matplotlib-随机漫步

random_walk.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Mon May 29 07:56:41 2017

@author: Administrator
"""

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Mon May 29 07:52:39 2017

@author: Administrator
"""

from random import choice


class RandomWalk():
    """一个生成随机漫步数据的类"""
    def __init__(self, num_points=5000):
        """初始化随机漫步的属性"""
        self.num_points = num_points
        # 所有随机漫步都始于(0, 0)
        self.x_values = [0]
        self.y_values = [0]


    def fill_walk(self):
        """计算随机漫步包含的所有点"""
        # 不断漫步， 直到列表达到指定的长度
        while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:
            # 决定前进方向以及沿这个方向前进的距离
            x_direction = choice([1, -1])
            x_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
            x_step = x_direction * x_distance

            y_direction = choice([1, -1])
            y_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
            y_step = y_direction * y_distance

            # 拒绝原地踏步
            if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
                continue
            # 计算下一个点的x和y值
            next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
            next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step
            self.x_values.append(next_x)
            self.y_values.append(next_y)

rw_visual.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Mon May 29 07:57:13 2017

@author: Administrator
"""

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from random_walk import RandomWalk


while True:
    # 创建一个RandomWalk实例， 并将其包含的点都绘制出来
    rw = RandomWalk(80000)
    rw.fill_walk()

    # 设置绘图窗口的尺寸
    plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))

    point_numbers = list(range(rw.num_points))
    plt.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, c=point_numbers, cmap=plt.cm.Blues,
edgecolor='none', s=1)



    # 突出起点和终点
    plt.scatter(0, 0, c='green', edgecolors='none', s=100)
    plt.scatter(rw.x_values[-1], rw.y_values[-1], c='red', edgecolors='none',s=100)
    #plt.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, s=15)

    # 隐藏坐标轴
    plt.axes().get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
    plt.axes().get_yaxis().set_visible(False)

    plt.show()

    keep_running = input("Make another walk? (y/n): ")
    if keep_running == 'n':
        break

一张输出图片：

学习：《python编程：入门到实践》