Apache BVal （源码）是实体数据验证 Java Bean Validation 的参考实现。Apache BVal 提供了 JSR 303 规范中所有内置 constraint 的实现，用于对 Bean 中的字段的值进行约束定义、描述和验证。若单单说 JSR 规范大渣可能还不清楚，但做过 POJO 的 Hibernate Validator 注解的朋友就知道是啥，——那为什么不使用主流的 Hibernate Validator 呢？因为这货净是个压缩包都已经 13mb 了（尽管可以有文档、源码其他在内），BVal 才只有 400 多 kb，而我只需要服务端验证而已，——天真的孩纸伤不起啊。俺的 ORM 也是 Mybatis 的，务求尽可能地轻量级。
Spring MVC 3.x 虽然自带了验证器 Validatior，可以在控制器中对表单提交的数据进行验证，但这个验证器是极其弱，因为你需要完全手工编码 if (null) else warn("不能空数据")，——太变态了（入下面的例子）——我们需要框架来减轻费时耗力的劳动，于是这类验证框架出现了。
import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
import org.springframework.validation.ValidationUtils;
import org.springframework.validation.Validator;
public class UserValidator implements Validator {
public boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return User.class.equals(clazz);
}
public void validate(Object obj, Errors errors) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ValidationUtils.rejectIfEmpty(errors, "username", null, "Username is empty.");
User user = (User) obj;
if (null == user.getPassword() || "".equals(user.getPassword()))
errors.rejectValue("password", null, "Password is empty.");
}
} 而我们理想的是这样的，在 POJO 身上声明验证条件的注解（Fields or Method 均可）：
import javax.validation.constraints.Min;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
public class User {
@NotNull(message = "用户名不能为空")
private String username;
private String password;
private int age;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
@NotNull(message = "密码不能为null")
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Min(value = 10, message = "年龄的最小值为10")
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}好了，现在准备一下 BVal jar 包：
加入测试用例：
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
import javax.validation.Validation;
import javax.validation.Validator;
import javax.validation.ValidatorFactory;
import org.apache.bval.jsr.ApacheValidationProvider;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.ajaxjs.business.model.News;
public class TestValidation {
@Test
public void testValid() {
News news = new News();
ValidatorFactory avf = Validation.byProvider(ApacheValidationProvider.class).configure().buildValidatorFactory();
Validator validator = avf.getValidator();
//news.setName("dsdsa");
Set<ConstraintViolation<News>> constraintViolations = validator.validate(news);
for (ConstraintViolation<News> constraintViolation : constraintViolations) {
System.out.println(constraintViolation.getMessage());
}
assertNotNull(constraintViolations);
}
}注解说明
@Vaild 是用于嵌套另外一个 pojo 的，如：
@NotNull
@Valid
private Person driver;那么，
Car car = new Car(null, "", 1);
Person driver = new Person();
car.setDriver(driver);| Annotation | Supported data types | Use | Hibernate metadata impact |
|---|---|---|---|
@AssertFalse | Boolean, boolean | Checks that the annotated element is false | None |
@AssertTrue | Boolean, boolean | Checks that the annotated element is true | None |
@DecimalMax(value=, inclusive=) | BigDecimal, BigInteger, CharSequence, byte, short, int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types; Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of Number | Checks whether the annotated value is less than the specified maximum, when inclusive=false. Otherwise whether the value is less than or equal to the specified maximum. The parameter value is the string representation of the max value according to the BigDecimal string representation. | None |
@DecimalMin(value=, inclusive=) | BigDecimal, BigInteger, CharSequence, byte, short, int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types; Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of Number | Checks whether the annotated value is larger than the specified minimum, when inclusive=false. Otherwise whether the value is larger than or equal to the specified minimum. The parameter value is the string representation of the min value according to the BigDecimal string representation. | None |
@Digits(integer=, fraction=) | BigDecimal, BigInteger, CharSequence, byte, short, int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types; Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of Number | Checks whether the annoted value is a number having up to integer digits and fraction fractional digits | Defines column precision and scale |
@Future | java.util.Date, supported by HV, if the Joda Time date/time API is on the class path: any implementations of ReadablePartial and ReadableInstant | Checks whether the annotated date is in the future | None |
@Max(value=) | BigDecimal, BigInteger, byte, short, int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types; Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of CharSequence (the numeric value represented by the character sequence is evaluated), any sub-type of Number | Checks whether the annotated value is less than or equal to the specified maximum | Adds a check constraint on the column |
@Min(value=) | BigDecimal, BigInteger, byte, short, int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types; Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of CharSequence (the numeric value represented by the char sequence is evaluated), any sub-type of Number | Checks whether the annotated value is higher than or equal to the specified minimum | Adds a check constraint on the column |
@NotNull | Any type | Checks that the annotated value is not null. | Column(s) are not nullable |
@Null | Any type | Checks that the annotated value is null | None |
@Past | java.util.Date, java.util.Calendar; Additionally date/time API is on the class path: any implementations of ReadablePartial and ReadableInstant | Checks whether the annotated date is in the past | None |
@Pattern(regex=, flag=) | CharSequence | Checks if the annotated string matches the regular expression regex considering the given flag match | None |
@Size(min=, max=) | CharSequence, Collection, Map and arrays | Checks if the annotated element's size is between min and max (inclusive) | Column length will be set to max |
@Valid | Any non-primitive type | Performs validation recursively on the associated object. If the object is a collection or an array, the elements are validated recursively. If the object is a map, the value elements are validated recursively. |
翻译是：
| Constraint | 详细信息 |
|---|---|
@Null | 被注释的元素必须为 null |
@NotNull | 被注释的元素必须不为 null |
@AssertTrue | 被注释的元素必须为 true |
@AssertFalse | 被注释的元素必须为 false |
@Min(value) | 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须大于等于指定的最小值 |
@Max(value) | 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须小于等于指定的最大值 |
@DecimalMin(value) | 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须大于等于指定的最小值 |
@DecimalMax(value) | 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须小于等于指定的最大值 |
@Size(max, min) | 被注释的元素的大小必须在指定的范围内 |
@Digits (integer, fraction) | 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须在可接受的范围内 |
@Past | 被注释的元素必须是一个过去的日期 |
@Future | 被注释的元素必须是一个将来的日期 |
@Pattern(value) | 被注释的元素必须符合指定的正则表达式 |
Apache BVal 提供额外的注解，在 org.apache.bval.constraints.* 下。
注入到 Spring
如果用 Apache BVal 结合 Spring 是怎么做的呢？首先在 MVC 的 xml 配置文件中加入以下：
<mvc:annotation-driven validator="validator"/>
<!-- 数据验证 Validator bean -->
<bean id="validator" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean">
<property name="providerClass" value="org.apache.bval.jsr.ApacheValidationProvider" />
</bean>
<!-- // -->这是一种全局的配置方式，我们注入 Bval 的验证器，另外，还要让 MVC 打开注解驱动。加上了 <mvn:annotation-driven/> 之后 Spring 会自动检测 classpath 下的 JSR-303 提供者并自动启用对 JSR-303 的支持。然后就可以在 POJO 中添加注解，而且要在控制器中声明 bean 的验证，如下例的 @Valid T news，否则 Bval 不会起作用。
/**
* 新建
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String create(@Valid T news, BindingResult result,Model model) {
System.out.println("新建");
if (result.hasErrors()) {
LOGGER.info("create error!");
}else{
LOGGER.info("create ok!");
}
news.setService(getService());
try {
getService().create(news);
model.addAttribute("newlyId", news.getId());
} catch (ServiceException e) {
model.addAttribute("errMsg", e.toString());
}
return "common/entity/json_cud";
}一定要注意的是，控制器方法的参数顺序。Binding Result 必须在 Bean 后面。这是 Spring MVC 的约定。MVC 对控制器其他参数的顺序没什么规定，唯独这个 BindingResult 作了如此规定。目的是为了可以允许有多个 bean，于是也就有多个 BindingResult。
怎么处理错误就不详细说了，不同场景下要求不同。
自定义验证
可否自定义验证条件？我还没试，应该可以参考 Hibernate Validator 的做法。下面这篇文章说得很详细。
JSR 303 - Bean Validation 介绍及最佳实践
lk
调用 Apache BVal
07-18 补充如下：
可否脱离 Spring 运行？本身 BVal 就是一个独立的框架，因此答案不仅是可以的，而且非常简单。下面使用工厂和单例两种模式，返回一个校验器。
import javax.validation.Validation;
import javax.validation.Validator;
import javax.validation.ValidatorFactory;
import org.apache.bval.jsr.ApacheValidationProvider;
public enum MyValidatorFactory {
SINGLE_INSTANCE {
// BVal 与 JSR 接口结合，返回 ValidatorFactory 工厂
ValidatorFactory avf = Validation.byProvider(ApacheValidationProvider.class).configure().buildValidatorFactory();
@Override
public Validator getValidator() {
return avf.getValidator();
}
};
/**
* 返回一个校验器
* @return 校验器
*/
public abstract Validator getValidator();
}
这里一点技巧就是通过 Java 枚举来实现单例。
好了，拿一个 Bean 来测试下，分别有通过和报错两种情况的测试。
import java.util.Set;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.*;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
import javax.validation.Validator;
import com.ajaxjs.framework.model.MyValidatorFactory;
import com.ajaxjs.framework.model.News;
public class TestValid {
@Test
public void testQuery() {
Validator v = MyValidatorFactory.SINGLE_INSTANCE.getValidator();
News news = new News();
news.setName("标题");
Set<ConstraintViolation<News>> result = v.validate(news);
assertTrue("应该通过校验", result.isEmpty());
News news2 = new News();
result = v.validate(news2);
assertTrue("应该不通过校验", !result.isEmpty());
System.out.println(result.size());
for(ConstraintViolation<News> r : result) {
System.out.println(r.getMessage());// 什么错？
System.out.println(r.getPropertyPath());// 哪个字段错？
}
}
}主要通过返回 ConstraintViolation 的 isEmpty() 方法来判断是否有错误。
JSR 303 校验如何输出中文的信息？
- 添加一个资源文件，文件名为 ValidationMessages.properties，并将其放在 classpath 路径下的某个目录下（例如 resources 目录）。
- 在 ValidationMessages.properties 中添加对应的 key-value 键值对，其中 key 为校验注解上的 message 属性值（即校验失败时输出的信息），value 为希望输出的中文信息。
ValidationMessages.properties 不能直接插入中文，需转义 URL 编码才可以。
javax.validation.constraints.AssertTrue.message=\u503C\u5FC5\u987B\u4E3A true
javax.validation.constraints.AssertFalse.message=\u503C\u5FC5\u987B\u4E3A false
javax.validation.constraints.DecimalMax.message=\u503C\u4E0D\u80FD\u5927\u4E8E {value}
javax.validation.constraints.DecimalMin.message=\u503C\u4E0D\u80FD\u5C0F\u4E8E {value}
javax.validation.constraints.Digits.message=\u6570\u5B57\u503C\u8D85\u51FA\u8303\u56F4\uFF08\u5E94\u8BE5\u4E3A <{integer} digits>.<{fraction} digits>\uFF09
javax.validation.constraints.Email.message=\u503C\u5FC5\u987B\u4E3A\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7535\u5B50\u90AE\u4EF6\u5730\u5740
javax.validation.constraints.Future.message=\u503C\u5FC5\u987B\u4E3A\u5C06\u6765\u7684\u65E5\u671F
javax.validation.constraints.FutureOrPresent.message=\u503C\u5FC5\u987B\u4E3A\u5F53\u524D\u6216\u5C06\u6765\u7684\u65E5\u671F
javax.validation.constraints.Max.message=\u503C\u4E0D\u80FD\u5927\u4E8E {value}
javax.validation.constraints.Min.message=\u503C\u4E0D\u80FD\u5C0F\u4E8E {value}
javax.validation.constraints.Negative.message=\u503C\u5FC5\u987B\u4E3A\u8D1F\u6570
javax.validation.constraints.NegativeOrZero.message=\u503C\u5FC5\u987B\u4E3A\u975E\u6B63\u6570
javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank.message=\u503C\u4E0D\u80FD\u4E3A\u7A7A\u503C\u6216\u7A7A\u767D\u5B57\u7B26\u4E32
javax.validation.constraints.NotEmpty.message=\u503C\u4E0D\u80FD\u4E3A\u7A7A\u503C\u3001null \u6216\u7A7A\u96C6\u5408
javax.validation.constraints.NotNull.message=\u503C\u4E0D\u80FD\u4E3A null
javax.validation.constraints.Null.message=\u503C\u5FC5\u987B\u4E3A null
javax.validation.constraints.Past.message=\u503C\u5FC5\u987B\u4E3A\u8FC7\u53BB\u7684\u65E5\u671F
javax.validation.constraints.PastOrPresent.message=\u503C\u5FC5\u987B\u4E3A\u5F53\u524D\u6216\u8FC7\u53BB\u7684\u65E5\u671F
javax.validation.constraints.Positive.message=\u503C\u5FC5\u987B\u4E3A\u6B63\u6570
javax.validation.constraints.PositiveOrZero.message=\u503C\u5FC5\u987B\u4E3A\u975E\u8D1F\u6570
javax.validation.constraints.Pattern.message=\u503C\u5FC5\u987B\u4E0E\u6307\u5B9A\u6B63\u5219\u8868\u8FBE\u5F0F\u5339\u914D
javax.validation.constraints.Size.message=\u5927\u5C0F\u5FC5\u987B\u4F4E\u4E8E {max}\uFF0C\u5927\u4E8E {min}
# additional built-ins
org.apache.bval.constraints.NotEmpty.message=may not be empty
org.apache.bval.constraints.Email.message=not a well-formed email address
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