OpenCV 计算图像一维直方图

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-20 10:18:03 发布

ScorpioDoctor

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-20 10:18:03 发布

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分类专栏： OpenCV 文章标签： opencv rgb 直方图 calcHist

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhjm07054115/article/details/24481931

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OpenCV直方图计算学习

环境：Visual studio 2012 + opencv 2.4.5

统计彩色图像的指定区域的rgb通道的直方图分布

// HistogramCalculate.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//计算给定图像区域的直方图

#include "stdafx.h"
#include 
   
   
    
    
#include 
    
    
     
     

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	string filename = "meinv1.jpg";
	string winname = "MainWindow";
	namedWindow(winname,1);

	Mat src, dst;//声明原始图像和目标图像

	/// 装载图像
    src = imread( filename, 1 );
    if( !src.data ) //判断图像是否成功读取
    { return -1; }
	///显示读入的图像
	imshow(winname,src);

	///将原图像分割成三个单通道图像
	vector
     
     
      
       rgb_planes; //图像数组

	//给定图像中的某个矩形区域
	Rect roi(0,0,src.cols,src.rows);
	dst = src(roi);//提取矩形区域中的图像块
	split(dst,rgb_planes);//split函数将三通道图像分割成单通道图像
	 
	//设定直方图中bin的数目
	int histSize = 128;
	//设定取值范围
	float range[] = {0,256};//R、G、B三个特征的范围都是0到255
	const float* histRange = {range};  
	bool uniform = true; bool accumulate = false;//均匀分布，无累加

    Mat r_hist, g_hist, b_hist; //直方图

	///计算直方图
	calcHist(&rgb_planes[0],1,0,Mat(),r_hist,1,&histSize,&histRange,uniform,accumulate);
	calcHist(&rgb_planes[1],1,0,Mat(),g_hist,1,&histSize,&histRange,uniform,accumulate);
	calcHist(&rgb_planes[2],1,0,Mat(),b_hist,1,&histSize,&histRange,uniform,accumulate);
	// 创建直方图画布
   int hist_w = 400; int hist_h = 400;//直方图图像的宽度和高度
   int bin_w = cvRound( (double) hist_w/histSize );//直方图中一个矩形条纹的宽度
   Mat histImage( hist_w, hist_h, CV_8UC3, Scalar( 0,0,0) );//创建画布图像

   /// 将直方图归一化到范围 [ 0, histImage.rows ]
   normalize(r_hist, r_hist, 0, histImage.rows, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );
   normalize(g_hist, g_hist, 0, histImage.rows, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );
   normalize(b_hist, b_hist, 0, histImage.rows, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );
   /// 在直方图画布上画出直方图
   for(int i=1;i<=histSize;i++)
   {
	   //矩形图表示
	   rectangle( histImage,Point((i-1)*bin_w,hist_h),Point(i*bin_w,hist_h-cvRound(r_hist.at
      
      
       
       (i-1))),Scalar(0,0,255),1,8,0);
	   rectangle( histImage,Point((i-1)*bin_w,hist_h),Point(i*bin_w,hist_h-cvRound(g_hist.at
       
       
         (i-1))),Scalar(0,255,0),1,8,0); rectangle( histImage,Point((i-1)*bin_w,hist_h),Point(i*bin_w,hist_h-cvRound(b_hist.at 
        
          (i-1))),Scalar(255,0,0),1,8,0); //折线表示 line( histImage, Point( bin_w*(i-1), hist_h - cvRound(r_hist.at 
         
           (i-1)) ) , Point( bin_w*(i), hist_h - cvRound(r_hist.at 
          
            (i)) ), Scalar( 0, 0, 255), 1, 8, 0 ); line( histImage, Point( bin_w*(i-1), hist_h - cvRound(g_hist.at 
           
             (i-1)) ) , Point( bin_w*(i), hist_h - cvRound(g_hist.at 
            
              (i)) ), Scalar( 0, 255, 0), 1, 8, 0 ); line( histImage, Point( bin_w*(i-1), hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at 
             
               (i-1)) ) , Point( bin_w*(i), hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at 
              
                (i)) ), Scalar( 255, 0, 0), 1, 8, 0 ); } /// 显示直方图 namedWindow("calcHist Demo",0); imshow("calcHist Demo", histImage ); waitKey(0); return 0; }

下面的程序用了inRange函数，生成mask模板将r,g,b值限制在某一个区间内，然后调用calcHist函数

// HistogramCalculate2.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include 
   
   
    
    
#include 
    
    
     
     

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	string filename = "E:\\素材\\flower1.jpg";
	string winname = "MainWindow";
	namedWindow(winname,1);

	Mat src, dst;//声明原始图像和目标图像

	/// 装载图像
    src = imread( filename, 1 );
    if( !src.data ) //判断图像是否成功读取
    { return -1; }
	///显示读入的图像
	imshow(winname,src);
	
	///将原图像分割成三个单通道图像
	vector
     
     
      
       rgb_planes; //图像数组
	split(src,rgb_planes);//split函数将三通道图像分割成单通道图像
	
	//将数值低于min大于max的像素点排除在统计之外
	int r_min = 10,r_max = 256; //红色通道的统计范围
	int g_min = 20,g_max = 256; //绿色通道的统计范围
	int b_min = 30,b_max = 256; //蓝色通道的统计范围
	Mat red_mask,green_mask,blue_mask,mask;
	//调用inRange函数生成掩膜矩阵
	inRange(rgb_planes[0],r_min,r_max,red_mask); 
	//cvtColor(red_mask,mask,CV_GRAY2RGB); imshow("red mask",red_mask);waitKey(0);
	inRange(rgb_planes[1],g_min,g_max,green_mask);
	//cvtColor(green_mask,mask,CV_GRAY2RGB); imshow("green mask",green_mask);waitKey(0);
	inRange(rgb_planes[2],b_min,b_max,blue_mask);
	//cvtColor(blue_mask,mask,CV_GRAY2RGB); imshow("blue mask",blue_mask);waitKey(0);

	//设定直方图中bin的数目
	int histSize = 256;
	//设定取值范围
	float range[] = {0,256};//R、G、B三个特征的范围都是0到255
	const float* histRange = {range};  
	bool uniform = true; bool accumulate = false;//均匀分布，无累加

    Mat r_hist, g_hist, b_hist; //直方图

	///计算直方图
	calcHist(&rgb_planes[0],1,0,red_mask,r_hist,1,&histSize,&histRange,uniform,accumulate);
	calcHist(&rgb_planes[1],1,0,green_mask,g_hist,1,&histSize,&histRange,uniform,accumulate);
	calcHist(&rgb_planes[2],1,0,blue_mask,b_hist,1,&histSize,&histRange,uniform,accumulate);

	// 创建直方图画布
   int hist_w = 400; int hist_h = 400;//直方图图像的宽度和高度
   int bin_w = cvRound( (double) hist_w/histSize );//直方图中一个矩形条纹的宽度
   Mat histImage( hist_w, hist_h, CV_8UC3, Scalar( 0,0,0) );//创建画布图像

   /// 将直方图归一化到范围 [ 0, histImage.rows ]
   normalize(r_hist, r_hist, 0, histImage.rows, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );
   normalize(g_hist, g_hist, 0, histImage.rows, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );
   normalize(b_hist, b_hist, 0, histImage.rows, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );
   /// 在直方图画布上画出直方图
   for(int i=1;i<=histSize;i++)
   {
	   //矩形图表示
	   /*rectangle( histImage,Point((i-1)*bin_w,hist_h),Point(i*bin_w,hist_h-cvRound(r_hist.at
      
      
       
       (i-1))),Scalar(0,0,255),1,8,0);
	   rectangle( histImage,Point((i-1)*bin_w,hist_h),Point(i*bin_w,hist_h-cvRound(g_hist.at
       
       
         (i-1))),Scalar(0,255,0),1,8,0); rectangle( histImage,Point((i-1)*bin_w,hist_h),Point(i*bin_w,hist_h-cvRound(b_hist.at 
        
          (i-1))),Scalar(255,0,0),1,8,0);*/ //折线表示 line( histImage, Point( bin_w*(i-1), hist_h - cvRound(r_hist.at 
         
           (i-1)) ) , Point( bin_w*(i), hist_h - cvRound(r_hist.at 
          
            (i)) ), Scalar( 0, 0, 255), 1, 8, 0 ); line( histImage, Point( bin_w*(i-1), hist_h - cvRound(g_hist.at 
           
             (i-1)) ) , Point( bin_w*(i), hist_h - cvRound(g_hist.at 
            
              (i)) ), Scalar( 0, 255, 0), 1, 8, 0 ); line( histImage, Point( bin_w*(i-1), hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at 
             
               (i-1)) ) , Point( bin_w*(i), hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at 
              
                (i)) ), Scalar( 255, 0, 0), 1, 8, 0 ); } /// 显示直方图 namedWindow("calcHist Demo",0); imshow("calcHist Demo", histImage ); waitKey(0); return 0; }

运行结果：

由于代码段

 
 
  
  	//将数值低于min大于max的像素点排除在统计之外
 
 
 
 	
  
  int 
  
  r_min 
  
  = 
  
  10
  
  ,
  
  r_max 
  
  = 
  
  256
  
  ; 
  
  //红色通道的统计范围
 
 
 
 	
  
  int 
  
  g_min 
  
  = 
  
  20
  
  ,
  
  g_max 
  
  = 
  
  256
  
  ; 
  
  //绿色通道的统计范围
 
 
 
 	
  
  int 
  
  b_min 
  
  = 
  
  30
  
  ,
  
  b_max 
  
  = 
  
  256
  
  ; 
  
  //蓝色通道的统计范围
 
 
 
 	
  
  Mat 
  
  red_mask
  
  ,
  
  green_mask
  
  ,
  
  blue_mask
  
  ,
  
  mask
  
  ;
 
 
 
 	
  
  //调用inRange函数生成掩膜矩阵
 
 
 
 	
  
  inRange
  
  (
  
  rgb_planes
  
  [
  
  0
  
  ],
  
  r_min
  
  ,
  
  r_max
  
  ,
  
  red_mask
  
  ); 
 
 
 
 	
  
  //cvtColor(red_mask,mask,CV_GRAY2RGB); imshow("red mask",red_mask);waitKey(0);
 
 
 
 	
  
  inRange
  
  (
  
  rgb_planes
  
  [
  
  1
  
  ],
  
  g_min
  
  ,
  
  g_max
  
  ,
  
  green_mask
  
  );
 
 
 
 	
  
  //cvtColor(green_mask,mask,CV_GRAY2RGB); imshow("green mask",green_mask);waitKey(0);
 
 
 
 	
  
  inRange
  
  (
  
  rgb_planes
  
  [
  
  2
  
  ],
  
  b_min
  
  ,
  
  b_max
  
  ,
  
  blue_mask
  
  );
 
 
 
 	
  
  //cvtColor(blue_mask,mask,CV_GRAY2RGB); imshow("blue mask",blue_mask);waitKey(0);

的作用，使得RGB各个通道的直方图起始位置各不相同

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OpenCV 计算图像一维直方图

// HistogramCalculate.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。//计算给定图像区域的直方图#include "stdafx.h"#include #include using namespace std;using namespace cv;int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]){s
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