java读取文件内容到字符串

本文介绍了在Java中将文件内容读取到字符串的两种常见方法:一是利用BufferedReader和Reader类,二是借助FileInputStream。通过这两种方式,可以方便地处理文件内容并将其转换为字符串。
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方法一:使用BuffererReader.继承Reader类

public void fileRead() throws Exception {
        File file = new File("D:\\test.txt");//定义一个file对象,用来初始化FileReader
        FileReader reader = new FileReader(file);//定义一个fileReader对象,用来初始化BufferedReader
        BufferedReader bReader = new BufferedReader(reader);//new一个BufferedReader对象,将文件内容读取到缓存
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();//定义一个字符串缓存,将字符串存放缓存中
        String s = "";
        while ((s =bReader.readLine()) != null) {//逐行读取文件内容,不读取换行符和末尾的空格
            sb.append(s + "\n");//将读取的字符串添加换行符后累加存放在缓存中
            System.out.println(s);
        }
        bReader.close();
        String str = sb.toString();
        System.out.println(str );
    }

方法二: 使用FileInputStream类

private static String getTemplateContent() throws Exception{
    File file = new File("D:\\test.txt");
    if(!file.exists()){
        return null;
    }
    FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
    int length = inputStream.available();
    byte bytes[] = new byte[length];
    inputStream.read(bytes);
    inputStream.close();
    String str =new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    return str ;
}
public static String loadAFileToStringDE1(File f) throws IOException { long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); InputStream is = null; String ret = null; try { is = new BufferedInputStream( new FileInputStream(f) ); long contentLength = f.length(); ByteArrayOutputStream outstream = new ByteArrayOutputStream( contentLength > 0 ? (int) contentLength : 1024); byte[] buffer = new byte[4096]; int len; while ((len = is.read(buffer)) > 0) { outstream.write(buffer, 0, len); } outstream.close(); ret = outstream.toString(); //byte[] ba = outstream.toByteArray(); //ret = new String(ba); } finally { if(is!=null) {try{is.close();} catch(Exception e){} } } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("方法1用时"+ (endTime-beginTime) + "ms"); return ret; } public static String loadAFileToStringDE2(File f) throws IOException { long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); InputStream is = null; String ret = null; try { is = new FileInputStream(f) ; long contentLength = f.length(); byte[] ba = new byte[(int)contentLength]; is.read(ba); ret = new String(ba); } finally { if(is!=null) {try{is.close();} catch(Exception e){} } } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("方法2用时"+ (endTime-beginTime) + "ms"); return ret; } public static String loadAFileToStringDE3(File f) throws IOException { long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); BufferedReader br = null; String ret = null; try { br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f)); String line = null; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer((int)f.length()); while( (line = br.readLine() ) != null ) { sb.append(line).append(LINE_BREAK); } ret = sb.toString(); } finally { if(br!=null) {try{br.close();} catch(Exception e){} } } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("方法3用时"+ (endTime-beginTime) + "ms"); return ret; } 3个方法去读取一个大于50M的文件,当不设置jvm参数时都OutofMemery,当设置-Xmx128M时。只有方法3 可以通过,设置到-Xmx256M时也只有方法3可以通过,干脆设置512M,都可以了,运行时间如果正常的话一般都在4~5S
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