第四章实验报告册

实验目的

1 除R5的环回地址以固定外，整个其他所有的网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理的IP地址划分

2 R1-R4每天路由器存在两个环回接口，用于模拟连接Pc的网段;地址也在192.168.1.0/24这个网络范围内

3 R1-R4上不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问

4 全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器，路由表条目的数量;避免环路出现

5 R4与R5间，正常1000M链路通信，故障时自动改为100M

进行ip地址划分

192.168.1.0000 0000-----192.168.1.0/27-----6条骨干链路

192.168.1.0000 0000---192.168.1.0/30

192.168.1.0000 0100---192.168.1.4/30

192.168.1.0000 1000---192.168.1.8/30

192.168.1.0000 1100---192.168.1.12/30

192.168.1.0001 0000---192.168.1.16/30

192.168.1.0001 0100---192.168.1.20/30

192.168.1.0001 1000---192.168.1.24/30

192.168.1.0001 1100---192.168.1.28/30

192.168.1.0010 0000-----192.168.1.32/27---R1环回

192.168.1.0010 0000---192.168.1.32/28----L0

192.168.1.0011 0000---192.168.1.48/28---L1

192.168.1.0100 0000-----192.168.1.64/27---R2环回

192.168.1.0100 0000----192.168.1.64/28----L0

192.168.1.0101 0000---192.168.1.80/28-----L1

192.168.1.0110 0000-----192.168.1.96/27---R3环回

192.168.1.0110 0000----192.168.1.96/28----L0

192.168.1.0111 0000----192.168.1.112/28----L1

192.168.1.1000 0000-----192.168.1.128/27---R4环回

192.168.1.1000 0000----192.168.1.128/28---L0

192.168.1.1001 0000----192.168.1.144/28---L1

骨干网络划分

由于骨干网络总共6个网段，需要把192.168.1.0/27划分为192.168.1.0/30等8个网段
192.168.1.0/27 借3位
192.168.1.0 /30----R1与R2之间网段
192.168.1.4 /30----R2与R4之间网段
192.168.1.8 /30----R1与R3之间网段
192.168.1.12 /30----R2与R4之间网段
192.168.1.16/30-------1000M网段
192.168.1.20/30-------100M网段

接口配置IP

[R1]interface g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30
[R2]interface g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30
[R3]interface g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.13 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.6 30
[R4]interface g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]interface g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30

R1~R4上各两个回环

具体配置

[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28
[R1-LoopBack0]interface LooPBack 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28
[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28
[R2-LoopBack0]interface LoopBack 1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28
[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28
[R3-LoopBack0]interface LoopBack 1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28
[R4]interface LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28
[R4-LoopBack0]quit
[R4]interface LoopBack 1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28
[R5]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24

实现第三个要求：不能直接写到5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，所以要用到扩展配置中的缺省路由

R1R2R3R4为了减少路由表数量需要汇总

192.168.1.32/27 ----R1环回 192.168.1.32/28 192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.64/27 --- R2环回 192.168.1.64/28 192.168.1.80/28
192.168.1.96 /27 ---R3环回192.168.1.96/28 192.168.1.112/28
192.168.1.128 /27 ---R4环回 192.168.1.128/28 192.168.1.144/28

为了避免出现环路需要在每个路由器上设置一个空接口路由

实现全网可达

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]display ip routing-table protocol static

Ping测试

R4与R5间，正常1000M链路通信，故障时自动改为100M

静态默认优先级为60 数值越小。优先级越高

具体实现

如果故障时改为100M，关闭R4上0/0/2接口前去往R5的路径

再打开R4上0/0/2接口