第四章OSPF实验

二，实验要求
1、R4为ISP，其上只配置IP地址；R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP；
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；除了R12有两个环回，其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；
5、减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；
6、全网可达；

三，实验步骤及思路
1，配IP地址
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.32.1 19
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.168.34.1 19
[R1-LoopBack0]quit
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.32.2 19
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.168.35.2 24
[R2-LoopBack0]quit
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.168.32.3 19
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.3 24
[R3-LoopBack0]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24
[R3-Serial4/0/0]quit
R4]int s4/0/0
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial4/0/0]int s4/0/1
[R4-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial4/0/1]int s3/0/0
[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.4 24
[R4-LoopBack0]quit
[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24
[R5-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.168.3.5 24
[R5-LoopBack0]quit
[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24
[R6-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.6 30
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0 
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.6 24
[R6-LoopBack0]quit
[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.119
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.5.7 24
[R7-LoopBack0]quit
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.168.97.2 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.168.97.5 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.8 24
[R8-LoopBack0]quit
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.6 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0 
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.9 24
[R9-LoopBack0]quit
[R10]int l0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.10 24
[R10-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.5 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 30
[R11]int l0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.11 24
[R11-LoopBack0]quit
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.6 30
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R12-LoopBack0]iip add 172.16.160.12 24
 R12-LoopBack0]int l1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.161.12 24
[R12-LoopBack1]quit

2，用静态缺省配置公网通
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4
R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

PING测试

3，用ospf协议配置私网通
R1]ospf 1 ro    
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network  0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]quit
R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne    
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network  0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network  172.16.64.1 0.0.0.0
R11]ospf 1 router-id  11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne    
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net    
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0
在R12上起rip的进程
R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]v 2
[R12-rip-1]undo su    
[R12-rip-1]undo summary 
[R12-rip-1]net    
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
[R12-rip-1]quit
R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net    
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]quit
R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne    
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255.255
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]quit
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne    
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255
[R9-ospf-2]a 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.130.9 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]quit
[R10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-2]a 4
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]ne    
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0.0.31.255
[R5lospf 1 router-id 5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255

4.配置MGRE环境
（1）在R3上配置隧道IP地址，以R3为中心站点
[R3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.3 24 //配置隧道IP地址
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp //配置MGRE协议
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3 //封装源地址
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100 //开启NHRP协议
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic //开启NHRP的广播功能
（2）在R5是配置隧道IP地址，分支站点IP地址不固定，所以封装serial接口
[R5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address172.16.6.5 24
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source serial 4/0/0 //封装serial接口
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register //向中心站点宣告自己的信息
（3）在R6是配置隧道IP地址，分支站点IP地址不固定，所以封装serial接口
[R6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address172.16.6.6 24
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source serial 4/0/0 //封装serial接口
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register //向中心站点宣告自己的信息
（7）在R7是配置隧道IP地址，分支站点IP地址不固定，所以封装serial接口
[R7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address172.16.6.7 24
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet0/0/0 //封装GigabitEthernet接口
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register //向中心站点宣告自己的信息

5.配置路由协议，转递极端私网路由
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
R6]ospf 1
R6-ospf-1]a 0
R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R7lospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-0spf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
进到隧道接口， 更改接口类型
[R3lint Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunne10/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
R6]int Tunne1 0/0/0
R6-Tunne10/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0

R7-Tunne10/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
6.将R5,6,7的DR选取权关闭，只留一个DR选取
[R5lint Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunne10/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R6]int t 0/0/0
[R6-Tunne10/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R7]lint Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7-Tunne10/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

7.访问R4环回 ，做NAT
[R3]acl  2000
R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
R3-acl-basic-2000]quit 
[R3]int s4/0/0
[R3-Seria14/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[R3-seria14/0/0]quit
R61ac1 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
R6]int s4/0/0
R6-seria14/0/0]nat outbound 2000
R6-seria14/0/0]quit
[R7]int go/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

8.做区域聚合，减少LSA的更新数量。在ABR设备上做区域间聚合——在R3、R6和R7上做聚合。在ASBR设备上做域外聚合——在R9和R12上做聚合
（1）在R3上做area1的聚合
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
（2）在R6上做area2的聚合
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
（3）在R7上做area3的聚合
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
（4）在R9上做area4的聚合
[R9]ospf 1
[R9]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
（5）在R12上做RIP聚合
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0

9.手动进行防环处理

[R3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
[R6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[R9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
[R12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0

10.配置特殊区域
[Rl]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-ara-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 
[R1-ospf-1-ara-0.0.0.1]quit
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-ara-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 
[R2-ospf-1-ara-0.0.0.1]quit
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-ara-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 
[R3-ospf-1-ara-0.0.0.1]quit
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]a 2
[R2-ospf-1-ara-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 
[R2-ospf-1-ara-0.0.0.1]quit
 [R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[R11l0spf 1
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
IR12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
R12-0spf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-sumnary
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
R7-0spf-1-area-0.0.0.3lnssa  no-sumary
[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1][R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-sumary  
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1][R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-sumary  
R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]default
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise
[R9-ospf-2]quit

11.修改hello时间或死亡时间来加快收敛进程
（1）修改area1的hello时间
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
（2）修改area0的hello时间
[R3]interface serial 4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-Serial4/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-Serial3/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
（3）修改area2的hello时间
[R6]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
（4）修改area3的hello时间
[R7]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

（5）修改area4 的hello时间
[R9]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

R1pingR12环回12.做接口认证或区域认证，保障更新安全
（1）在area1配置区域认证
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
（2）在area2配置区域认证
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
（3）在area3配置区域认证
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
（4）在area4配置区域认证
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]area 0.0.0.4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
（5）在area0配置区域认证
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345

13.PING测试