1.问题:实现一个函数,把字符串中的每个空格替换成"%20".例如 输入"We are happy.",则输出"We%20are%20happy."(特别在网络编程中这样的问题很常见)
书中采用从后往前把字符串替换成"%20",时间复杂度为O(n)的时间算法:
// ReplaceBlank.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
// 《剑指Offer——名企面试官精讲典型编程题》代码
// 著作权所有者:何海涛
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <string>
/*替换函数 length 为字符数组string的总容量*/
void ReplaceBlank(char string[], int length)
{
if(string == NULL && length <= 0)
return;
/*originalLength 为字符串string的实际长度*/
int originalLength = 0;
int numberOfBlank = 0;
int i = 0;
while(string[i] != '\0')
{
++ originalLength;
if(string[i] == ' ')
++ numberOfBlank;
++ i;
}
/*newLength 为把空格替换成'%20'之后的长度*/
int newLength = originalLength + numberOfBlank * 2;
if(newLength > length)
return;
int indexOfOriginal = originalLength;
int indexOfNew = newLength;
while(indexOfOriginal >= 0 && indexOfNew > indexOfOriginal)
{
if(string[indexOfOriginal] == ' ')
{
//将空格替换成%20 (ASCII码)
string[indexOfNew --] = '0';
string[indexOfNew --] = '2';
string[indexOfNew --] = '%';
}
else
{
string[indexOfNew --] = string[indexOfOriginal];
}
-- indexOfOriginal;
}
}
//测试函数统一入口,与希望测试的结果进行对比
void Test(char* testName, char string[], int length, char expected[])
{
if(testName != NULL)
printf("%s begins: ", testName);
ReplaceBlank(string, length);
if(expected == NULL && string == NULL)
printf("passed.\n");
else if(expected == NULL && string != NULL)
printf("failed.\n");
else if(strcmp(string, expected) == 0)
printf("passed.\n");
else
printf("failed.\n");
}
// 空格在句子中间
void Test1()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = "hello world";
Test("Test1:空格在句子中间", string, length, "hello%20world");
}
// 空格在句子开头
void Test2()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = " helloworld";
Test("Test2 空格在句子开头", string, length, "%20helloworld");
}
// 空格在句子末尾
void Test3()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = "helloworld ";
Test("Test3空格在句子末尾", string, length, "helloworld%20");
}
// 连续有两个空格
void Test4()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = "hello world";
Test("Test4连续有两个空格", string, length, "hello%20%20world");
}
// 传入NULL
void Test5()
{
Test("Test5传入NULL", NULL, 0, NULL);
}
// 传入内容为空的字符串
void Test6()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = "";
Test("Test6传入内容为空的字符串", string, length, "");
}
//传入内容为一个空格的字符串
void Test7()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = " ";
Test("Test7传入内容为一个空格的字符串", string, length, "%20");
}
// 传入的字符串没有空格
void Test8()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = "helloworld";
Test("Test8传入的字符串没有空格", string, length, "helloworld");
}
// 传入的字符串全是空格
void Test9()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = " ";
Test("Test9传入的字符串全是空格", string, length, "%20%20%20");
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
Test1(); //空格在句子中间
Test2(); //空格在句子开头
Test3(); //空格在句子末尾
Test4(); //连续有两个空格
Test5(); //传入NULL
Test6(); //传入内容为空的字符串
Test7(); //传入内容为一个空格的字符串
Test8(); // 传入的字符串没有空格
Test9(); //传入的字符串全是空格
return 0;
}