用面向对象的方法为图表添加辅助元素

导入模块

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

设置中文

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

创建对象

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

绘制正弦、余弦曲线

x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 256, endpoint=True)
y1, y2 = np.sin(x), np.cos(x)
ax.plot(x, y1, x, y2)
 
plt.show()

效果图

设置坐标轴的标签

ax.set_xlabel("x轴")
ax.set_ylabel("y轴")

设置x轴的刻度范围和刻度标签

ax.set_xlim(x.min()*1.5, x.max()*1.5)
 
ax.set_xticks([-np.pi, -np.pi/2, 0, np.pi/2, np.pi], [r'$-\pi$', r'$-\pi/2$', r'$0$', r'$\pi/2$', r'$\pi$'])

效果图