在我们正常的Android蓝牙功能开发步骤中,一般要经过系统权限和蓝牙开关状态监测、设备扫描、设备连接、蓝牙数据通信这几个过程。
在Android 4.3系统之后,我们可以使用蓝牙4.0(低功耗蓝牙),它最主要的特点是低功耗,普及率高。现在所说的蓝牙设备,大部分都是在说4.0设备,ble也特指4.0设备。 在4.0之前重要的版本有2.1版本-基本速率/增强数据率(BR/EDR)和3.0 高速蓝牙版本,这些统称为经典蓝牙。
如果想让支持低功耗蓝牙的设备使用蓝牙4.0,我们可以通过如下代码去监测
// AndroidManifest.xml
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="false"/>
if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
权限监测
首先我们必须要给予应用相应的蓝牙权限。
//需要此权限来执行任何蓝牙通信,如请求一个连接、接受一个连接和传输数据。
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
//如果你想让你的应用启动设备发现或操纵蓝牙设置,必须申报bluetooth_admin许可
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
然后在程序启动时监测当前设备是否已经打开蓝牙,若没打开则跳转到系统蓝牙功能开关界面选择开启蓝牙
// If BT is not on, request that it be enabled.
// setupChat() will then be called during onActivityResult
if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
// Otherwise, setup the chat session
} else if (mChatService == null) {
setupChat();
}
在onActivityResult中捕获
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
switch (requestCode) {
case REQUEST_ENABLE_BT:
// When the request to enable Bluetooth returns
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
// Bluetooth is now enabled, so set up a chat session
setupChat();
} else {
// User did not enable Bluetooth or an error occurred
Log.d(TAG, "BT not enabled");
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), R.string.bt_not_enabled_leaving,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
getActivity().finish();
}
}
}
设备扫描
我们只需要调用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法,便开始搜索附近的其他蓝牙设备,
/**
* Start device discover with the BluetoothAdapter
*/
private void doDiscovery() {
// If we're already discovering, stop it
if (mBtAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
}
// Request discover from BluetoothAdapter
mBtAdapter.startDiscovery();
}
之后,如果搜索到一个蓝牙设备,系统就是发出一个广播,我们可以对它进行接收并且进行相应的处理:
// Register for broadcasts when a device is discovered
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
this.registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
// Register for broadcasts when discovery has finished
filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
this.registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
/**
* The BroadcastReceiver that listens for discovered devices and changes the title when
* discovery is finished
*/
private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
// When discovery finds a device
if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
// Get the BluetoothDevice object from the Intent
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
// If it's already paired, skip it, because it's been listed already
if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
}
// When discovery is finished, change the Activity title
} else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {
setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false);
setTitle(R.string.select_device);
if (mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.getCount() == 0) {
//do something here after finished discovery
}
}
}
};
连接
在搜索到的其它设备里选择一个需要连接通信的设备,传入设备的地址,调用getRemoteDevice方法去获得一个BluetoothDevice 实例,然后开辟一个子线程用于建立连接,
private void connectDevice(Intent data, boolean secure) {
// Get the device MAC address
String address = data.getExtras()
.getString(DeviceListActivity.EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS);
// Get the BluetoothDevice object
BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
// Attempt to connect to the device
mChatService.connect(device, secu