【11408学习记录】考研英语必备 | 3大虚拟时态推演法则 × 4个场景化写作锦囊妙句

2025.04.24

英语

语法总结——特殊句式

虚拟

虚拟,顾名思义就是“非真实”,主要分两种情况:

  • 与真实情况相比,发现这个事情不是真的
  • 与假设情况相比,发现即使假设,这个事情也不太可能成真

“虚拟”就是谓语动词的一种特殊变化,通过把谓语动词“变态”(改变时态),即可表达虚拟。

考研英语中主要考察两种虚拟:

  • if虚拟条件语句
  • 名词性从句虚拟
if虚拟条件句

if条件状语从句分为两种:真实条件句与虚拟条件句。

  • 真实条件句:如果假设这个事是真的或者可能成为真的,就是真实条件句,不需要虚拟
  • 虚拟条件句:如果假设这个事不是真的或者不太可能成为真的,那就是虚拟条件句,就要用虚拟

在虚拟条件句中,针对不同时间范围内的事情进行假设,需要使用不同的“变态”形式来表达虚拟:

  • 假设过去:
    • if从句:have done
    • 主句:would/could/should/might have done
  • 假设现在:
    • if从句:did/were
    • 主句:would/could/should/might do
  • 假设将来:
    • if从句:
      • did/were
      • were to do
      • should do
    • 主句:would/could/should/might do

具体的“变态”规则:

  • 从句往前推:表达虚拟时,要把从句往前推一个时态
  • 主句四加一:主句中谓语动词的形式都是4个情态动词(would/could/should/might)加一个跟从句对应的原形形式
    • 假设过去:从句为 had done,主句为情态动词 + have done
      • If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.(2008, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)
    • 假设现在:从句为 did/were,主句为情态动词 + do
      • Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions—like, say, tennis games.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B)
  • 将来同现在:假设将来事情的虚拟可以跟假设现在的完全相同
    • If railroads charged all customers the same average rate… shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.(2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)
    • 在假设将来中,虚拟条件句中有3种谓语形式:
      • did/were
      • were to do
      • should do
    • 主句的谓语形式与假设现在一致,均为 情态动词 + do
名词性从句的虚拟

在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句这4种名词性从句中,只要是对应的主句中有表示“建议、命令、要求”的词,名词性从句都需要虚拟。

名词性从句的虚拟要把谓语动词变成“should + 动词原形”,并且 should 可以省略。

European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board(IASB) do likewise.(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

  • 主句中表示“要求”,后面的宾语从句需要使用should + 动词原形表示虚拟,在本句中,谓语动词should被省略。

写作——19个锦囊妙句

妙句1

  1. 趣味运动会计划于2025年12月26日下午2:00在我们大学的学生活动中心/腾讯会议软件/江苏省江阴市华西村举行,将持续3小时/天。(此外,本次活动将通过抖音进行直播。)

The fun sports day is scheduled to be held on December 26, 2025, at 2 PM in the Students’ Recreation Center of our university / via the Tencent Meeting app / in Huaxi Village, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, and it will last for 3 hours/days.(In addition, the event will be live-streamed on TikTok.)

使用场景
描述活动举办时间、地点的句子在应用文中使用频率极高,因为这是活动的核心消息。

这句话中 The fun sports day (趣味运动会)可以替换成歌唱比赛、演讲比赛、辩论赛、美食节、篮球赛、夏令营等。

妙句2

  1. 活动旨在激发年轻一代做某事的热情/给某人提供机会做某事/帮助某人适应大学生活/帮助某人加深对某物的认识。

This activity is designed to inspire the younger generation to do sth./provide sb. with an opportunity to do sth./help sb. adapt to college life./help sb. foster a deeper understanding of sth.

使用场景
这句话的作用是表明活动的目的和意义。写信人旨在向收信人表达活动的价值和目的。这有助于建立期望、吸引参与者,并确保收信人了解参与活动的益处。

示例1

  • 活动旨在给大学生college students)提供机会去开阔眼界to broaden their horizons),积累知识accumulate knowledge以及获得学分earn academic credits)。
  • This activity is designed to provide college students with an opportunity to broaden their horizons, accumulate knowledge and earn academic credits.

示例2

  • 参观博物馆旨在帮助国际学生international students)加深对中国文化Chinese culture)的了解,丰富课余文化生活enrich their extracurricular and cultural life以及交朋友make friends)。

This activity is designed to help international students foster a deeper understanding of Chinese culture, enrich their extracurricular and cultural life and make friends.

妙句3

  1. 活动将由一系列环节组成,比如才艺展示和与专家互动交流。我们学校的校长将为所有参与者致欢迎辞/为优胜者颁奖。

This event will consist of a series of activities, such as talent shows and interactive exchanges with experts. Our university president will deliver a welcome address to all participants/will present awards to the winners.

使用场景
这句话适用于学校活动通知、会议邀请函、庆典或开幕式通告等场景,用于介绍活动的具体内容

示例

  • 活动将由一系列环节组成,比如参观实验室、聆听著名教授的讲座以及进行篮球比赛visiting the laboratory, attending lectures delivered by well-known professors, and organizing basketball games.)。我们学校的校长将为所有参与者致欢迎辞。

This event will consist of a series of activities, such as visiting the laboratory, attending lectures delivered by well-known professors, and organizing basketball games. Our university president will deliver a welcome address to all participants.

妙句4

  1. 我们需要10名志愿者,有相关经验者优先。此外,合作精神,守时的品质,以及平易近人的性格正是某人所看重/具备的。

We need 10 volunteers, preferably those with relevant experience. Furthermore, a cooperative spirit, punctuality, and an approachable personality are the most desirable qualities sb. is/are looking for./that sb. possess(es).

使用场景

这句话的作用是在招聘时说明招募条件,此外,这句话也可用于介绍信、推荐信、求职信以及求学信,介绍人的性格特点

示例1

  • 我们需要10名志愿者,有相关经验者优先。此外,合作精神,守时的品质,以及平易近人的性格正是我们公司our company)所看重。

We need 10 volunteers, preferably those with relevant experience. Furthermore, a cooperative spirit, punctuality, and an approachable personality are the most desirable qualities our company is looking for.

示例2

  • 合作精神,守时的品质,以及平易近人的性格正是李明Li Ming)所具备的。

A cooperative spirit, punctuality, and an approachable personality are the most desirable qualities that Li Ming possesses.

每日一句

This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. (2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)

词汇

increasingly: adv. 越来越多地,不断增加地
a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition 必要不充分条件
sufficient: adj. 充分的,足够的
condition: n. 条件
complex: adj. 复杂的,合成的
advanced: adj. 先进的

第一步:找谓语

This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.

第二步:断句

在本句中,只存在一个谓语动词——is,因此,该句只包含一件事,不需要进行额外断句。

第三步:简化

该句中的谓语动词为系动词,原句的核心结构为:

该句中的主语核心词为:level
该句中的表语核心语为:condition

整个句子的核心部分为:

  • …… level is …… condition ……—— …… 水平是……条件
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