蓝桥杯单片机第六届省赛程序+易错

1.首先看到所需的模块，写出对应的子程序

1.1  数码管模块（不改变的数组可以放在code里面减少内部内存的占用）

/*.h文件*/
#ifndef _SEG_H
#define _SEG_H
#include <stc15f2k60s2.h>
void Seg_Disp(unsigned char wela,dula,point);

#endif


/*.c文件*/
#include <seg.h>

code unsigned char Seg_Wela[] = {0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x80};
code unsigned char Seg_Dula[] = {0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90,0xff,0xbf};//0-9 10-熄灭 11 - 

void Seg_Disp(unsigned char wela,dula,point)
{
	P0 =0xff;
	P2 = P2 & 0x1f | 0xe0;
	P2 &= 0x1f;	
	
	P0 = Seg_Wela[wela];
	P2 = P2 & 0x1f | 0xc0;
	P2 &= 0x1f;
	
	P0 = Seg_Dula[dula];
	if(point)
		P0 &= 0x7f; 
	P2 = P2 & 0x1f | 0xe0;
	P2 &= 0x1f;
}

1.2  Led函数

/*.h文件*/
#ifndef _LED_H
#define _LED_H
#include <stc15f2k60s2.h>
void Led_Disp(unsigned char addr,enable);

#endif

/*.c文件*/
#include <led.h>

void Led_Disp(unsigned char addr,enable)//LED显示函数
{
	static unsigned char temp = 0x00;
	static unsigned char temp_old = 0xff;
  
  if(enable)
	  temp |= (0x01 << addr);
  else
    temp &= ~(0x01 << addr);
  if(temp != temp_old)
	{
    P0 = ~temp;
		P2 = P2 & 0x1f | 0x80;
		P2 &= 0x1f;
		temp_old = temp;
	}		
}

1.3  Key函数（这里使用四个按键，使用的是独立按键）

/*.h文件*/
#ifndef _KEY_H
#define _KEY_H
#include <stc15f2k60s2.h>
unsigned char Key_Read();

#endif

/*.c文件*/
#include <key.h>
unsigned char Key_Read()
{
	unsigned char temp = 0;
	if(P33 == 0) temp = 4;
	if(P32 == 0) temp = 5;
	if(P31 == 0) temp = 6;
	if(P30 == 0) temp = 7;
	return temp;
}

1.4  DS18B20（onewire）

/*.h文件*/

#ifndef _ONEWIRE_H
#define _ONEWIRE_H
void Delay_OneWire(unsigned int t);
void Write_DS18B20(unsigned char dat);
unsigned char Read_DS18B20(void);
bit init_ds18b20(void);
float rd_temperature();


#endif


/*.c文件*/
#include <reg52.h>
#include <onewire.h>
sbit DQ = P1^4;
//
void Delay_OneWire(unsigned int t)  
{
	unsigned char i;
	while(t--){
		for(i=0;i<12;i++);
	}
}

//
void Write_DS18B20(unsigned char dat)
{
	unsigned char i;
	for(i=0;i<8;i++)
	{
		DQ = 0;
		DQ = dat&0x01;
		Delay_OneWire(5);
		DQ = 1;
		dat >>= 1;
	}
	Delay_OneWire(5);
}

//
unsigned char Read_DS18B20(void)
{
	unsigned char i;
	unsigned char dat;
  
	for(i=0;i<8;i++)
	{
		DQ = 0;
		dat >>= 1;
		DQ = 1;
		if(DQ)
		{
			dat |= 0x80;
		}	    
		Delay_OneWire(5);
	}
	return dat;
}

//
bit init_ds18b20(void)
{
  	bit initflag = 0;
  	
  	DQ = 1;
  	Delay_OneWire(12);
  	DQ = 0;
  	Delay_OneWire(80);
  	DQ = 1;
  	Delay_OneWire(10); 
    initflag = DQ;     
  	Delay_OneWire(5);
  
  	return initflag;
}

float rd_temperature()
{
	unsigned char low,high;
	init_ds18b20();
	Write_DS18B20(0xcc);//跳过rom
	Write_DS18B20(0x44);//温度转化
	
	init_ds18b20();
	Write_DS18B20(0xcc);//跳过rom
	Write_DS18B20(0xbe);//读取温度
	
	low = Read_DS18B20();
	high = Read_DS18B20();
	
	return((high << 8) | low) / 16.0;
}

1.5  RTC（DS1302）

/*.h文件*/
#ifndef _DS1302_H
#define _DS1302_H
void Write_Ds1302(unsigned  char temp);
void Write_Ds1302_Byte( unsigned char address,unsigned char dat );
unsigned char Read_Ds1302_Byte ( unsigned char address );
void Ds1302_Set(unsigned char *ucRct);
void Ds1302_Read(unsigned char *ucRct);
#endif

/*.c文件*/
#include <ds1302.h>
#include <reg52.h>
#include <intrins.h>
sbit SCK = P1^7;
sbit SDA = P2^3;
sbit RST = P1^3;
//
void Write_Ds1302(unsigned  char temp) 
{
	unsigned char i;
	for (i=0;i<8;i++)     	
	{ 
		SCK = 0;
		SDA = temp&0x01;
		temp>>=1; 
		SCK=1;
	}
}   

//
void Write_Ds1302_Byte( unsigned char address,unsigned char dat )     
{
 	RST=0;	_nop_();
 	SCK=0;	_nop_();
 	RST=1; 	_nop_();  
 	Write_Ds1302(address);	
 	Write_Ds1302(dat);		
 	RST=0; 
}

//
unsigned char Read_Ds1302_Byte ( unsigned char address )
{
 	unsigned char i,temp=0x00;
 	RST=0;	_nop_();
 	SCK=0;	_nop_();
 	RST=1;	_nop_();
 	Write_Ds1302(address);
 	for (i=0;i<8;i++) 	
 	{		
		SCK=0;
		temp>>=1;	
 		if(SDA)
 		temp|=0x80;	
 		SCK=1;
	} 
 	RST=0;	_nop_();
 	SCK=0;	_nop_();
	SCK=1;	_nop_();
	SDA=0;	_nop_();
	SDA=1;	_nop_();
	return (temp);			
}

void Ds1302_Set(unsigned char *ucRct)
{
	unsigned char i;
	Write_Ds1302_Byte(0x8e,0x00);
	for(i = 0;i < 3;i++)
	   Write_Ds1302_Byte(0x84 - 2*i,ucRct[i]);
	Write_Ds1302_Byte(0x8e,0x80);
}
void Ds1302_Read(unsigned char *ucRct)
{
	unsigned char i;
	for(i = 0;i < 3;i++)
	   ucRct[i] = Read_Ds1302_Byte(0x85 - 2*i);
}

2.主程序部分

/*头文件*/
#include <STC15F2K60S2.H>
#include <Init.h>
#include <Seg.h>
#include <Key.h>
#include <Led.h>
#include <ds1302.h>
#include <onewire.h>

/*变量定义区*/
unsigned char Key_Slow_Down;
unsigned int Seg_Slow_Down;
unsigned char Key_Val,Key_Old,Key_Up,Key_Down;
unsigned char Seg_Buf[8] = {10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10};
unsigned char Seg_Pos;
unsigned char Seg_Point[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
unsigned char ucLed[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
unsigned char ucRct[3] = {0x23,0x59,0x50};
unsigned char Seg_Mode;//0-参数设置界面  1-时钟显示界面 2-温度采集界面
code unsigned char Acquisition_interval[4] = {1,5,30,60};//温度采集间隔
unsigned char Acquisition_interval_disp_index;//温度采集间隔显示指针
unsigned char Acquisition_interval_ctrl_index;//温度采集间隔控制指针
bit Seg_Star_Flag;//0-灭 1-亮
unsigned char tempature_Buf[10];//采集的十个温度
unsigned char tempature_Buf_Index;//温度采集指针
bit Over_Flag;//判断是否采集完毕
unsigned char Sec_Num;
unsigned int Timer_1000Ms;
unsigned char Timer_100Ms;

/*处理函数*/
void Key_Proc()
{
	if(Key_Slow_Down) return;
	Key_Slow_Down = 1;
	
	Key_Val = Key_Read();
	Key_Down = Key_Val & (Key_Old ^ Key_Val);
	Key_Up = ~ Key_Val & (Key_Old ^ Key_Val);
	Key_Old = Key_Val;
  switch(Key_Down)
	{
		case 4:
			if(Seg_Mode == 0)
			{
			 if(++Acquisition_interval_disp_index == 4)
				 Acquisition_interval_disp_index = 0;
		  }
		break;
		case 5:
			if(Seg_Mode == 0)
			{
				 Acquisition_interval_ctrl_index = Acquisition_interval_disp_index;//确认采集间隔
				 Seg_Mode = 1;	
			}				
		break;
		case 6:
			if(Seg_Mode == 2)
			{
			  Over_Flag = 0;//不再进行闪烁
				if(++tempature_Buf_Index == 10)
					tempature_Buf_Index = 0;
			}
		break;
		case 7:
			if(Seg_Mode == 2)
			{
			  Over_Flag = Seg_Mode = tempature_Buf_Index = 0;
				Acquisition_interval_disp_index = Acquisition_interval_ctrl_index;
			}				
		break;
	}


	if(tempature_Buf_Index <= 10)
	{
		if(Sec_Num == Acquisition_interval[Acquisition_interval_ctrl_index])
		{
			Sec_Num = 0;
			tempature_Buf[tempature_Buf_Index] = rd_temperature();
			tempature_Buf_Index++;
		}	  
	}
	else
	{
		 Sec_Num = tempature_Buf_Index =  0;//停止采集并将采集指针归0
		 Seg_Mode = 2;
		 Over_Flag = 1;
	}
}


void Seg_Proc()
{
	unsigned char i;
	if(Seg_Slow_Down) return;
	Seg_Slow_Down = 1;
  Ds1302_Read(ucRct);
	Seg_Star_Flag = ucRct[2] %16%2;
	switch(Seg_Mode)
	{
		case 0:
			for(i=0;i<5;i++)
		   Seg_Buf[i] = 10;
		  Seg_Buf[5] = 11;
		  Seg_Buf[6] = Acquisition_interval[Acquisition_interval_disp_index] /10 %10;
		  Seg_Buf[7] = Acquisition_interval[Acquisition_interval_disp_index]  %10;
		break;
		case 1:
			for(i=0;i<3;i++)
		  {
				Seg_Buf[i*3] = ucRct[i]/16%16;
				Seg_Buf[i*3+1] = ucRct[i]%16;
			}
			Seg_Buf[2] = Seg_Buf[5] = Seg_Star_Flag?11:10;
		break;
		case 2:
			Seg_Buf[0] = 11;
		  Seg_Buf[1] = tempature_Buf_Index /10 %10;
		  Seg_Buf[2] = tempature_Buf_Index  %10;
		  Seg_Buf[3] = Seg_Buf[4] = 10;
		  Seg_Buf[5] = 11;
		  Seg_Buf[6] = tempature_Buf[tempature_Buf_Index]/10%10;
		  Seg_Buf[7] = tempature_Buf[tempature_Buf_Index]%10;
		break;
  	}
	
}



/*显示函数*/
void Led_Proc()
{
	ucLed[0] = Over_Flag&Seg_Star_Flag;
}


/*定时器0初始化函数*/
void Timer0Init(void)		//1ms@12.000MHz
{
	AUXR &= 0x7F;		
	TMOD &= 0xF0;		
	TL0 = 0x18;		
	TH0 = 0xFC;		
	TF0 = 0;		
	TR0 = 1;		
	ET0 = 1;
	EA = 1;
}


/*中断服务函数*/
void Timer0Sever() interrupt 1
{
	if(++Key_Slow_Down == 10) Key_Slow_Down = 0;
	if(++Seg_Slow_Down == 500) Seg_Slow_Down = 0;
	if(++Seg_Pos == 8) Seg_Pos = 0;
	Seg_Disp(Seg_Pos,Seg_Buf[Seg_Pos],Seg_Point[Seg_Pos]);
	Led_Disp(Seg_Pos,ucLed[Seg_Pos]);
	if(Seg_Mode == 1)
	{
		if(++Timer_1000Ms == 1000)
		{
			Timer_1000Ms = 0;
			Sec_Num++;
		}
	}
	else
		Timer_1000Ms = 0;
	if(Over_Flag == 1)//采集完毕
	{
		if(++Timer_100Ms == 100)
		{
			Timer_100Ms = 0;
			Seg_Star_Flag ^= 1;
		}
	}
	else
		Timer_100Ms = 0;
}


/*主函数*/
void main()
{
	System_Init();
	Timer0Init();
	Ds1302_Set(ucRct);
	rd_temperature();
	while(1)
	{
		Key_Proc();
		Seg_Proc();
		Led_Proc();
	}
}

3.易错点分析

3.1

以1s为间隔闪烁，周期应该是2s，需要定义一个Timer_1000Ms来进行闪烁变量改变，但是在这里同时出现1s间隔和时钟，所以可以用时钟来进行闪烁间隔判断，不一定必须使用定时器

Seg_Star_Flag = ucRct[2] %16%2;

3.2

在一个数组在代码运行时不发生改变的时候，可以把它放在code里面防止内存爆满溢出，显示设置可以使用两个指针（显示指针和设置指针）或者使用一个显示变量和一个设置变量，本质上都是从时间间隔这个不变的数组里面取数据

code unsigned char Acquisition_interval[4] = {1,5,30,60};//温度采集间隔
unsigned char Acquisition_interval_disp_index;//温度采集间隔显示指针
unsigned char Acquisition_interval_ctrl_index;//温度采集间隔控制指针

3.3 当在一个模式中只有一个操作时，可以用模式作为条件进行判断，不需要增加判断的变量，可以节省内存，简化代码

	if(Seg_Mode == 1)
	{
		if(++Timer_1000Ms == 1000)
		{
			Timer_1000Ms = 0;
			Sec_Num++;
		}
	}
	else
		Timer_1000Ms = 0;

例如这里，在Seg_Mode = 0时只有一个间隔选择，Seg_Mode = 1时只有一个采集和显示，这些操作只有在这个界面进行，所以可以用Seg_Mode作为判断条件