模版以及文件读写实验（C++）

题目一

       使用函数模板实现swap(&x,&y)交换两个实参变量a和b的指。

#include"iostream"
using namespace std;
template<class T>
T Swap(T&x , T&y){
	T temp=x;
	x=y;
	y=temp;
}
int main(){
	int m=3,n=2;
	cout<<"原本："<<endl;
	cout<<"m="<<m<<" "<<"n="<<n<<endl;
	Swap(m,n);
	cout<<"使用模版："<<endl;
	cout<<"m="<<m<<" "<<"n="<<n<<endl;
	return 0;
}

题目二

       编写一个复数类模板Complex，其数据成员real和image的类型未知，定义相同的成员函数，实现构造、输出、加、减等功能。在主函数中定义模板类对象，分别以int和double实例化类型参数，实现复数中的相关操作。

#include"iostream"
using namespace std;
template<class T>
class Complex{
	private:
		T real;
		T image;
	public:
		Complex(T real=0,T image=0):real(real),image(image){}//初始化列表 
		void show(){//输出函数 
			cout<<real<<"+"<<image<<"i"<<endl;
		}
		Complex operator+(Complex c){//加法 
			return Complex(real+c.real,image+c.image);
		}
		Complex operator-(Complex c){//减法 
			return Complex(real-c.real,image-c.image);
		}
};
int main(){
	cout<<"使用int实例化参数所得值：";
	Complex<int> c1(1,2);
	Complex<int> c2(3,4);
	Complex<int> c3=c2-c1;
	c3.show();
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<"使用double实例化参数所得值：";
	Complex<double> c4(2,2);
	Complex<double> c5(3,4);
	Complex<double> c6=c5-c4;
	c6.show();
	return 0;
}

题目三

       定义函数createFile创建一个文本文件person.txt，将n个Person对象写入文件，再定义函数readFile将文件中的信息读出显示在屏幕上

#include"iostream"
#include"string"
#include"fstream"
using namespace std;
class Person{
private:
	string name;	
	int age;
public:
	Person(string name="无",int age=1):name(name),age(age){}
	void show(){
	cout<<name<<","<<age<<endl;
}
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& in,Person& o);
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,const Person& o);
};
istream& operator>>(istream& in,Person& o){
	in>>o.name>>o.age;
	return in;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Person& o) {
	out<<o.name<<" "<<o.age;
	return out;
}
void createFile(string filename,const Person o[],const int len){
	ofstream out(filename.c_str(),ios::app);
	if(!out){
		cout<<"create file fail\n"<<endl;
		return;
}
	for(int i=0;i<len;i++){
		out<<o[i];
		if(i<len-1)
		out<<"\n";
}
	out.close();
}
void readFile(string filename){
	ifstream in(filename.c_str());
	if(!in){
		cout<<"open file fail\n"<< endl;
		return;
}
	while(!in.eof()){
		Person p;
		in>>p;
		p.show();
}
	in.close();
}
int main(){
	string filename="D:\\person.txt";
	Person o[5]={Person("小明",18),Person("小红",17),Person("小军",20)
		,Person("老强",40),Person("老登",50)};
	createFile(filename,o,5);
	readFile(filename);
	return 0;
}