RabbitMQ学习之spring-amqp的重要类的认识

 对于大多数应用来说都做了与spring整合，对于rabbitmq来说。也有与spring的整合。可能通过spring的官网找到spring-amqp项目下载。spring-amqp项目包括三个子项目：spring-amqp、spring-erlang、spring-rabbit.

   下面来认识一下spring-amqp中的几个重要类；以spring-amqp-1.0.0.M3版本为例

    1、Message : Spring AMQP定义的Message类是AMQP域模型中代表之一。Message类封装了body(消息BODY)和properties（消息属性） 。使得这个API看起来很简单。Message类定义如下：

public class Message {  
    private final MessageProperties messageProperties;  
  
    private final byte[] body;  

    public Message(byte[] body, MessageProperties messageProperties) {  
        this.body = body;  
        this.messageProperties = messageProperties;  
    }  

    public byte[] getBody() {  
        return this.body;  
    }  
  
    public MessageProperties getMessageProperties() {  
        return this.messageProperties;  
    }  

    }  

其中MessageProperties类中定义了例如messageId、timestamp、contentType等属性。这此属性可以扩展到用户通过setHeader(String key, Object value)方法来自定义“headers”。

 2、Exchange
      Exchange接口代表一个AMQP的Exchange，决定消息生产者发送消息。每个Exchange都包括一个特定的唯一名字的虚拟主机的代理和一些其他属性。

public interface Exchange {  
  
    String getName();  
  
    String getType();  
  
    boolean isDurable();  
  
    boolean isAutoDelete();  
  
    Map<String, Object> getArguments();  
  
}  

其中 AbstractExchange类实现了Exchange类。而DirectExchange、TopicExchange、FanoutExchang、HeadersExchange四个类继承AbstractExchange。并重写了getType()类。根据各自相对应的Exchange类型。DirectExchange、TopicExchange、FanoutExchang、HeadersExchange分别对应的类型为direct,topic,fanout,headers.

 3、Queue
 Queue类是消息消费者接收消息中重要的一个组成部分。通过与Exchange判定来肯定消费者所接收的消息。伪代码如下：

public class Queue {  
	private final String name;  
	private volatile boolean durable;  
	private volatile boolean exclusive;  
	private volatile boolean autoDelete;  
	private volatile Map<String, Object> arguments;  
	public Queue(String name) {  
	this.name = name;  
}  

其中name表示队列的名称、durable表示持久性。true表示是。exclusive表示独占性。由于在AmqpTemplate中提供一个方法来得到唯一的队列。这个队列可能是一个”reply-to“地址或者其他信息，因此一般exclusive和autoDelete一般设定为true.

4、Binding
     Bingding类通过多种构造参数来判定Exchange,Queue,routingkey;例如

Binding(Queue queue, FanoutExchange exchange) 
Binding(Queue queue, HeadersExchange exchange, Map<String, Object> arguments)  
Binding(Queue queue, DirectExchange exchange)  
Binding(Queue queue, DirectExchange exchange, String routingKey)   
Binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange, String routingKey) 

5、AmqpTemplate
AmqpTemplate是用来发送消息的模板类 

/**
 * Specifies a basic set of AMQP operations.
 * 
 * Provides synchronous send and receive methods. The {@link #convertAndSend(Object)} and {@link #receiveAndConvert()}
 * methods allow let you send and receive POJO objects. Implementations are expected to delegate to an instance of
 * {@link MessageConverter} to perform conversion to and from AMQP byte[] payload type.
 * 
 * @author Mark Pollack
 * @author Mark Fisher
 */
public interface AmqpTemplate {

	// send methods for messages

	/**
	 * Send a message to a default exchange with a default routing key.
	 * 
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	void send(Message message) throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Send a message to a default exchange with a specific routing key.
	 * 
	 * @param routingKey the routing key
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	void send(String routingKey, Message message) throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Send a message to a specific exchange with a specific routing key.
	 * 
	 * @param exchange the name of the exchange
	 * @param routingKey the routing key
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	void send(String exchange, String routingKey, Message message) throws AmqpException;

	// send methods with conversion

	/**
	 * Convert a Java object to an Amqp {@link Message} and send it to a default exchange with a default routing key.
	 * 
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	void convertAndSend(Object message) throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Convert a Java object to an Amqp {@link Message} and send it to a default exchange with a specific routing key.
	 * 
	 * @param routingKey the routing key
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	void convertAndSend(String routingKey, Object message) throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Convert a Java object to an Amqp {@link Message} and send it to a specific exchange with a specific routing key.
	 * 
	 * @param exchange the name of the exchange
	 * @param routingKey the routing key
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	void convertAndSend(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message) throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Convert a Java object to an Amqp {@link Message} and send it to a default exchange with a default routing key.
	 * 
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @param messagePostProcessor a processor to apply to the message before it is sent
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	void convertAndSend(Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor) throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Convert a Java object to an Amqp {@link Message} and send it to a default exchange with a specific routing key.
	 * 
	 * @param routingKey the routing key
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @param messagePostProcessor a processor to apply to the message before it is sent
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	void convertAndSend(String routingKey, Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor)
			throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Convert a Java object to an Amqp {@link Message} and send it to a specific exchange with a specific routing key.
	 * 
	 * @param exchange the name of the exchange
	 * @param routingKey the routing key
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @param messagePostProcessor a processor to apply to the message before it is sent
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	void convertAndSend(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor)
			throws AmqpException;

	// receive methods for messages

	/**
	 * Receive a message if there is one from a default queue. Returns immediately, possibly with a null value.
	 * 
	 * @return a message or null if there is none waiting
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	Message receive() throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Receive a message if there is one from a specific queue. Returns immediately, possibly with a null value.
	 * 
	 * @param queueName the name of the queue to poll
	 * @return a message or null if there is none waiting
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	Message receive(String queueName) throws AmqpException;

	// receive methods with conversion

	/**
	 * Receive a message if there is one from a default queue and convert it to a Java object. Returns immediately,
	 * possibly with a null value.
	 * 
	 * @return a message or null if there is none waiting
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	Object receiveAndConvert() throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Receive a message if there is one from a specific queue and convert it to a Java object. Returns immediately,
	 * possibly with a null value.
	 * 
	 * @param queueName the name of the queue to poll
	 * @return a message or null if there is none waiting
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	Object receiveAndConvert(String queueName) throws AmqpException;

	// send and receive methods for messages

	/**
	 * Basic RPC pattern. Send a message to a default exchange with a default routing key and attempt to receive a
	 * response. Implementations will normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time
	 * limited by a timeout.
	 * 
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @return the response if there is one
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	Message sendAndReceive(Message message) throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Basic RPC pattern. Send a message to a default exchange with a specific routing key and attempt to receive a
	 * response. Implementations will normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time
	 * limited by a timeout.
	 * 
	 * @param routingKey the routing key
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @return the response if there is one
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	Message sendAndReceive(String routingKey, Message message) throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Basic RPC pattern. Send a message to a specific exchange with a specific routing key and attempt to receive a
	 * response. Implementations will normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time
	 * limited by a timeout.
	 * 
	 * @param exchange the name of the exchange
	 * @param routingKey the routing key
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @return the response if there is one
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	Message sendAndReceive(String exchange, String routingKey, Message message) throws AmqpException;

	// send and receive methods with conversion

	/**
	 * Basic RPC pattern with conversion. Send a Java object converted to a message to a default exchange with a default
	 * routing key and attempt to receive a response, converting that to a Java object. Implementations will normally
	 * set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time limited by a timeout.
	 * 
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @return the response if there is one
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	Object convertSendAndReceive(Object message) throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Basic RPC pattern with conversion. Send a Java object converted to a message to a default exchange with a
	 * specific routing key and attempt to receive a response, converting that to a Java object. Implementations will
	 * normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time limited by a timeout.
	 * 
	 * @param routingKey the routing key
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @return the response if there is one
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	Object convertSendAndReceive(String routingKey, Object message) throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Basic RPC pattern with conversion. Send a Java object converted to a message to a specific exchange with a
	 * specific routing key and attempt to receive a response, converting that to a Java object. Implementations will
	 * normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time limited by a timeout.
	 * 
	 * @param exchange the name of the exchange
	 * @param routingKey the routing key
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @return the response if there is one
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	Object convertSendAndReceive(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message) throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Basic RPC pattern with conversion. Send a Java object converted to a message to a default exchange with a default
	 * routing key and attempt to receive a response, converting that to a Java object. Implementations will normally
	 * set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time limited by a timeout.
	 * 
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @param messagePostProcessor a processor to apply to the message before it is sent
	 * @return the response if there is one
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	Object convertSendAndReceive(Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor) throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Basic RPC pattern with conversion. Send a Java object converted to a message to a default exchange with a
	 * specific routing key and attempt to receive a response, converting that to a Java object. Implementations will
	 * normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time limited by a timeout.
	 * 
	 * @param routingKey the routing key
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @param messagePostProcessor a processor to apply to the message before it is sent
	 * @return the response if there is one
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	Object convertSendAndReceive(String routingKey, Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor) throws AmqpException;

	/**
	 * Basic RPC pattern with conversion. Send a Java object converted to a message to a specific exchange with a
	 * specific routing key and attempt to receive a response, converting that to a Java object. Implementations will
	 * normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time limited by a timeout.
	 * 
	 * @param exchange the name of the exchange
	 * @param routingKey the routing key
	 * @param message a message to send
	 * @param messagePostProcessor a processor to apply to the message before it is sent
	 * @return the response if there is one
	 * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
	 */
	Object convertSendAndReceive(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor) throws AmqpException;
}

 6、AmqpAdmin和RabbitAdmin
   用户配置Queue、Exchange、Binding的代理类。代理类会自动声明或创建这些配置信息。
下面这个类用于异步接收消息的处理类
  7、MessageConverter 消息转换器类

 8、SimpleMessageListenerContainer 监听消息容器类

spring-amqp:

http://projects.spring.io/spring-amqp/

https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-amqp-samples

转载： http://wubin850219.iteye.com/blog/1050251