一、TCP socket ipv6与ipv4的区别
服务器端源代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define MAXBUF 1024
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int sockfd, new_fd;
socklen_t len;
/* struct sockaddr_in my_addr, their_addr; */ // IPv4
struct sockaddr_in6 my_addr, their_addr; // IPv6
unsigned int myport, lisnum;
char buf[MAXBUF + 1];
if (argv[1])
myport = atoi(argv[1]);
else
myport = 7838;
if (argv[2])
lisnum = atoi(argv[2]);
else
lisnum = 2;
/* if ((sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) { */ // IPv4
if ((sockfd = socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) { // IPv6
perror("socket");
exit(1);
} else
printf("socket created/n");
bzero(&my_addr, sizeof(my_addr));
/* my_addr.sin_family = PF_INET; */ // IPv4
my_addr.sin6_family = PF_INET6; // IPv6
/* my_addr.sin_port = htons(myport); */ // IPv4
my_addr.sin6_port = htons(myport); // IPv6
if (argv[3])
/* my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[3]); */ // IPv4
inet_pton(AF_INET6, argv[3], &my_addr.sin6_addr); // IPv6
else
/* my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; */ // IPv4
my_addr.sin6_addr = in6addr_any; // IPv6
/* if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) */ // IPv4
if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)) // IPv6
== -1) {
perror("bind");
exit(1);
} else
printf("binded/n");
if (listen(sockfd, lisnum) == -1) {
perror("listen");
exit(1);
} else
printf("begin listen/n");
while (1) {
len = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
if ((new_fd =
accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &their_addr,
&len)) == -1) {
perror("accept");
exit(errno);
} else
printf("server: got connection from %s, port %d, socket %d/n",
/* inet_ntoa(their_addr.sin_addr), */ // IPv4
inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &their_addr.sin6_addr, buf, sizeof(buf)), // IPv6
/* ntohs(their_addr.sin_port), new_fd); */ // IPv4
their_addr.sin6_port, new_fd); // IPv6
/* 开始处理每个新连接上的数据收发 */
bzero(buf, MAXBUF + 1);
strcpy(buf,
"这是在连接建立成功后向客户端发送的第一个消息/n只能向new_fd这个用accept函数新建立的socket发消息，不能向sockfd这个监听socket发送消息，监听socket不能用来接收或发送消息/n");
/* 发消息给客户端 */
len = send(new_fd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
if (len < 0) {
printf
("消息'%s'发送失败！错误代码是%d，错误信息是'%s'/n",
buf, errno, strerror(errno));
} else
printf("消息'%s'发送成功，共发送了%d个字节！/n",
buf, len);
bzero(buf, MAXBUF + 1);
/* 接收客户端的消息 */
len = recv(new_fd, buf, MAXBUF, 0);
if (len > 0)
printf("接收消息成功:'%s'，共%d个字节的数据/n",
buf, len);
else
printf
("消息接收失败！错误代码是%d，错误信息是'%s'/n",
errno, strerror(errno));
/* 处理每个新连接上的数据收发结束 */
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}而“//IPv6” 表示这行代码是在IPv6网络里用的，比较一下，会很容易看到差别的。
客户端源代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <resolv.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MAXBUF 1024
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int sockfd, len;
/* struct sockaddr_in dest; */ // IPv4
struct sockaddr_in6 dest; // IPv6
char buffer[MAXBUF + 1];
if (argc != 3) {
printf
("参数格式错误！正确用法如下：/n/t/t%s IP地址 端口/n/t比如:/t%s 127.0.0.1 80/n此程序用来从某个 IP 地址的服务器某个端口接收最多 MAXBUF 个字节的消息",
argv[0], argv[0]);
exit(0);
}
/* 创建一个 socket 用于 tcp 通信 */
/* if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) { */ // IPv4
if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) { // IPv6
perror("Socket");
exit(errno);
}
printf("socket created/n");
/* 初始化服务器端（对方）的地址和端口信息 */
bzero(&dest, sizeof(dest));
/* dest.sin_family = AF_INET; */ // IPv4
dest.sin6_family = AF_INET6; // IPv6
/* dest.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); */ // IPv4
dest.sin6_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); // IPv6
/* if (inet_aton(argv[1], (struct in_addr *) &dest.sin_addr.s_addr) == 0) { */ // IPv4
if ( inet_pton(AF_INET6, argv[1], &dest.sin6_addr) < 0 ) { // IPv6
perror(argv[1]);
exit(errno);
}
printf("address created/n");
/* 连接服务器 */
if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &dest, sizeof(dest)) != 0) {
perror("Connect ");
exit(errno);
}
printf("server connected/n");
/* 接收对方发过来的消息，最多接收 MAXBUF 个字节 */
bzero(buffer, MAXBUF + 1);
/* 接收服务器来的消息 */
len = recv(sockfd, buffer, MAXBUF, 0);
if (len > 0)
printf("接收消息成功:'%s'，共%d个字节的数据/n",
buffer, len);
else
printf
("消息接收失败！错误代码是%d，错误信息是'%s'/n",
errno, strerror(errno));
bzero(buffer, MAXBUF + 1);
strcpy(buffer, "这是客户端发给服务器端的消息/n");
/* 发消息给服务器 */
len = send(sockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0);
if (len < 0)
printf
("消息'%s'发送失败！错误代码是%d，错误信息是'%s'/n",
buffer, errno, strerror(errno));
else
printf("消息'%s'发送成功，共发送了%d个字节！/n",
buffer, len);
/* 关闭连接 */
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}编译程序用下列命令：
gcc -Wall ipv6-server.c -o ipv6server
gcc -Wall ipv6-client.c -o ipv6client
你自己的主机有IPv6地址吗？很多人会问，输入ifconfig命令看一下吧：
| eth0 链路封装:以太网 硬件地址 00:14:2A:6D:5B:A5 inet 地址:192.168.0.167 广播:192.168.0.255 掩码:255.255.255.0 inet6 地址: fe80::214:2aff:fe6d:5ba5/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 跃点数:1 接收数据包:30507 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0 发送数据包:26797 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0 碰撞:0 发送队列长度:1000 接收字节:31461154 (30.0 MiB) 发送字节:4472810 (4.2 MiB) 中断:185 基本地址:0xe400 lo 链路封装:本地环回 inet 地址:127.0.0.1 掩码:255.0.0.0 inet6 地址: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 跃点数:1 接收数据包:13 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0 发送数据包:13 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0 碰撞:0 发送队列长度:0 接收字节:1178 (1.1 KiB) 发送字节:1178 (1.1 KiB) |
启动服务：
./ipv6server 7838 1
或者加上IP地址启动服务：
./ipv6server 7838 1 fe80::214:2aff:fe6d:5ba5
启动客户端测试一下：
./ipv6client ::1/128 7838
或
./ipv6client fe80::214:2aff:fe6d:5ba5 7838
二、UDP ipv6例子
UDP服务端：
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#define LOCALPORT 8888
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int mysocket,len;
int i=0;
struct sockaddr_in6 addr;
int addr_len;
char msg[200];
char buf[300];
if((mysocket=socket(AF_INET6,SOCK_DGRAM,0))<0)
{
perror("error:");
return(1);
}
else
{
printf("socket created ...\n");
printf("socket id :%d \n",mysocket);
}
addr_len=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
bzero(&addr,sizeof(addr));
addr.sin6_family=AF_INET6;
addr.sin6_port=htons(LOCALPORT);
addr.sin6_addr=in6addr_any;
if(bind(mysocket,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,sizeof(addr))<0)
{
perror("connect");
return(1);
}
else
{
printf("bink ok .\n");
printf("local port : %d\n",LOCALPORT);
}
while(1)
{
bzero(msg,sizeof(msg));
len = recvfrom(mysocket,msg,sizeof(msg),0,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,(socklen_t*)&addr_len);
printf("%d:",i);
i++;
inet_ntop(AF_INET6,&addr.sin6_addr,buf,sizeof(buf));
printf("message from ip %s",buf);
printf("Received message : %s\n",msg);
if(sendto(mysocket,msg,len,0,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,addr_len)<0)
{
printf("error");
return(1);
}
}
}
UDP客户端代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#define REMOTEPORT 8888
#define REMOTEIP "::1"
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int mysocket,len;
int i=0;
struct sockaddr_in6 addr;
int addr_len;
char msg[200];
if((mysocket=socket(AF_INET6,SOCK_DGRAM,0))<0)
{
perror("error:");
return(1);
}
else
{
printf("socket created ...\n");
printf("socket id :%d \n",mysocket);
printf("rmote ip : %s\n",REMOTEIP);
printf("remote port :%d \n",REMOTEPORT);
}
addr_len=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
bzero(&addr,sizeof(addr));
addr.sin6_family=AF_INET6;
addr.sin6_port=htons(REMOTEPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET6,REMOTEIP,&addr.sin6_addr);
while(1)
{
bzero(msg,sizeof(msg));
len=read(STDIN_FILENO,msg,sizeof(msg));
if(sendto(mysocket,msg,sizeof(msg),0,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,addr_len)<0)
{
printf("error");
return(1);
}
len=recvfrom(mysocket,msg,sizeof(msg),0,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,(socklen_t*)&addr_len);
printf("%d:",i);
i++;
printf("Received message : %s\n",msg);
}
}"::1"相当于ipv4下的lo，即127网段
三、ipv6环境下inet_pton和inet_ntop
附上一段ipv6环境下inet_pton和inet_ntop函数代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
unsigned char buf[sizeof(struct in6_addr)];
int domain, s;
char str[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
if(argc != 3){
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s {i4|i6|<num>} string\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
domain = (strcmp(argv[1], "i4") == 0) ? AF_INET:(strcmp(argv[1], "i6") == 0) ? AF_INET6 : atoi(argv[1]);
//IP字符串 ——》网络字节流
s = inet_pton(domain, argv[2], buf);
if(s<=0)
{
if(0 == s)
fprintf(stderr, "Not in presentation format\n");
else
perror("inet_pton");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//网络字节流 ——》IP字符串
if(inet_ntop(domain, buf, str, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN) == NULL){
perror("inet ntop\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("%s\n", str);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
四、兼容IPV4和IPV6地址代码
为了能够兼容ipv4和ipv6，可以组织代码如下：
#define ADDRESS_BUFFER 50
typedef class address
{
private:
short int sin_family; //address family AF_INET or AF_INET6
union
{
char binary_addr4[IPV4_LEN];
char binary_addr6[IPV6_LEN];
}addr;
char readable_addr[ADDRESS_BUFFER];
public:
address();
bool operator == (const address &dst) const;
bool operator != (const address &dst) const { return (*this == dst? false : true );}
bool operator < (const address &dst) const;
const char* get_readable_address() const {return readable_addr;}
int get_family() const {return sin_family;}
bool is_ipv6() const {return sin_family == AF_INET6;}
void set_family(int af) {if(af != AF_INET && af != AF_INET6) return; sin_family = af;}
bool set_from_readable_address(const char* readable_address);
const char* get_binary_data() {return (char*)&addr;}
}address;
这里最重要的函数是set_from_readable_address函数，该函数是整个类的入口，执行该函数需要传入一个可读的IP地址，ipv4应该是"xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"形式，ipv6应该是如：“ff01::1”或者"ffec:afaf::111"等可读的格式，返回false代表转换格式遇到错误，下面贴上该函数的实现代码，其它函数有兴趣的可以自己实现
bool address::set_from_readable_address(const char* readable_address)
{
if(readable_address == NULL)
return false;
memset(addr.binary_addr6, 0, sizeof(addr.binary_addr6));
const char*p = readable_address;
int cnt = 0;
for(; *p != '\0';p++)
if(*p == ':')
cnt++;
if(cnt >= 2)
{
sin_family = AF_INET6;
if( inet_pton(PF_INET6,readable_address,addr.binary_addr6) <= 0)
return false;
strncpy(readable_addr, readable_address, ADDRESS_BUFFER);
}else
{
sin_family = AF_INET;
if( inet_pton(PF_INET,readable_address,addr.binary_addr4) <= 0)
return false;
strncpy(readable_addr, readable_address, ADDRESS_BUFFER);
}
return true;
}
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