弋.目录
【实验题目】 ![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/3e58fdb022c24ecba49d8cc21e07dab4.png)
注:图中每个黑线代表一个环回,黑线所指向的区域即为环回所在区域;紫色连线代表MGRE环境
【实验思路】
1、首先要划分私网IP地址。考虑到以后每个区域的路由可以路由汇总,那么需要为每个区域划分一个大网段。图中有area0、area1、area2、area3、area4和rip共6个区域,所以将172.16.0.0/16划分为172.16.0.0/19、172.16.32.0/19、172.16.64.0/19、172.16.96.0/19、172.16.128.0/19、172.16.160.0/19分别为这六个区域的网段,剩余两个网段备用。每个区域内又分为P2P骨干链路、MA骨干链路、末梢链路,更具体的划分见下表:
area 0172.16.0.0/19 | P2P172.16.0.0/24 | 172.16.0.0/30172.16.0.4/30172.16.0.8/30…… |
---|---|---|
MA172.16.1.0/24 | 172.16.1.0/29172.16.1.8/29172.16.1.16/29…… | |
STUB172.16.2.0/24172.16.3.0/24…… | ||
area 1172.16.32.0/19 | P2P172.16.32.0/24 | 172.16.32.0/30172.16.32.4/30172.16.32.8/30…… |
MA172.16.33.0/24 | 172.16.33.0/29172.16.33.8/29172.16.33.16/29…… | |
STUB172.16.34.0/24172.16.35.0/24…… | ||
area 2172.16.64.0/19 | P2P172.16.64.0/24 | 172.16.64.0/30172.16.64.4/30172.16.64.8/30…… |
MA172.16.65.0/24 | 172.16.65.0/29172.16.65.8/29172.16.65.16/29…… | |
STUB172.16.66.0/24172.16.67.0/24…… | ||
area 3172.16.96.0/19 | P2P172.16.96.0/24 | 172.16.96.0/30172.16.96.4/30172.16.96.8/30…… |
MA172.16.97.0/24 | 172.16.97.0/29172.16.97.8/29172.16.97.16/29…… | |
STUB172.16.98.0/24172.16.99.0/24…… | ||
area 4172.16.128.0/19 | P2P172.16.128.0/24 | 172.16.128.0/30172.16.128.4/30172.16.128.8/30…… |
MA172.16.129.0/24 | 172.16.129.0/29172.16.129.8/29172.16.129.16/29…… | |
STUB172.16.130.0/24172.16.131.0/24…… | ||
rip172.16.160.0/19 | P2P172.16.160.0/24 | 172.16.160.0/30172.16.160.4/30172.16.160.8/30…… |
MA172.16.161.0/24 | 172.16.161.0/29172.16.161.8/29172.16.161.16/29…… | |
STUB172.16.162.0/24172.16.163.0/24…… |
2、划分好网段后就可以配IP,并使公网通畅;配置R3-R5/6/7的MGRE环境;配置基本的OSPF和RIP;所有设备均可访问R4的环回,说明需要做NAT;减少LSA的更新量,说明需要做路由汇总和特殊区域,此时,就可以考虑area4这个不规则区域与area0的连接方式,为使area3能够成为特殊区域,那么area4就不能做虚链路,可做多线程重发布(需要注意的是:当汇总遇到缺省时一定要配置NULL 0防环);加速收敛可以考虑减少计时器时间、将直连的broadcast接口网络类型改为p2p模式等;保障更新安全,说明需要做OSPF的认证
【实验记录】
一、配置IP地址
[r1]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.1 29
[r1]int LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.34.1 24
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.2 29
[r2]int LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.35.1 24
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.3 29
[r3]int LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.36.1 24
[r3]int Serial 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.1 24
[r4]int s4/0/0
[r4-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.2 24
[r4]int s4/0/1
[r4-Serial4/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.2 24
[r4]int s3/0/0
[r4-Serial3/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.2 24
[r4-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.2 24
[r4]int LoopBack 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 24
[r5]int s4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 45.0.0.1 24
[r5]int LoopBack 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.1 24
[r6]int s4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.1 24
[r6]int LoopBack 0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.1 24
[r6]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.1 29
[r7]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.1 24
[r7]int g0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.1 29
[r7]int LoopBack 0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.1 24
[r8]int g0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.2 29
[r8]int g0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.9 29
[r8]int LoopBack 0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.98.1 24
[r9]int g0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.10 29
[r9]int g0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.129.1 29
[r9]int LoopBack 0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.130.1 24
[r10]int g0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.129.2 29
[r10]int LoopBack 0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.131.1 24
[r11]int g0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.2 29
[r11]int g0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.65.9 29
[r11]int LoopBack 0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.66.1 24
[r12]int g0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.10 29
[r12]int LoopBack 0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.162.1 24
[r12]int LoopBack 1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.163.1 24
二、配置缺省路由使公网通畅
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.2
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.2
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.2
ping通测试,确保无误
三、搭建MGRE环境
[r3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.1 29
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
[r5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.2 29
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
[r6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.3 29
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
[r7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.4 29
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
查看nhrp邻居表,ping通测试确保无误
将MGRE环境的隧道接口网络类型改为p2mp类型
[r3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
四、配置OSPF和RIP
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[r3-ospf-1]a 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]a 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]a 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]a 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]a 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
[r9-ospf-1]q
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]a 4
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]a 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[r12-ospf-1]q
[r12]rip
[r12-rip-1]v 2
[r12-rip-1]net
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
注意:此时rip的宣告因为是按主类宣告,所以也会将172.16.65.10宣告进rip网络
将rip和area 4重发布到ospf中
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
为了使area 4能够到达其他区域,同时为了减少LSA更新量,可以在R10上手工配置一条指向R9的缺省,也可以在R9上下发一条5类缺省:
[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise
R5的ospf路由表:
五、OSPF路由汇总
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
查看R5的ospf路由表:
发现多了一条本该汇总到172.16.64.0/19的172.16.65.8/29路由,这是由rip重发布进来的。汇总之前该路由是域间路由,而汇总后变为了域外路由,是因为汇总之前相同网段的域间路由的优先级高于域外路由,所以学习域间路由,而汇总后汇总的网段就变了,就学习到了该域外路由。该路由会在后面做完特殊区域后消失。
六、为area1、area2、area3做特殊区域
1、area1的完全末梢区域
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
查看area1的lsdb表:
查看路由表:
2、area2的完全的非完全末梢区域
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
查看area2的lsdb表:
查看路由表:
3、area3的完全的非完全末梢区域
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]a 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
查看area3的lsdb表:
查看路由表:
七、配置NULL 0接口防环
[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0
八、配置NAT
[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3-acl-basic-2000]q
[r3]int Serial 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]q
[r6]int Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]q
[r7]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
ping测试
至此,全网可达。
九、加快收敛
1、为MGRE环境减少计时器时间
[r3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r5]int t 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r6]int t 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r7]int t 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
2、将所有直连的MA的接口网络类型改为p2p
[r7]int g0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[r8]int g0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[r8]int g0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[r9]int g0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[r9]int g0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[r10]int g0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[r6]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[r11]int g0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[r11]int g0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[r12]int g0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
十、OSPF认证
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
至此,实验全部完成。