C++中string非成员函数重载

目录

1.operator+ 组合字符串

2.relational operators 关系运算判断

3.swap 交换字符串

4.operator>> 输入

5.operator<< 输出

6.getline 输入

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1.operator+ 组合字符串

string (1)	string operator+ (const string& lhs, const string& rhs);
c-string (2)	string operator+ (const string& lhs, const char* rhs); string operator+ (const char* lhs, const string& rhs);
character (3)	string operator+ (const string& lhs, char rhs); string operator+ (char lhs, const string& rhs);

 1.string operator+ (const string& lhs, const string& rhs) 组合对象lhs和rhs

2.string operator+ (const string& lhs, const char* rhs) 组合对象lhs和字符串rhs

string operator+ (const char* lhs, const string& rhs) 组合字符串lhs和对象rhs

3.string operator+ (const string& lhs, char rhs) 组合对象lhs和字符rhs

string operator+ (char lhs, const string& rhs) 组合字符lhs和对象rhs

string str1("hello ");
string str2("bit ");
char s[] = "world ";
char c = '!';
string ret1, ret2, ret3, ret4, ret5, ret6;
ret1 = str1 + str2;//hello bit
ret2 = str2 + str1;//bit hello       
ret3 = str1 + s;//hello world
ret4 = s + str1;//world hello
ret5 = str1 + c;//hello !
ret6 = c + str1;//!hello

2.relational operators 关系运算判断

(1)	bool operator== (const string& lhs, const string& rhs); bool operator== (const char* lhs, const string& rhs); bool operator== (const string& lhs, const char* rhs);
(2)	bool operator!= (const string& lhs, const string& rhs); bool operator!= (const char* lhs, const string& rhs); bool operator!= (const string& lhs, const char* rhs);
(3)	bool operator< (const string& lhs, const string& rhs); bool operator< (const char* lhs, const string& rhs); bool operator< (const string& lhs, const char* rhs);
(4)	bool operator<= (const string& lhs, const string& rhs); bool operator<= (const char* lhs, const string& rhs); bool operator<= (const string& lhs, const char* rhs);
(5)	bool operator> (const string& lhs, const string& rhs); bool operator> (const char* lhs, const string& rhs); bool operator> (const string& lhs, const char* rhs);
(6)	bool operator>= (const string& lhs, const string& rhs); bool operator>= (const char* lhs, const string& rhs); bool operator>= (const string& lhs, const char* rhs);

3.swap 交换字符串

void swap (string& x, string& y) 交换对象x和对象y

string str1("hello");
string str2("bit");
cout << "begin: str1: " << str1 << " str2: " << str2 << endl;
swap(str1, str2);
cout << "last: str1: " << str1 << " str2: " << str2 << endl;
//begin: str1: hello str2 : bit
//last : str1: bit str2 : hello

4.operator>> 输入

istream& operator>> (istream& is, string& str)

cin输入以空字符结尾，作为一次输入

5.operator<< 输出

ostream& operator<< (ostream& os, const string& str)

6.getline 输入

(1)	istream& getline (istream& is, string& str, char delim);
(2)	istream& getline (istream& is, string& str);

1.istream& getline (istream& is, string str, char delim) 向对象str中输入内容，delim为手动设置的结束标志

2.istream& getline (istream& is, string str) 向对象str中输入内容，默认结束标志为换行符（回车）

getline可以解决cin不能读取空格字符的缺陷

string str;
getline(cin, str);//输入123 456
cout << str << endl;//输出123 456
getline(cin, str2, '#');//输入123#456
cout << str2 << endl;//输出123