shell如何运行程序
shell用fork建立新进程,用exec在新进程中运行用户指定的程序,最后shell用wait等待新进程的结束。
截图
代码:
sh1.c
没有使用fork,只能运行一个进程
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAXARGS 20
#define ARGLEN 100
int main()
{
char *arglist[MAXARGS+1];
int numargs;
char argbuf[ARGLEN];
char *makestring();
numargs = 0;
while(numargs < MAXARGS)
{
printf("Arg[%d]?",numargs);
if(fgets(argbuf,ARGLEN,stdin)&& *argbuf != '\n')
arglist[numargs ++]=makestring(argbuf);//将读入内容转化为字符串
else{
if(numargs > 0){
arglist[numargs] = NULL;
execute(arglist);//执行字符串对应程序
numargs = 0;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
int execute( char *arglist[])
{
execvp(arglist[0],arglist);
perror("execvp failed");
exit(1);
}
char * makestring(char *buf)
{
char *cp;
buf[strlen(buf)-1]='\0';
cp = (char *)malloc(strlen(buf)+1);
if(cp == NULL){
fprintf(stderr,"no memory\n");
exit(1);
}
strcpy(cp,buf);
return cp;
}
sh2.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAXARGS 20
#define ARGLEN 100
int main()
{
char *arglist[MAXARGS+1];
int numargs;
char argbuf[ARGLEN];
char *makestring();
numargs = 0;
while(numargs < MAXARGS)
{
printf("Arg[%d]?",numargs);
if(fgets(argbuf,ARGLEN,stdin)&& *argbuf != '\n')
arglist[numargs ++]=makestring(argbuf);
else{
if(numargs > 0){
arglist[numargs] = NULL;
execute(arglist);
numargs = 0;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
int execute( char *arglist[])
{
int pid,exitstatus;
pid = fork();
switch (pid){
case -1:
perror("fork failed");
exit(1);
case 0:
execvp(arglist[0],arglist);
perror("execvp failed");
default:
while (wait(&exitstatus) != pid);//等待进程退出
printf("child exited with status %d,%d\n",exitstatus>>8,exitstatus&0377);
}
}
char * makestring(char *buf)
{
char *cp;
buf[strlen(buf)-1]='\0';
cp = (char *)malloc(strlen(buf)+1);
if(cp == NULL){
fprintf(stderr,"no memory\n");
exit(1);
}
strcpy(cp,buf);
return cp;
}