Linux基础 - 服务管理（systemd）_linux systemd

systemctl kill unit #杀死unit的所有进程

systemctl reload unit #重新加载unit的配置文件

systemctl daemon-reload #重新加载所有修改过的配置文件

2）实例

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl start httpd

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl status httpd

● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server

   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)

   Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-10-23 21:08:08 CST; 1min 2s ago

     Docs: man:httpd(8)

           man:apachectl(8)

 Main PID: 110860 (httpd)

   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"

    Tasks: 6

   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service

           ├─110860 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

           ├─110861 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

           ├─110862 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

           ├─110863 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

           ├─110864 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

           └─110865 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND



Oct 23 21:08:08 wangwu systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...

Oct 23 21:08:08 wangwu httpd[110860]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably d...ge

Oct 23 21:08:08 wangwu systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

注：

Loaded行：配置文件的位置，是否设为开机启动

Active行：表示正在运行

Main PID行：主进程ID

Status行：由应用本身提供的软件当前状态

CGroup块：应用的所有子进程

日志块：应用的日志

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl stop httpd

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl status httpd

● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server

   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)

   Active: inactive (dead)

     Docs: man:httpd(8)

           man:apachectl(8)



Sep 29 17:45:02 wangwu systemd[1]: Unit httpd.service cannot be reloaded b...e.

Oct 23 21:08:08 wangwu systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...

Oct 23 21:08:08 wangwu httpd[110860]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably d...ge

Oct 23 21:08:08 wangwu systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

Oct 23 21:24:02 wangwu httpd[116627]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably d...ge

Oct 23 21:24:02 wangwu systemd[1]: Reloaded The Apache HTTP Server.

Oct 23 21:24:09 wangwu systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server...

Oct 23 21:24:10 wangwu systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server.

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl restart httpd

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl enable httpd

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.


[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd


[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl is-enabled httpd

enabled

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl disable httpd

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service.

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl is-enabled httpd

disabled

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl kill httpd


[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl reload httpd


[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

4、系统管理（请勿轻易尝试）

systemctl reboot #重启系统

systemctl poweroff #退出系统并关闭电源

systemctl halt #CPU停止工作

systemctl suspend #挂起系统

systemctl hibernate #系统休眠

systemctl hybrid-sleep #系统休眠并挂起：

5、查看系统服务

1）命令

systemctl -t service #查看活动的系统服务

systemctl -t service --all #列出所有系统服务(包括不活跃的)

2）实例

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl -t service

UNIT                        LOAD   ACTIVE SUB     DESCRIPTION

abrt-ccpp.service           loaded active exited  Install ABRT coredump hook

注：

UNIT  #单元

LOA #是否存在

ACTIVE  #是否激活

SUB #状态

DESCRIPTION #描述

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl -t service --all

  UNIT                       LOAD      ACTIVE   SUB     DESCRIPTION

● apparmor.service           not-found inactive dead    apparmor.service

6、运行级别

1）级别划分

系统的运行级别，分为七个级别，每种运行级别代表特定的操作模式，分别用数字0-6表示。

RHEL5、6	RHEL7
级别	含义
0	关机
1	单用户模式
2	不完全的命令行模式，不包含NFS
3	完全命令行模式，标准字符界面
4	系统保留
5	图形模式
6	重启

2）常见命令（谨慎使用）

systemctl -t target #查看可用运行级别

systemctl isolate multi-user.target #切换到文本模式

systemctl isolate graphical.target #切换到图形模式

3）实例

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl -t target

UNIT                   LOAD   ACTIVE SUB    DESCRIPTION

basic.target           loaded active active Basic System

cryptsetup.target      loaded active active Local Encrypted Volumes

getty-pre.target       loaded active active Login Prompts (Pre)

getty.target           loaded active active Login Prompts

graphical.target       loaded active active Graphical Interface

local-fs-pre.target    loaded active active Local File Systems (Pre)

local-fs.target        loaded active active Local File Systems

multi-user.target      loaded active active Multi-User System

network-online.target  loaded active active Network is Online

network-pre.target     loaded active active Network (Pre)

network.target         loaded active active Network

nfs-client.target      loaded active active NFS client services

nss-user-lookup.target loaded active active User and Group Name Lookups

paths.target           loaded active active Paths

remote-fs-pre.target   loaded active active Remote File Systems (Pre)

rpc_pipefs.target      loaded active active rpc_pipefs.target

slices.target          loaded active active Slices

sockets.target         loaded active active Sockets

swap.target            loaded active active Swap

sysinit.target         loaded active active System Initialization

timers.target          loaded active active Timers

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl isolate multi-user.target

[root@wangwu ~]# systemctl isolate graphical.target

7、设置默认级别

1）查看默认级别

命令

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