 portchange)
- {
- struct usb_device *hdev = hub->hdev;
- struct device *hub_dev = hub->intfdev;
- struct usb_hcd *hcd = bus_to_hcd(hdev->bus);
- unsigned wHubCharacteristics =
- le16_to_cpu(hub->descriptor->wHubCharacteristics);
- struct usb_device *udev;
- int status, i;
- for (i = 0; i < SET_CONFIG_TRIES; i++) {
- /* 分配一个 usb_device */
- udev = usb_alloc_dev(hdev, hdev->bus, port1);
- /* 设置它的状态为 加电的 */
- usb_set_device_state(udev, USB_STATE_POWERED);
- udev->bus_mA = hub->mA_per_port;
- udev->level = hdev->level + 1;
- udev->wusb = hub_is_wusb(hub);
- udev->speed = USB_SPEED_UNKNOWN;
- /* 分配一个地址 devnum = find_next_zero_bit(bus->devmap.devicemap, 128, bus->devnum_next); */
- choose_address(udev);
- /* 复位 获取描述符 */
- status = hub_port_init(hub, udev, port1, i);
- status = 0;
- /* Run it through the hoops (find a driver, etc) */
- if (!status) {
- status = usb_new_device(udev);
- }
- status = hub_power_remaining(hub);
- return;
- }
- static int hub_port_init (struct usb_hub *hub, struct usb_device *udev, int port1,
- int retry_counter)
- {
- static DEFINE_MUTEX(usb_address0_mutex);
- struct usb_device *hdev = hub->hdev;
- struct usb_hcd *hcd = bus_to_hcd(hdev->bus);
- int i, j, retval;
- unsigned delay = HUB_SHORT_RESET_TIME;
- enum usb_device_speed oldspeed = udev->speed;
- char *speed, *type;
- int devnum = udev->devnum;
- mutex_lock(&usb_address0_mutex);
- retval = hub_port_reset(hub, port1, udev, delay);
- oldspeed = udev->speed;
- /* 根据传输速度设置端点0的最大包大小 */
- switch (udev->speed) {
- case USB_SPEED_SUPER:
- case USB_SPEED_VARIABLE: /* fixed at 512 */
- udev->ep0.desc.wMaxPacketSize = cpu_to_le16(512);
- break;
- case USB_SPEED_HIGH: /* fixed at 64 */
- udev->ep0.desc.wMaxPacketSize = cpu_to_le16(64);
- break;
- case USB_SPEED_FULL: /* 8, 16, 32, or 64 */
- udev->ep0.desc.wMaxPacketSize = cpu_to_le16(64);
- break;
- case USB_SPEED_LOW: /* fixed at 8 */
- udev->ep0.desc.wMaxPacketSize = cpu_to_le16(8);
- break;
- default:
- goto fail;
- }
- type = "";
- switch (udev->speed) {
- case USB_SPEED_LOW: speed = "low"; break;
- case USB_SPEED_FULL: speed = "full"; break;
- case USB_SPEED_HIGH: speed = "high"; break;
- case USB_SPEED_SUPER:
- speed = "super";
- break;
- case USB_SPEED_VARIABLE:
- speed = "variable";
- type = "Wireless ";
- break;
- default: speed = "?"; break;
- }
- for (i = 0; i < GET_DESCRIPTOR_TRIES; (++i, msleep(100))) {
- if (USE_NEW_SCHEME(retry_counter) && !(hcd->driver->flags & HCD_USB3)) {
- ...
- }
- if (udev->wusb == 0) {
- for (j = 0; j < SET_ADDRESS_TRIES; ++j) {
- /* 将分配的地址告诉设备 ,并设置设备状态为 USB_STATE_ADDRESS */
- retval = hub_set_address(udev, devnum);
- msleep(200);
- }
- if (udev->speed == USB_SPEED_SUPER) {
- devnum = udev->devnum;
- }
- msleep(10);
- if (USE_NEW_SCHEME(retry_counter) && !(hcd->driver->flags & HCD_USB3))
- break;
- }
- /* 不知道一次能获取多少,但至少能获取8 */
- retval = usb_get_device_descriptor(udev, 8);
- if (retval < 8) {
- ...
- } else {
- retval = 0;
- break;
- }
- }
- if (udev->descriptor.bMaxPacketSize0 == 0xff ||
- udev->speed == USB_SPEED_SUPER)
- i = 512;
- else
- i = udev->descriptor.bMaxPacketSize0;
- if (le16_to_cpu(udev->ep0.desc.wMaxPacketSize) != i) {
- udev->ep0.desc.wMaxPacketSize = cpu_to_le16(i);
- usb_ep0_reinit(udev);
- }
- /* 重新获取全部描述符 */
- retval = usb_get_device_descriptor(udev, USB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE);
- retval = 0;
- mutex_unlock(&usb_address0_mutex);
- return retval;
- }
在 Hub_event 中,会调用 对于状态变化的端口调用 hub_port_status 来检测Hub端口的具体状态,然后调用 hub_port_connect_change
hub_port_connect_change
udev = usb_alloc_dev(hdev, hdev->bus, port1);
dev->dev.bus = &usb_bus_type;
choose_address(udev); // 给新设备分配编号(地址)
hub_port_init // usb 1-1: new full speed USB device using s3c2410-ohci and address 3
hub_set_address // 把编号(地址)告诉USB设备
usb_get_device_descriptor(udev, 8); // 获取设备描述符
retval = usb_get_device_descriptor(udev, USB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE);
usb_new_device(udev)
err = usb_get_configuration(udev); // 把所有的描述符都读出来,并解析
usb_parse_configuration
device_add // 把device放入usb_bus_type的dev链表,
// 从usb_bus_type的driver链表里取出usb_driver,
// 把usb_interface和usb_driver的id_table比较
// 如果能匹配,调用usb_driver的probe
显然,从 usb_alloc_dev 开始,重复了如同根 Hub 作为一个 device 注册进内核时的流程。如此循环下去,就能枚举注册所有的 usb 设备。