学生信息管理系统（新手小白）

代码如下：

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo

list1 = [ ]

# 添加学生信息
def add_student():
    if(stu_name.get() != ""):
        # print(stu_name.get())
        infor = [ stu_name.get(), stu_num.get(), stu_sex.get(), stu_age.get(), stu_Phone.get() ]
        list1.append(infor)
        showinfo("提示信息", message="添加学生信息成功！")
    else:
        stu_name.delete(0, END)
        showinfo("提示信息", message="学生信息为空！请输入要添加的学生信息！")
    del_info()          # 删除输入框内容
    disp_student()      # 在列表框更新学生信息

# 删除输入框内信息
def del_info():
    stu_name.delete(0, 'end')
    stu_num.delete(0, 'end')
    stu_sex.delete(0, 'end')
    stu_age.delete(0, 'end')
    stu_Phone.delete(0, 'end')

# 删除学生信息，按学号删除
def del_student():
    i = stu_name.get()
    k = 0
    for j in list1:
        if j[ 0 ] == i:
            del list1[ k ]
            break
        k += 1
    print(list1)
    stu_name.delete(0, 'end')
    del_info()          # 删除输入框内容
    disp_student()      # 更新下面列表框显示


# 修改学生信息
def change_student():
    i = stu_name.get()
    k = 0
    for j in list1:
        if j[ 0 ] == i:
            j[ 1 ] = stu_num.get()
            j[ 2 ] = stu_sex.get()
            j[ 3 ] = stu_age.get()
            j[ 4 ] = stu_Phone.get()
            break
        k += 1
    print(list1)
    stu_name.delete(0, 'end')
    stu_num.delete(0, 'end')
    stu_sex.delete(0, 'end')
    stu_age.delete(0, 'end')
    stu_Phone.delete(0, 'end')
    disp_student()

# 显示学生信息
def disp_student():
    tree = ttk.Treeview(master=a, height=6, show='headings', )
    tree[ 'columns' ] = [ 'name', 'xh', 'sex', 'age', 'ph' ]
    tree.place(x=34, y=220)
    tree.column('name', width=70)
    tree.column('xh', width=70)
    tree.column('sex', width=50)
    tree.column('age', width=50)
    tree.column('ph', width=100)
    tree.heading('name', text='姓名')
    tree.heading('xh', text='学号')
    tree.heading('sex', text='性别')
    tree.heading('age', text='年龄')
    tree.heading('ph', text='电话号码')
    for index, data in enumerate(list1):
        tree.insert('', 'end', values=data)
    a.mainloop()

# 界面设计
a = Tk()
a.title('学生信息系统')
a.geometry('400x380+50+10')

L1 = Label(a, height=2, text='学生信息管理系统', bg='lightblue')
L1.pack(fill='x')

ad = Button(a, text='添加学生信息', command=add_student)
ad.place(x=30, y=60, width=130, height=20)
sc = Button(a, text='删除学生信息', command=del_student)
sc.place(x=30, y=90, width=130, height=20)
xg = Button(a, text='修改学生信息', command=change_student)
xg.place(x=30, y=120, width=130, height=20)
xs = Button(a, text='显示学生信息', command=disp_student)
xs.place(x=30, y=150, width=130, height=20)

label_name = Label(a, text='姓名：')
label_name.place(x=200, y=50, width=40, height=40)
stu_name = Entry(a)
stu_name.place(x=240, y=60, width=130, height=20)

label_num = Label(a, text='学号：')
label_num.place(x=200, y=80, width=40, height=40)
stu_num = Entry(a)
stu_num.place(x=240, y=90, width=130, height=20)

label_sex = Label(a, text='性别：')
label_sex.place(x=200, y=110, width=40, height=40)
stu_sex = Entry(a)
stu_sex.place(x=240, y=120, width=130, height=20)

label_age = Label(a, text='年龄：')
label_age.place(x=200, y=140, width=40, height=40)
stu_age = Entry(a)
stu_age.place(x=240, y=150, width=130, height=20)

label_phone = Label(a, text='电话：')
label_phone.place(x=200, y=170, width=40, height=40)
stu_Phone = Entry(a)
stu_Phone.place(x=240, y=180, width=130, height=20)


def main():
    disp_student()
    a.mainloop()


main()

这里的代码写了一个使用Tkinter库实现的学生管理系统应用程序。这个程序允许用户添加、删除、修改和显示学生信息，用thinker模块进行界面的排版，与设计

在上述写的过程中可能会出现的相关问题：

1. 布局问题

   • 界面布局使用了绝对位置和大小，这可能导致在不同分辨率的屏幕上显示效果不一致。可以考虑使用grid或pack布局管理器进行改进。(注意：grid 或 pack 只能使用其一，不能同时使用）

2. 事件处理

   • 需要确保每个按钮的命令函数正确无误。如果某个按钮的命令函数设置错误，可能会导致功能无法正常工作。

3. 数据持久化

   • 目前学生信息仅保存在内存中，程序关闭后数据会丢失。可以考虑使用文件或数据库来存储数据，以实现数据的持久化。

4. 输入验证

   • 需要添加输入验证，确保用户输入的数据合法。例如，学号应为数字，年龄应为正整数，电话号码应符合格式要求。

5. 错误处理

   • 需要处理各种可能的错误情况，如删除不存在的学生、修改不存在的学生信息等，并向用户显示友好的错误信息。

6. 更新显示

   • 每次更新学生信息时都会创建新的Treeview，这可能导致内存泄漏和性能问题。可以考虑在创建一次Treeview后，仅更新其内容。

下面给予用grid 布局优化后的代码：

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo

list1 = []

def add_student():
    if stu_name.get():
        infor = [stu_name.get(), stu_num.get(), stu_sex.get(), stu_age.get(), stu_phone.get()]
        list1.append(infor)
        showinfo("提示信息", message="添加学生信息成功！")
        del_info()
        disp_student()
    else:
        showinfo("提示信息", message="学生信息为空！请输入要添加的学生信息！")

def del_info():
    stu_name.delete(0, END)
    stu_num.delete(0, END)
    stu_sex.delete(0, END)
    stu_age.delete(0, END)
    stu_phone.delete(0, END)

def del_student():
    student_name = stu_name.get()
    global list1
    list1 = [student for student in list1 if student[0] != student_name]
    showinfo("提示信息", message="删除学生信息成功！")
    del_info()
    disp_student()

def change_student():
    student_name = stu_name.get()
    for student in list1:
        if student[0] == student_name:
            student[1] = stu_num.get()
            student[2] = stu_sex.get()
            student[3] = stu_age.get()
            student[4] = stu_phone.get()
            showinfo("提示信息", message="修改学生信息成功！")
            break
    else:
        showinfo("提示信息", message="学生信息未找到！")
    del_info()
    disp_student()

def disp_student():
    for row in tree.get_children():
        tree.delete(row)
    for student in list1:
        tree.insert('', 'end', values=student)

a = Tk()
a.title('学生信息系统')
a.geometry('500x400')

frame = Frame(a)
frame.pack(pady=20)

label_title = Label(frame, text='学生信息管理系统', bg='lightblue', font=("黑体", 16))
label_title.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="ew")

buttons_frame = Frame(frame)
buttons_frame.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)

btn_add = Button(buttons_frame, text='添加学生信息', command=add_student)
btn_add.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5)
btn_del = Button(buttons_frame, text='删除学生信息', command=del_student)
btn_del.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5)
btn_change = Button(buttons_frame, text='修改学生信息', command=change_student)
btn_change.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5)
btn_show = Button(buttons_frame, text='显示学生信息', command=disp_student)
btn_show.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=5)

entries_frame = Frame(frame)
entries_frame.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)

label_name = Label(entries_frame, text='姓名：')
label_name.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
stu_name = Entry(entries_frame)
stu_name.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

label_num = Label(entries_frame, text='学号：')
label_num.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
stu_num = Entry(entries_frame)
stu_num.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

label_sex = Label(entries_frame, text='性别：')
label_sex.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
stu_sex = Entry(entries_frame)
stu_sex.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

label_age = Label(entries_frame, text='年龄：')
label_age.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
stu_age = Entry(entries_frame)
stu_age.grid(row=3, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

label_phone = Label(entries_frame, text='电话：')
label_phone.grid(row=4, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
stu_phone = Entry(entries_frame)
stu_phone.grid(row=4, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

tree_frame = Frame(frame)
tree_frame.grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)

tree = ttk.Treeview(tree_frame, columns=('name', 'xh', 'sex', 'age', 'ph'), show='headings')
tree.heading('name', text='姓名')
tree.heading('xh', text='学号')
tree.heading('sex', text='性别')
tree.heading('age', text='年龄')
tree.heading('ph', text='电话号码')

tree.column('name', width=100)
tree.column('xh', width=100)
tree.column('sex', width=50)
tree.column('age', width=50)
tree.column('ph', width=120)
tree.pack()

a.mainloop()