定时器和PWM应用编程


前言

STM32定时器是一种内部计数器,它可以附加到计时器输入捕获输入或定时器输出比较输出。它由一个定时器引脚和一个或多个相应的计时器输入捕获引脚组成。

STM32定时器的工作原理如下:计时器开始计数,当计时器到达设定值时,产生定时器中断。如果定时器附加到计时器输入捕获输入,它将读取计时器计数器的当前值并进行后续处理。如果定时器附加到定时器输出比较输出,则它将被用于控制某些外设或执行其他操作。
STM32定时器有多种工作模式,包括普通定时模式、输入捕获模式、PWM输出模式等。每个模式都有不同的工作原理和应用场景。在使用STM32定时器时,需要根据具体的应用要求选择适当的模式和配置定时器参数。

一、定时器

STM32CubeMX

1、SYS配置

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2、RCC配置

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3、GPIO配置

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4、定时器配置

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5、NVIC配置

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6、Code generation 配置

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8、时钟配置

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9、USART配置

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10、Project配置

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11、Code Generator设置

在这里插入图片描述
生成工程。

通过KEil配置代码

1、打开main.c

重写中断处理函数:

在这里插入图片描述

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
	static uint32_t time_cnt =0;
	static uint32_t time_cntck =0;
	if(htim->Instance == TIM2)
	{
		if(++time_cnt >= 400)
		{
			time_cnt =0;
			HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(D1_GPIO_Port,D1_Pin);
		}
	}
	if(htim->Instance == TIM3)
	{
		if(++time_cntck >= 1000)
		{
			time_cntck =0;
    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,hello,20,100000);
		}	
	}
}
/* USER CODE END 4 */
完整代码
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_NVIC_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
  uint8_t hello[20]="hello windows!\r\n";
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM2_Init();
  MX_TIM3_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();

  /* Initialize interrupts */
  MX_NVIC_Init();
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim2);
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim3);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/**
  * @brief NVIC Configuration.
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_NVIC_Init(void)
{
  /* TIM2_IRQn interrupt configuration */
  HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM2_IRQn, 0, 0);
  HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM2_IRQn);
  /* TIM3_IRQn interrupt configuration */
  HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM3_IRQn, 0, 0);
  HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM3_IRQn);
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
	static uint32_t time_cnt =0;
	static uint32_t time_cntck =0;
	if(htim->Instance == TIM2)
	{
		if(++time_cnt >= 400)
		{
			time_cnt =0;
			HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(D1_GPIO_Port,D1_Pin);
		}
	}
	if(htim->Instance == TIM3)
	{
		if(++time_cntck >= 1000)
		{
			time_cntck =0;
    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,hello,20,100000);
		}
			
	}
}

/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

2、编译程序

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3、烧录

在这里插入图片描述

4、效果展示

LED闪烁

二、PWM呼吸灯

STM32CubeMX

1、SYS配置

在这里插入图片描述

2、RCC配置

在这里插入图片描述

3、GPIO配置

在这里插入图片描述

4、定时器配置

在这里插入图片描述

5、NVIC配置

在这里插入图片描述

6、Code generation 配置

在这里插入图片描述

7、USART配置

在这里插入图片描述

8、时钟配置

在这里插入图片描述

9、Project设置

在这里插入图片描述

10、Code Generator

在这里插入图片描述
生成工程。

通过KEil配置代码

1、打开main.c

int main里的while循环中添加代码:

在这里插入图片描述

  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
		HAL_Delay(50);
		duty_num = duty_num + 15;
		if(duty_num > 500)
		{
			duty_num = 0;
		}
		__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_2,duty_num);
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
完整代码
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file           : main.c
* @brief          : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */
uint16_t duty_num = 10;
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_NVIC_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
* @brief  The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

/* USER CODE END 1 */

/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();

/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

/* USER CODE END Init */

/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();

/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

/* USER CODE END SysInit */

/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_TIM2_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();

/* Initialize interrupts */
MX_NVIC_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_2);
/* USER CODE END 2 */

/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
  /* USER CODE END WHILE */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  	HAL_Delay(50);
  	duty_num = duty_num + 15;
  	if(duty_num > 500)
  	{
  		duty_num = 0;
  	}
  	__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_2,duty_num);
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
  Error_Handler();
}

/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                            |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
  Error_Handler();
}
}

/**
* @brief NVIC Configuration.
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_NVIC_Init(void)
{
/* TIM2_IRQn interrupt configuration */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM2_IRQn, 0, 0);
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM2_IRQn);
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
* @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
*         where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param  file: pointer to the source file name
* @param  line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
   ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

3、编译烧录

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

4、效果展示

呼吸灯

5、使用Keil虚拟示波器观察 pwm 输出波形

在这里插入图片描述

总结

这个实验中,我学会了如何使用定时器和PWM来控制LED,如何设置定时器和PWM的参数和模式,如何编写定时器和PWM的中断处理函数和主函数,如何调试和优化定时器和PWM的程序,以及如何应用定时器和PWM来实现更复杂的功能和应用。

参考

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_52764373/article/details/127602537

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