概念:运行在服务器端的小程序
Servlet就是一个接口,定义了Java类被浏览器访问到(tomcat识别)的规则。
将来我们自定义一个类,实现servlet接口,复写方法。
Servlet!的生命周期方法:
1.被创建:执行init方法,只执行一次
2.提供服务:执行service方法,执行多次
3.被销毁:执行destroy方法,只执行一次
实现Serlvet接口类的代码样例
package webServlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/first.html")
public class ServletDemo implements Servlet {
//在servlet被创建时,执行,只会执行一次
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
}
//获取ServletConfig对象
//ServletConfig:servlet的配置对象
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
return null;
}
//每一次servlet被访问时,执行。执行多次
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("fsaffs");
}
//获取servlet的一些信息,版本,作者等等,
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
return null;
}
//销毁方法
//在服务器正常关闭时,执行,执行一次。
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
功能的代码样例:
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* 演示Request对象获取请求行数据
*/
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo1")
public class requestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取请求方式
String method =req.getMethod();
System.out.println(method);
//2.获取虚拟目录
String contextPath=req.getContextPath();
System.out.println(contextPath);
//3.获取Servlet路径
String servletPath=req.getServletPath();
System.out.println(servletPath);
//4.获取get方式请求参数
String queryString = req.getQueryString();
System.out.println(queryString);
//5.(*)获取请求URI:
String requestURI = req.getRequestURI();
StringBuffer requestURL = req.getRequestURL();
System.out.println(requestURI);
System.out.println(requestURL);
//6.获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1
String protocol = req.getProtocol();
System.out.println(protocol);
//7.获取客户机的IP地址
String remoteAddr = req.getRemoteAddr();
System.out.println(remoteAddr);
}
}
代码样例
package Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
/**
* 演示Request对象获取请求头数据
*/
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo2")
public class requestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
private Enumeration<String> headerNames;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取所有请求头名称
Enumeration<String> headerNames = req.getHeaderNames();
while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
//得到昵称
String name = headerNames.nextElement();
//根据昵称获得请求头的值
String value = req.getHeader(name);
System.out.println(name+"---"+value);
}
}
}
代码样例
package Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
/**
* 演示Request对象获取请求头数据
*/
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo3")
public class requestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求消息体--请求参数
//1.获得字符流
BufferedReader reader = req.getReader();
String line=null;
while((line=reader.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println(line);
}
}
}
对应的请求代码
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<!-- <meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">-->
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://localhost/servletStudy_war_exploded/RequestDemo3" method="get">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"><br>
<input type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="注册"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
代码样例
package Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 演示通用方法
*
*/
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo4")
public class requestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//根据参数名称获取参数值
String username = req.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("post");
System.out.println(username);
//根据参数名称获取参数值的数组(用于复选框)
String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
for (String hobby : hobbies) {
System.out.println(hobby);
}
//获取所有参数的昵称
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = req.getParameterNames();
while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
String string = parameterNames.nextElement();
System.out.println(string);
String parameter = req.getParameter(string);
System.out.println(parameter);
System.out.println("----------");
}
//获取所有参数的map集合
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = req.getParameterMap();
for(String key: parameterMap.keySet()){
String[] strings = parameterMap.get(key);
for (String string : strings) {
System.out.println(string);
}
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//根据参数名称获取参数值
/* String username = req.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("get");
System.out.println(username);*/
this.doPost(req,resp);
}
}
对应的html请求代码
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<!-- <meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">-->
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://localhost/servletStudy_war_exploded/RequestDemo4" method="get">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"><br>
<input type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password"><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="游戏">游戏
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="学习">学习
<input type="submit" value="注册"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>