C++学习笔记(一)

C++学习笔记

1. 参考书籍：《C++面向对象程序设计（第3版）》谭浩强 著
2. 编程环境：Visual Studio 2022
3. 学习内容：第一章 C++的初步知识

• 1.1 输出“Hello World.This is a C++ program.”

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	cout << "Hello World.This is a C++ program.\n";
	return 0;
}

• 1.2 求a和b两个数之和

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int a, b, sum;
	cin >> a >> b;
	sum = a + b;
	cout << "a+b=" << sum << endl;
	return 0;
}

• 1.3 从键盘输入a和b，求两数中的大者。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	int max(int x, int y);
	int a, b, c;
	cin >> a >> b;
	c = max(a, b);
	cout << "max=" << c << endl;

}

int max(int x, int y)
{
	int max;
	if (x > y) {
		max = x;
	}
	else {
		max = y;
	}
	return max;
}

• 1.4 包含类的C++程序

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student
{
private:
	int num;
	int score;
public:
	void setdata()
	{
		cin >> num;
		cin >> score;
	}
	void display()
	{
		cout << "num = " << num << endl;
		cout << "score = " << score << endl;
	}
};
Student stu1, stu2;

int main()
{
	stu1.setdata();
	stu2.setdata();
	stu1.display();
	stu2.display();
	return 0;
}

1 2
3 4
num = 1
score = 2
num = 3
score = 4

• 1.5用cin和cout 实现数据的输入和输出

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() 
{
	cout << "please enter your name and age:" << endl;
	char name[10];
	int age;
	cin >> name;
	cin >> age;
	cout << "your name is:" << name << endl;
	cout << "your age is:" << age << endl;
	return 0;
}

please enter your name and age:
shen
18
your name is:shen
your age is:18

• 1.6 求3个数中最大的数（分别考虑整数、实数、长整数的情况）

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int max(int a, int b, int c) {
	if (b > a)a = b;
	if (c > a)a = c;
	return a;
}
float max(float a, float b, float c) {
	if (b > a)a = b;
	if (c > a)a = c;
	return a;
}
long max(long a, long b, long c) {
	if (b > a)a = b;
	if (c > a)a = c;
	return a;
}

int main() {
	int a, b, c;
	float d, e, f;
	long g, h, i;
	cin >> a >> b >> c;
	cin >> d >> e >> f;
	cin >> g >> h >> i;
	int m;
	m = max(a, b, c);
	cout << "max_i=" << m << endl;
	float n;
	n = max(d, e, f);
	cout << "max_f=" << n << endl;
	long int p;
	p = max(g, h, i);
	cout << "max_l=" << p << endl;
}

8 5 6
56.9 90.765 43.1
67543 -567 78123
max_i=8
max_f=90.765
max_l=78123

• 1.7用一个函数求2个整数或3个整数中的最大者

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int max(int a, int b, int c)
{
	if (b > a)a = b;
	if (c > a)a = c;
	return a;
}
int max(int a, int b)
{
	if (b > a)return b;
	if (b < a)return a;
}
int main() {
	int a = 7, b = -4, c = 9;
	cout << "max_3=" << max(a, b, c) << endl;
	cout << "max_2=" << max(a, b) << endl;
}

max_3=9
max_2=7

• 1.8 将1.6程序改为通过函数模板来实现

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

template<typename T>

T max(T a, T b, T c)
{
	if (b > a)a = b;
	if (c > a)a = c;
	return a;
}

int main() {
	int a, b, c, m;
	float d, e, f, n;
	long g, h, i, p;
	cin >> a >> b >> c;
	cin >> d >> e >> f;
	cin >> g >> h >> i;
	//int m;
	m = max(a, b, c);
	cout << "max_i=" << m << endl;
	//float n;
	n = max(d, e, f);
	cout << "max_f=" << n << endl;
	//long int p;
	p = max(g, h, i);
	cout << "max_l=" << p << endl;
}

8 5 6
56.9 90.765 43.1
67843 -456 78123
max_i=8
max_f=90.765
max_l=78123

• 1.9 了解引用和变量的关系

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int a = 10;
	int& b = a;
	a = a * a;
	cout << a << " " << b << endl;
	b = b / 5;
	cout << b << " " << a << endl;
	return 0;
}

100 100
20 20

• 1.10 无法实现两个变量的值呼唤的程序

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void swap(int a, int b)
{
	int temp;
	temp = a;
	a = b;
	b = temp;
}
int main()
{
	int i = 3, j = 5;
	swap(i, j);
	cout << i << "," << j << endl;
	return 0;
}

3,5

• 1.11 使用指针变量作为形参，实现两个变量的值互换

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void swap(int *a, int *b)
{
	int temp;
	temp = *a;
	*a = *b;
	*b = temp;
}
int main()
{
	int i = 3, j = 5;
	swap(i, j);
	cout << i << "," << j << endl;
	return 0;
}

5,3

• 1.12 利用“引用形参”实现两个变量的值互换

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void swap(int &a, int &b)
{
	int temp;
	temp = a;
	a = b;
	b = temp;
}
int main()
{
	int i = 3, j = 5;
	swap(i, j);
	cout << i << "," << j << endl;
	return 0;
}

5,3

• 1.13 将函数指定为内置函数

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
inline int max(int a, int b, int c)
{
	if (b > a)a = b;
	if (c > a)a = c;
	return a;
}
int main() {
	int i = 7, j = 10, k = 25, m;
	m = max(i, j, k);
	cout << "max=" << m << endl;
	return 0;
}

max=25

• 1.14 局部变量和全局变量同名

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

float a = 2.3;

int main() {
	int a = 666;
	cout << "a=" << a << endl;
	cout << "::a=" << ::a << endl;
	return 0;
}

a=666
::a=2.3

• 1.15 输入3个字符串，要求按字母由小到大顺序输出

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	string string1, string2, string3, temp;
	cout << "请输入三个字符串：";
	cin >> string1 >> string2 >> string3;
	if (string2 > string3)
	{
		temp = string2;
		string2 = string3;
		string3 = temp;
	}
	if (string1 <= string2) {
		cout << string1 << " " << string2 << " " << string3 << endl;
	}
	else if (string1 <= string3) {
		cout << string2 << " " << string1 << " " << string3 << endl;
	}
	else if (string1 > string3) {
		cout << string2 << " " << string3 << " " << string1 << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

请输入三个字符串：China U.S.A Germany
China Germany U.S.A

• 1.16 开辟空间以存放一个结构体变量

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
struct Student
{
	char name[10];
	int num;
	char sex;
};
int main()
{
	Student* p;
	p = new Student;
	strcpy(p->name, "Wang Yun");
	p->num = 10123;
	p->sex = 'M';
	cout << (p->name) << " " << (p->num) << " " << (p->sex) << endl;
	delete p;
	return 0;
}

这个有错误，不知道为什么