如何用Java实行一个简单的学生管理系统

第一步，先定义一个学生类，将你需要存储的属性写好。

public class Student {

        private String id;
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private String address;

        public Student() {
        }

        public Student(String id, String name, int age, String address) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
            this.address = address;
        }

        public String getId() {
            return id;
        }

        public void setId(String id) {
            this.id = id;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }

        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }

        public String getAddress() {
            return address;
        }

        public void setAddress(String address) {
            this.address = address;
        }
    }

第二步，实现增删查改。

import java.util.*;
public class studentSystem {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<Student> list=new ArrayList<>();
        loop: while (true) {
            System.out.println("------------欢迎来到学生管理系统----------");
            System.out.println("1:添加学生");
            System.out.println("2:删除学生");
            System.out.println("3:修改学生");
            System.out.println("4:查询学生");
            System.out.println("5:退出");
            System.out.println("请输入您的选择");

            Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
            String choose;
            choose = in.next();

            switch (choose) {
                case "1" ->addStudent(list);
                case "2" ->deleteStudent(list);
                case "3" ->updateStudent(list);
                case "4" ->queryStudent(list);
                case "5" ->{
                    System.out.println("退出");
                    break loop;
                   // System.exit(0);
                }
                default->
                    System.out.println("没有这个选项");

            }

        }
    }



    //添加学生
    public static void addStudent(ArrayList<Student> list){
        Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);
        Student s=new Student();
        String id;
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("请输入学生id");
            id=in.next();
            boolean flag = container(list,id);
            if (flag) {
                s.setId(id);
                break;
            } else {
                System.out.println("该id已存在，请重新输入");
                break;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("请输入学生姓名");
        s.setName(in.next());
        System.out.println("请输入学生年龄");
        s.setAge(in.nextInt());
        System.out.println("请输入学生地址");
        s.setAddress(in.next());
        list.add(s);
        System.out.println("学生信息添加成功");
    }

    //删除学生
    public static void deleteStudent(ArrayList<Student> list){
        Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要删除的id");
        String id=in.next();

        if(getIndex(list,id)>-1){
            list.remove(getIndex(list,id));
            System.out.println("删除学生id为"+id+"的学生");
        }else {
            System.out.println("不存在该学生，请重新输入");
        }


    }

    //修改学生
    public static void updateStudent(ArrayList<Student> list){
        Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要修改学生的id");
        String id=in.next();
        int index=getIndex(list,id);//获取要修改学生的id

        if(index==-1){
            System.out.println("该学生不存在，请重新输入");

        }else {
            Student stu=new Student();
            stu=list.get(index);

            System.out.println("请输入要修改学生的姓名");
            String name=in.next();
            stu.setName(name);

            System.out.println("请输入要修改学生的年龄");
            int age=in.nextInt();
            stu.setAge(age);

            System.out.println("请输入要修改学生的地址");
            String address=in.next();
            stu.setAddress(address);

            System.out.println("学生id"+id+"的信息已修改成功");
        }


    }

    //查询学生
    public static void queryStudent(ArrayList<Student> list){
        if(list.size()==0){
            System.out.println("当前表格无内容，请添加后再查询");
        }else {
            System.out.println("id"+"  "+"姓名"+"  "+"年龄"+"  "+"地址");
            for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
                Student s = new Student();
                s = list.get(i);
                System.out.println(s.getId() + "  " + s.getName() + "  " + s.getAge() + "  " + s.getAddress());
            }
        }
    }
    //查找表中是否存在id
    public static boolean container(ArrayList<Student> list,String id){
        Student s=new Student();
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            s=list.get(i);
            if(s.getId().equals(id)){
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }


    //根据id返回索引
    public static int getIndex(ArrayList<Student> list,String id){
        Student stu=new Student();
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            stu=list.get(i);
            String sid=stu.getId();
            if(sid.equals(id)){
                return i;//有就直接返回id
            }
        }
        return -1;

    }
}