01_前端框架之Bootstrap的应用

day01_前端框架之Bootstrap的应用

本课目标

  • 能够完成 Bootstrap 环境搭建
  • 能够理解 Bootstrap 的栅格布局
  • 能够根据 Bootstrap 相关文档使用Bootstrap组件
  • 能够根据 Bootstrap 重构主页和表单页

第1章 bootstrap简介

1.1 什么是bootstrap
  • Bootstrap 是全球最受欢迎的前端组件库,用于开发响应式布局、移动设备优先的 WEB 项目。

    • Bootstrap 是一套用于 HTML、CSS 和 JS 开发的开源工具集。

  • Bootstrap,基于 HTML、CSS、JAVASCRIPT 的前端框架。 该框架已经预定义了一套CSS样式和与样式对应的JS代码。(对应的样式有对应的特效) 开发人员只需要编写HTML结构,添加bootstrap固定的class样式,就可以轻松完成指定效果的实现。

  • 作用:

1.2 什么是响应式布局
  • 响应式布局:一个网站的展示能够兼容多个终端(手机、iPad、PC等),而不需要为每个终端单独做一个 展示版本。此概念专为解决移动互联网浏览而诞生的。

  • 响应式布局,使得网站仅适用一套样式,就可以在不同分辨率下展示出不同的舒适效果,大大降低了网站开 发维护成本,并且能带给用户更好的体验性。

  • 响应式布局会增加程序员负担以及代码量

  • 未使用响应式开发:

第2章 bootstrap环境搭建

2.1 下载bootstrap

第3章 bootstrap页面布局

3.1 基础入门
  • Container容器是窗口布局的最基本元素,我们推荐所有样式都定义在.container.container-fluid容器之中-- 这是启用整个栅格系统必不可少的前置条件,它们分别对应选择一个响应式的、固定宽度的容器,或者选择一个流式自适应浏览器或容器最大合法宽度的窗口(意味着任何时候它的宽度总是100%)。

  • Bootstrap原生带三种container宽度规范:

    • .container, 居中,适配不同的断的 max-width 尺寸。

    • .container-fluid, 全屏,适配屏幕的 width: 100% 尺寸。

超小屏幕 <576px小屏幕 ≥576px中等屏幕 ≥768px大屏幕 ≥992px超大屏幕 ≥1200px
.container100%540px720px960px1140px
.container-sm100%540px720px960px1140px
.container-md100%100%720px960px1140px
.container-lg100%100%100%960px1140px
.container-xl100%100%100%100%1140px
.container-fluid100%100%100%100%100%
  • 课堂案例:01.Bootstrap远程样式引入.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>Bootstrap入门</title>
        <!-- 
            要使用bootstrap:只需要通过link和scrip标签去引入样式和js脚本就可以了
            通过远程连接的方式引入样式,这种方式的前期条件就是需要链接互联网,因为样式是通过
            远程地址访问的
         -->
         <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-ggOyR0iXCbMQv3Xipma34MD+dH/1fQ784/j6cY/iJTQUOhcWr7x9JvoRxT2MZw1T" crossorigin="anonymous">
         <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
         <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.7/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-UO2eT0CpHqdSJQ6hJty5KVphtPhzWj9WO1clHTMGa3JDZwrnQq4sF86dIHNDz0W1" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
         <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JjSmVgyd0p3pXB1rRibZUAYoIIy6OrQ6VrjIEaFf/nJGzIxFDsf4x0xIM+B07jRM" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    </head>
    <body>
        hello Bootstrap入门
    </body>
    </html>

  • 课堂案例:02.Boostrap本地样式引入.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>Bootstrap通过本地样式引入</title>
        <!-- 
            需要引入如下样式:
            引入js文件的时候,需要注意先后顺序
            总共:需要引入4个文件,一个样式,3个脚本
         -->
         <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
         <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
         <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
         <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p class="text-warning"> hello Bootstrap</p>
        <p> hello Bootstrap</p>
       
    </body>
    </html>

  • 课堂案例:03.container页面布局规范.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>Contain 容器</title>
    
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    
        <style>
            div{
                border: 1px solid red;
            }
        </style>
        
    </head>
    <body>
        <!-- 
            class="container":可以根据浏览器的大小进行自适应和居中
            
            ps:会设置padding属性为15
         -->
        <div class="container">
            <h2>hello 酷狗</h2>
        </div>
    
        <div class="container-fluid">
            <h2>哈哈哈哈</h2>
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>

3.1 栅格系统
  • 为了方便在布局容器中进行网页的布局操作。BootStrap提供了一套专门用于响应式开发布局的栅格系统。 栅格系统将一行分为12列,通过设定元素占用的列数来布局元素在页面上的展示位置。

  • 栅格特点 “行(row)”包含在 .container或 container-fluid(100% 宽度)中行使用的样式

  • 课堂案例:04.Bootstrap栅格系统1.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>Document</title>
    
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    
        <style>
            div {
                border: 1px solid;
            }
        </style>
    
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <div class="container">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-1">1</div>
                <div class="col-1">2</div>
                <div class="col-1">3</div>
                <div class="col-1">4</div>
                <div class="col-1">5</div>
                <div class="col-1">6</div>
                <div class="col-1">7</div>
                <div class="col-1">8</div>
                <div class="col-1">9</div>
                <div class="col-1">10</div>
                <div class="col-1">11</div>
                <div class="col-1">12</div>
            </div>
    
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-5">5</div>
                <div class="col-5">5</div>
                <div class="col-2">2</div>
    
            </div>
            <!-- 
                第一行:4个格子
                第二行:8个格子
                第三行:6个格子
                多出来的6个格子跑到第二行去了
             -->
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-4">4</div>
                <div class="col-9">8</div>
                <div class="col-2">6</div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <span>-----------</span>
        <div class="container">
              <!-- 
                嵌套布局
             -->
             <div class="row">
                 <div class="col-4">4</div>
                 <div class="col-8">
                     <!-- 对于8个格子,还可以划分为12份 -->
                     <div class="row">
                         <div class="col-3">3</div>
                         <div class="col-9">9</div>
                     </div>
                 </div>
             </div>
        </div>
    
        <div class="container">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-4">4</div>
                <div class="col-8">
                    <div class="row">
                            <div class="col-1">1</div>
                            <div class="col-1">2</div>
                            <div class="col-1">3</div>
                            <div class="col-1">4</div>
                            <div class="col-1">5</div>
                            <div class="col-1">6</div>
                            <div class="col-1">7</div>
                            <div class="col-1">8</div>
                            <div class="col-1">9</div>
                            <div class="col-1">10</div>
                            <div class="col-1">11</div>
                            <div class="col-1">12</div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    
    </body>
    
    </html>

  • 课堂案例:05.Bootstrap栅格系统2.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>Document</title>
    
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    
        <style>
            div{
                border: 1px solid;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <div class="container">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-1">1</div>
                <div class="col-1">2</div>
                <div class="col-1">3</div>
                <div class="col-1">4</div>
                <div class="col-1">5</div>
                <div class="col-1">6</div>
                <div class="col-1">7</div>
                <div class="col-1">8</div>
                <div class="col-1">9</div>
                <div class="col-1">10</div>
                <div class="col-1">11</div>
                <div class="col-1">12</div>
            </div>
        </div>
    
        <div class="container">
                <div class="row">
                    <div class="col-sm-6">6</div>
                    <div class="col-sm-4">4</div>
                    <div class="col-sm-2">2</div>
                </div>
            </div>
    
            <!-- 
                根据不同的屏幕大小适配不同的宽度,最终显示不同的样式
             -->
            <div class="container">
                    <div class="row">
                        <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-3">1</div>
                        <div class="col-sm-11 col-md-9">11</div>
                        
                    </div>
                </div>
        
    </body>
    
    </html>

  • 课堂案例:06.Bootstrap栅格系统3.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>等宽布局</title>
    
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    
        <style>
            div{
                border: 1px solid;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <div class="container">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col">col</div>
                <div class="col">col</div>
                <div class="col">col</div>
                <div class="col">col</div>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
                    <div class="col-8">8</div>
                    <div class="col-4">4</div>
            </div>
            <!-- 
                等宽多行:创建跨多个行的等宽列,方法是插入.w-100要将列拆分为新行
             -->
    
             <div class="row">
                    <div class="col">col</div>
                    <div class="col">col</div>
                    <div class="w-100"></div>
                    <div class="col">col</div>
                    <div class="col">col</div>
                    <div class="col">col</div>
             </div>
    
        </div>
    </body>
    
    </html>

第4章 bootstrap公共样式&内容

  • 课堂案例:07.Bootstrap的内容.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>内容</title>
    
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    
        <style>
            /* img{
                width: 900px;
                height: 900px;
            } */
        </style>
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <!-- 
            内容:作为了解就可以了
         -->
        <p class="h1">h1. Bootstrap heading</p>
        <p class="h2">h2. Bootstrap heading</p>
        <p class="h3">h3. Bootstrap heading</p>
        <p class="h4">h4. Bootstrap heading</p>
        <p class="h5">h5. Bootstrap heading</p>
        <p class="h6">h6. Bootstrap heading</p>
    
        <h1 class="display-1">Display 1</h1>
        <h1 class="display-2">Display 2</h1>
        <h1 class="display-3">Display 3</h1>
        <h1 class="display-4">Display 4</h1>
    
        <ul class="list-inline">
            <li class="list-inline-item">列表之一</li>
            <li class="list-inline-item">列表之二</li>
            <li class="list-inline-item">列表之三</li>
        </ul>
    
        <img src="img/1.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="Responsive image">
    
        <hr>
    
        <table class="table">
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th scope="col">#</th>
                    <th scope="col">First Name</th>
                    <th scope="col">Last Name</th>
                    <th scope="col">Username</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <th scope="row">1</th>
                    <td>Mark</td>
                    <td>Otto</td>
                    <td>@mdo</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th scope="row">2</th>
                    <td>Jacob</td>
                    <td>Thornton</td>
                    <td>@fat</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th scope="row">3</th>
                    <td>Larry</td>
                    <td>the Bird</td>
                    <td>@twitter</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
    </body>
    
    </html>

  • 课堂案例:08.Bootstrap的公共样式.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>公共样式</title>
    
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <span class="border">1111</span>
        <span class="border-top">2222</span>
        <span class="border-right">3333</span>
        <span class="border-bottom">44444</span>
        <span class="border-left">55555</span>
    
        <span class="border border-primary">111111</span>
        <span class="border border-secondary">1111111</span>
        <span class="border border-success">1111111</span>
        <span class="border border-danger">11111111</span>
        <span class="border border-warning">11111111</span>
        <span class="border border-info">11111111</span>
        <span class="border border-light">1111111</span>
        <span class="border border-dark">1111111111</span>
        <span class="border border-white">1111111111</span>
    
        <p class="text-primary">.text-primary</p>
        <p class="text-secondary">.text-secondary</p>
        <p class="text-success">.text-success</p>
        <p class="text-danger">.text-danger</p>
        <p class="text-warning">.text-warning</p>
        <p class="text-info">.text-info</p>
        <p class="text-light bg-dark">.text-light</p>
        <p class="text-dark">.text-dark</p>
        <p class="text-body">.text-body</p>
        <p class="text-muted">.text-muted</p>
        <p class="text-white bg-dark">.text-white</p>
        <p class="text-black-50">.text-black-50</p>
        <p class="text-white-50 bg-dark">.text-white-50</p>
    
        <hr>
    
        <p><a href="#" class="text-primary">Primary link</a></p>
        <p><a href="#" class="text-secondary">Secondary link</a></p>
        <p><a href="#" class="text-success">Success link</a></p>
        <p><a href="#" class="text-danger">Danger link</a></p>
        <p><a href="#" class="text-warning">Warning link</a></p>
        <p><a href="#" class="text-info">Info link</a></p>
        <p><a href="#" class="text-light bg-dark">Light link</a></p>
        <p><a href="#" class="text-dark">Dark link</a></p>
        <p><a href="#" class="text-muted">Muted link</a></p>
        <p><a href="#" class="text-white bg-dark">White link</a></p>
    
        <hr>
    
        <div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-primary text-white">.bg-primary</div>
        <div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-secondary text-white">.bg-secondary</div>
        <div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-success text-white">.bg-success</div>
        <div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-danger text-white">.bg-danger</div>
        <div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-warning text-dark">.bg-warning</div>
        <div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-white">.bg-info</div>
        <div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-light text-dark">.bg-light</div>
        <div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-dark text-white">.bg-dark</div>
        <div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-white text-dark">.bg-white</div>
        <div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-transparent text-dark">.bg-transparent</div>
    </body>
    
    </html>

第5章 bootstrap常用组件

5.1 按钮的样式
  • 课堂案例:09.按钮组件.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>Document</title>
    
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary">Secondary</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">Success</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">Danger</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">Warning</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">Info</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-light">Light</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-dark">Dark</button>
    
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>
    
        <hr>
    
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-primary">Primary</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">Secondary</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-success">Success</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-danger">Danger</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-warning">Warning</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-info">Info</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-light">Light</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-dark">Dark</button>
    
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block">Block level button</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-lg btn-block">Block level button</button>
    
        <!-- 
            启用状态:
                .btn样式定义的按钮,默认就是启用状态(背景较深、边框较暗、带内阴影),
                如果你一定要使按钮固定为启用状态、不需要点击反馈,可以增加.active样式,
                并包括aria-pressed="true" 属性,则状态显示为启用状态。
         -->
    
        <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg active" role="button" aria-pressed="true">Primary link</a>
        <a href="#" class="btn btn-secondary btn-lg active" role="button" aria-pressed="true">Link</a>
    
        <hr>
        
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary" disabled>Primary button</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-lg" disabled>Button</button>
    </body>
    
    </html>

5.2 轮播图
  • 课堂案例:10.轮播图.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>Document</title>
    
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <div id="carouselExampleCaptions" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
    
            <!-- 可以根据具体的轮播图进行选择 -->
    
            <ol class="carousel-indicators">
                <li data-target="#carouselExampleCaptions" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
                <li data-target="#carouselExampleCaptions" data-slide-to="1"></li>
                <li data-target="#carouselExampleCaptions" data-slide-to="2"></li>
            </ol>
    
            <!-- 
                轮播的图片
                active:在轮播中最先显示的图片
             -->
            <div class="carousel-inner">
                <div class="carousel-item " data-interval='1500'>
                    <img src="img/1.jpg" width="500px" height="500px" class="d-block w-100" alt="...">
                </div>
    
                <div class="carousel-item " data-interval='1500'>
                    <img src="img/2.jpg" width="500px" height="500px" class="d-block w-100" alt="...">
                </div>
    
                <div class="carousel-item active" data-interval='1500'>
                    <img src="img/3.jpg" width="500px" height="500px" class="d-block w-100" alt="...">
                </div>
    
                <a class="carousel-control-prev" href="#carouselExampleCaptions" role="button" data-slide="prev">
                    <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                    <span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
                </a>
                <a class="carousel-control-next" href="#carouselExampleCaptions" role="button" data-slide="next">
                    <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                    <span class="sr-only">Next</span>
                </a>
    
            </div>
        </div>
    
    
    
    
    </body>
    
    </html>

5.3 导航条
  • 课堂案例:11.导航栏.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>Document</title>
    
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    
    </head>
    
    <body>
    
        <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a>
    
            <!-- 
                屏幕尺寸较小的时候,会把导航项收缩到这个折叠菜单中
             -->
            <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent"
                aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
                <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
            </button>
    
            <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
                <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
                    <!-- 
                        active:被默认选中
                     -->
                    <li class="nav-item active">    
                        <a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
                    </li>
    
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
                    </li>
                    <!-- 
                        dropdown:下拉菜单
                        dropdown-menu:用于下拉菜单项
                     -->
                    <li class="nav-item dropdown">
                        <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown" role="button"
                            data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
                            Dropdown
                        </a>
                        <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown">
                            <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a>
                            <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a>
                            <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
                            <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a>
                        </div>
                    </li>
                    <!-- 
                        disable:是超链接失去点击效果
                     -->
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
                <!-- 
                    
                 -->
                <form class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0">
                    <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
                    <button class="btn btn-outline-success my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit">Search</button>
                </form>
            </div>
        </nav>
    
    </body>
    
    </html>

5.4 表单样式(最重要的)
  • 课堂案例:12.表单组件1.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>12.表单组件1.html</title>
    
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <!-- Bootstrap提供了一些表单控件样式、布局选项,以及用来创建广泛多样化的的表单的自定义组件,以下是示例和使用指南。 -->
    
        <div class="container">
    
            <form action="">
                <!-- 
                文本框定义
                外层的div样式  class="form-group"
                 输入项样式    class="form-control"
    
                placeholder:HTML5规范定义的属性,可以在文本框中显示提示信息
                small:给提示信息的
                 -->
    
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="exampleInputUserName">用户名</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputUserName" placeholder="请输入用户名">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="exampleInputPwd">密码</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPwd" placeholder="请输入用户名">
                </div>
    
                <hr>
                <!-- 
                        radio:单选框样式
                        外层的div样式   class="form-check"
                        输入项样式      class="form-check-input"
                        disabled:表示不可选状态
                        checked:默认选中
                     -->
    
                <div class="form-check">
                    <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="exampleRadios" id="exampleRadios1" value="option1"
                        checked>
                    <label class="form-check-label" for="exampleRadios1">
                        男
                    </label>
                </div>
                <div class="form-check">
                    <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="exampleRadios" id="exampleRadios2" value="option2">
                    <label class="form-check-label" for="exampleRadios2">
                        女
                    </label>
                </div>
                <div class="form-check disabled">
                    <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="exampleRadios" id="exampleRadios3" value="option3"
                        disabled>
                    <label class="form-check-label" for="exampleRadios3">
                        其他
                    </label>
                </div>
    
                <hr>
    
                <!-- 
                      checkbox:复选框
                        外层的div样式   class="form-check"
                        输入项样式      class="form-check-input"
                        disabled:表示不可选状态
                        checked:默认选中
    
                 -->
                <div class="form-check">
                    <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="defaultCheck1">
                    <label class="form-check-label" for="defaultCheck1">
                        打篮球
                    </label>
                </div>
                <div class="form-check">
                    <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="defaultCheck2">
                    <label class="form-check-label" for="defaultCheck2">
                        排球
                    </label>
                </div>
                <div class="form-check">
                    <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="defaultCheck2" checked>
                    <label class="form-check-label" for="defaultCheck2">
                        乒乓球
                    </label>
                </div>
    
                <hr>
    
                <!-- 
                    下拉菜单:
                    外层的div样式: class="form-group"
                    select的样式:  class="custom-select "  会显示上下箭头
                    select的样式:  class="form-control "   会显示正常的箭头
                    selected:  默认选中
                 -->
                <div class="form-group">
                    <select class="custom-select ">
                        <option selected>Open this select menu</option>
                        <option value="1">One</option>
                        <option value="2">Two</option>
                        <option value="3">Three</option>
                    </select>
    
                    <select class="form-control ">
                        <option selected>请选择</option>
                        <option value="1">One</option>
                        <option value="2">Two</option>
                        <option value="3">Three</option>
                    </select>
                </div>
    
                <!-- 
                    文本域
                        class="form-group"
                 -->
    
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="exampleFormControlTextarea1">Example textarea</label>
                    <textarea class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlTextarea1" rows="3"></textarea>
                </div>
    
                <hr>
    
                <input type="file" name="filename">
    
                <hr>
    
                <!-- 
                    文件上传项
                 -->
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="exampleFormControlFile1">上传</label>
                    <input type="file" class="form-control-file" id="exampleFormControlFile1">
                </div>
    
                <hr>
    
                <div class="custom-file">
                    <input type="file" class="custom-file-input" id="validatedCustomFile" required>
                    <label class="custom-file-label" for="validatedCustomFile">请选择文件</label>
                </div>
    
                <hr>
    
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提交</button>
    
            </form>
    
        </div>
    </body>
    
    </html>

  • 课堂案例:13.表单组件2.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>表单校验</title>
    
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <!-- 
            表单校验:当用户填写完输入向后,需要判断用户输入的内容是否满足要求
            required:代表必填项,如果不填,提交会有提示
            .is-valid  :通过校验规则
            .is-invalid:没有通过校验规则
            valid-feedback :通过校验规则后的提示信息
            invalid-feedback:没有通过校验规则的提示信息
         -->
    
        <form  >
            <div class="form-row">
                <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label for="validationCustom01">用户名</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationCustom01" placeholder="请输入用户名" value=""required>
                    <div class="valid-feedback">
                        满足要求
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label for="validationCustom02">密码</label>
                    <input type="password" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationCustom02" placeholder="Last name" value="Otto"
                        required>
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                        密码输入不符合要求
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label for="validationCustomUsername">Username</label>
                    <div class="input-group">
                        <div class="input-group-prepend">
                            <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend">@</span>
                        </div>
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustomUsername" placeholder="Username"
                            aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend" required>
                        <div class="invalid-feedback">
                            Please choose a username.
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-row">
                <div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
                    <label for="validationCustom03">City</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom03" placeholder="City" required>
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                        Please provide a valid city.
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
                    <label for="validationCustom04">State</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom04" placeholder="State" required>
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                        Please provide a valid state.
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
                    <label for="validationCustom05">Zip</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom05" placeholder="Zip" required>
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                        Please provide a valid zip.
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <div class="form-check">
                    <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck" required>
                    <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck">
                        Agree to terms and conditions
                    </label>
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                        You must agree before submitting.
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
        </form>
    
    </body>
    
    </html>

第6章 bootstrap综合案例

  • 课堂案例:14.注册页面开发.html

  • <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>Document</title>
    
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    
        <style>
            .text {
                font-size: 30px;
                text-align: center;
            }
    
            body {
                background-image: url(img/bg.jpg)
            }
    
           .form {
                width: 550px;
                height: 400px;
                border: 1px solid rgb(145, 14, 14);
                background-color: rgba(221, 199, 126, 0.88);
                margin: 120px auto;
            }
    
             .center_btn {
                text-align: center;
            }
        </style>
    
        <script>
            /* 
                需求1:判断两次输入的密码是否相同
    
                需求2:判断邮箱格式是否满足规范
                        卡住了
                需求3:判断用户注册的手机号是否是未注册过的
             */
            function checkForm() {
                // console.log("提交表单");
                
                //判断需求1和需求2都满足的时候才提交
                return checkPassword()&&checkEmail();
            }
    
            /* 
                判断两次输入的密码是否相同     
             */
            function checkPassword() {
                const pwdObj1 = document.querySelector("#password")
                const pwdObj2 = document.querySelector("#rePassword")
    
                // console.log(pwdObj1.value)
                // console.log(pwdObj2.value)
    
                //两次输入的密码一样
                if(pwdObj1.value==pwdObj2.value){
                    return true;
                }else{
                    //两次输入的密码不一样,加入提示
    
                    pwdObj2.setAttribute("class","form-control is-invalid")
                    // pwdObj2.setAttribute("class","is-invalid")
                    
                    return false;
                }
    
            }
            const rg = /^[\w]{3,6}@qq.com$/
            function checkEmail(){
                // const emailObj = document.querySelector("#emailText")
                // console.log(emailObj.value)
    
                /* 
                    如何判断邮箱地址是否满足条件?
                            111@qq.com
                            具体要求:
                                    数字和字母开始 +@ +字母 + . + .com结尾
                            这个需要判断的字符串是变化的,不是固定的,
                            需要使用正则表达式
                 */
                console.log(emailObj.value)
    
                emailObj.addEventListener("blur",function(){
                    console.log("hh")
                })
    
                // if(rg.test(emailObj.value)){
                //     return true;
                // }else{
                //     return false;
                // }
            }
    
            /* 
                判断用户注册的手机号是否是未注册过的
                给文本框绑定以恶搞blur事件
             */
             window.addEventListener("load",function(){
                 const phonenumberObj = document.querySelector("#phonenumber1")
                 phonenumberObj.addEventListener("blur",function(){
                     /* 
                        判断1:手机号的长度是否是11位
                      */
                      if(phonenumberObj.value.length != 11){
                          console.log("手机号不满足要求")
                          phonenumberObj.setAttribute("class","form-control is-invalid")
                      }else{
                        phonenumberObj.setAttribute("class","form-control is-valid")
    
                      }
                      /* 
                        判断2:  手机号是否满足规范要求
                                是否都是和整数  :可以遍历字符串,判断每一个整数是否是0~9的区间,并且第一位不是0,是1
                       */
                       /* 
                            判断3: 需要请求后端服务器,判断这个手机号在后台的数据库是否存在,然后服务端再把结果发回来
                        */
                 })
    
                const emailObj = document.querySelector("#emailText")
                emailObj.addEventListener("blur",function(){
                    // console.log("haha")
                    if(rg.test(emailObj.value)){
                        console.log("格式正确")
                        emailObj.setAttribute("class","form-control is-valid")
                    }else {
                        console.log("格式错误")
                        emailObj.setAttribute("class","form-control is-invalid")
    
                    }
                })
                 
             })
        </script>
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <!-- 
            onsubit:提交form表单,如果onsubmit指定的函数返回true就会正常提交,返回false就不会提交
         -->
        <!-- <form class="form" onsubmit="return checkForm();"> -->
                <form class="form" >
    
    
            <!-- 
                offset-sm-2:向右偏移两个格子
    
             -->
            <div class="alert alert-primary text">新用户注册</div>
    
            <div class="form-group row">
                <label for="username" class="col-sm-2 offset-sm-2 col-form-label">手机号码</label>
                <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <input name="username" type="text" class="form-control" id="phonenumber1" placeholder="请输入手机号" required>
                    <small id="passwordHelpInline" class="form-text text-muted">
                        手机号必须是未注册过的.
                    </small>
                </div>
            </div>
    
            <div class="form-group row">
                <label for="password" class="col-sm-2 offset-sm-2 col-form-label">密码</label>
                <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <input name="pwd" type="password" class="form-control" id="password" placeholder="请输入密码" required>
                    <small id="passwordHelpInline" class="form-text text-muted">
                        密码必须是6-16位
                    </small>
                </div>
            </div>
    
            <div class="form-group row">
                <label for="rePassword" class="col-sm-2 offset-sm-2 col-form-label">确认密码</label>
                <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <input name="rePwd" type="password" class="form-control" id="rePassword" placeholder="请输入重复密码" required>
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                        两次密码不一致
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
    
            <div class="form-group row">
                <label for="emailText" class="col-sm-2 offset-sm-2 col-form-label">邮箱</label>
                <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <input name="text" type="email" class="form-control" id="emailText" placeholder="请输入邮箱" required>
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                        邮箱不符合格式
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
    
            <div class="form-group row">
                <!--  -->
                <div class="col-sm-4 offset-sm-4 center_btn">
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">确定</button>
                </div>
            </div>
    
        </form>
    </body>
    
    </html>

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