实验3 函数与代码复用

目的：理解函数封装与递归思想
实验任务：

1. 基础 ：编写函数cal_factorial(n)计算阶乘（循环实现）。

def cal_factorial(n):
    """
    循环实现阶乘计算
    :param n: 非负整数
    :return: n的阶乘
    """
    if n < 0:
        raise ValueError("n必须为非负整数")
    result = 1
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        result *= i
    return result


# 示例调用
if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        num = int(input("请输入一个非负整数来计算其阶乘: "))
        print(f"{num}的阶乘为: {cal_factorial(num)}")
    except ValueError as e:
        if "invalid literal" in str(e):
            print("输入错误，请输入一个有效的非负整数。")
        else:
            print(f"计算错误: {e}")

运行结果：

2. 进阶 ：用递归实现斐波那契数列（考虑添加缓存优化）。

def fibonacci_cache(n, cache=None):
    """
    带手动缓存的递归斐波那契数列计算
    :param n: 数列索引(0开始)
    :param cache: 缓存字典(内部使用)
    :return: 第n项斐波那契数
    """
    if cache is None:
        cache = {}
    if n in cache:
        return cache[n]
    if n <= 1:
        result = n
    else:
        result = fibonacci_cache(n - 1, cache) + fibonacci_cache(n - 2, cache)
    cache[n] = result
    return result


# 示例调用
if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        index = int(input("请输入一个非负整数来计算斐波那契数列的对应项: "))
        if index < 0:
            raise ValueError("输入必须为非负整数")
        print(f"第{index}项斐波那契数为: {fibonacci_cache(index)}")
    except ValueError as e:
        if "invalid literal" in str(e):
            print("输入错误，请输入一个有效的非负整数。")
        else:
            print(f"计算错误: {e}")

运行结果：

3. 拓展 ：科赫曲线正向、反向绘制，加入绘制速度、绘制颜色等额外功能

import turtle


def koch_curve(turtle_obj, length, order, color, speed):
    """
    绘制科赫曲线
    :param turtle_obj: 海龟绘图对象
    :param length: 线段长度
    :param order: 递归阶数
    :param color: 绘制颜色
    :param speed: 绘制速度(1-10)
    """
    turtle_obj.speed(speed)
    turtle_obj.color(color)
    if order == 0:
        turtle_obj.forward(length)
    else:
        koch_curve(turtle_obj, length / 3, order - 1, color, speed)
        turtle_obj.left(60)
        koch_curve(turtle_obj, length / 3, order - 1, color, speed)
        turtle_obj.right(120)
        koch_curve(turtle_obj, length / 3, order - 1, color, speed)
        turtle_obj.left(60)
        koch_curve(turtle_obj, length / 3, order - 1, color, speed)


def draw_koch_snowflake():
    screen = turtle.Screen()
    screen.title("科赫雪花曲线绘制")

    t = turtle.Turtle()
    # 固定参数绘制，也可按需调整
    color = "black"
    speed = 10
    order = 4
    length = 200

    for _ in range(3):
        koch_curve(t, length, order, color, speed)
        t.right(120)

    screen.exitonclick()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    draw_koch_snowflake()

运行结果：

提示 ：递归函数需注意终止条件，避免栈溢出