安卓应用开发数鸭子

实验报告

• 实验目的

1.熟悉广播机制的概述，能够归纳广播机制的实现流程；

2.掌握广播接收者的创建方式，能够独立创建广播接收者；

3.掌握自定义广播的方式，能够通过自定义广播实现饭堂小广播案例；

4.熟悉广播的类型，能够归纳有序广播与无序广播的工作流程。

• 实验工具

Android studio。

• 实验内容

运行效果图如下：

1. 完成上图的布局；
2. 通过一个有序数鸭子的案例展示如何发送有序广播、根据广播接收者的优先级顺序接收广播、拦截广播。

• 实验过程（含代码）

1搭建数鸭子界面布局：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@drawable/count_ducks_bg">
   <RelativeLayout
       android:layout_width="match_parent"
       android:layout_height="wrap_content"
       android:layout_marginTop="40dp"
       android:layout_marginLeft="80dp">
       <ImageView
           android:id="@+id/iv_horn"
           android:layout_width="wrap_content"
           android:layout_height="wrap_content"
           android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
           android:src="@drawable/horn"/>
       <TextView
           android:id="@+id/tv_left_content"
           android:layout_width="wrap_content"
           android:layout_height="wrap_content"
           android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/iv_horn"
           android:background="@drawable/content_left_bg"
           android:gravity="center"
           android:text="有序报数"
           android:textColor="@android:color/white"
           android:visibility="gone"/>
   </RelativeLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:gravity="center_horizontal">
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginTop="250dp"
            android:orientation="vertical">
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_one"
                style="@style/badge_style"/>

            <ImageView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:src="@drawable/duck" />
        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginTop="250dp"
            android:orientation="vertical">
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_two"
                style="@style/badge_style"/>
            <ImageView
                style="@style/duck_style"/>
        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginTop="250dp"
            android:orientation="vertical">
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_three"
                style="@style/badge_style"/>
            <ImageView
                style="@style/duck_style"/>
        </LinearLayout>
    </LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

  创建badge_bg.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle">
    <gradient
        android:endColor="#fe451d"
        android:startColor="#fe957f"
        android:type="linear"/>
    <corners android:radius="180dp"/>
</shape>

定义序号控件的样式badge_style

Styles.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<style name="badge_style">
    <item name="android:layout_width">20dp</item>
    <item name="android:layout_height">20dp</item>
    <item name="android:layout_marginLeft">10dp</item>
    <item name="android:paddingLeft">2dp</item>
    <item name="android:paddingRight">2dp</item>
    <item name="android:textColor">@android:color/white</item>
    <item name="android:gravity">center</item>
    <item name="android:background">@drawable/badge_bg</item>
    <item name="android:textStyle">bold</item>
    <item name="android:textSize">12sp</item>
    <item name="android:visibility">gone</item>
</style>
<style name="duck_style">
    <item name="android:layout_width">wrap_content</item>
    <item name="android:layout_height">wrap_content</item>
    <item name="android:src">@drawable/duck</item>
</style>
</resources>

2：实现数鸭子界面的功能：

package com.example.countducks;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
//import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private MyBroadcastReceiverOne one;
    private MyBroadcastReceiverTwo two;
    private MyBroadcastReceiverThree three;
    private ImageView iv_horn;
    private TextView tv_left_content, tv_one, tv_two, tv_three;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        registerReceiver();
        init();
    }
    private void init() {
        iv_horn = findViewById(R.id.iv_horn);
        tv_left_content = findViewById(R.id.tv_left_content);
        tv_one = findViewById(R.id.tv_one);
        tv_two = findViewById(R.id.tv_two);
        tv_three = findViewById(R.id.tv_three);
        iv_horn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                tv_left_content.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                iv_horn.setClickable(false);  //设置喇叭图片为不可点击的状态
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setAction("Count_Ducks");      // 定义广播的事件类型
                sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);  // 发送有序广播
//                MyBroadcastReceiverThree receiver = new MyBroadcastReceiverThree();
//                sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null,receiver, null, 0, null, null); // 发送有序广播
            }
        });
    }

//修改广播接收者的优先级
    private void registerReceiver() {
        // 动态注册MyBroadcastReceiverTwo广播
        two = new MyBroadcastReceiverTwo();
        IntentFilter filter2 = new IntentFilter();
        filter2.setPriority(1000);
        filter2.addAction("Count_Ducks");
        registerReceiver(two, filter2);
        // 动态注册MyBroadcastReceiverOne广播
        one = new MyBroadcastReceiverOne();
        IntentFilter filter1 = new IntentFilter();
        filter1.setPriority(1000);
        filter1.addAction("Count_Ducks");
        registerReceiver(one, filter1);

        // 动态注册MyBroadcastReceiverThree广播
        three = new MyBroadcastReceiverThree();
        IntentFilter filter3 = new IntentFilter();
        filter3.setPriority(600);
        filter3.addAction("Count_Ducks");
        registerReceiver(three, filter3);
    }

    private int num=0; // 存放序号的变量
    class MyBroadcastReceiverOne extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            tv_one.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            num=num+1;
            tv_one.setText(num+"");
            Log.i("BroadcastReceiverOne", "广播接收者One,接收到了广播消息");
            delay();
        }
    }
    class MyBroadcastReceiverTwo extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            tv_two.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            num=num+1;
            tv_two.setText(num+"");
            Log.i("BroadcastReceiverTwo", "广播接收者Two,接收到了广播消息");
            abortBroadcast(); //拦截有序广播
            Log.i("BroadcastReceiverTwo","我是广播接收者Two，广播消息被我拦截了");
            delay();
        }
    }
    class MyBroadcastReceiverThree extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            tv_three.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            num=num+1;
            tv_three.setText(num + "");
            Log.i("BroadcastReceiverThree", "广播接收者Three,接收到了广播消息");
            delay();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 延迟500毫秒
     */
    private void delay(){
        try {
            Thread.sleep(500);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(one);
        unregisterReceiver(two);
        unregisterReceiver(three);
    }
}

• 运行结果与分析

修改广播接收者优先级：

• 实验体会与收获

1通过数鸭子实验简单实践并熟悉广播机制的使用。有序广播实现根据接收者优先级高低依次接收广播信息，还实现了拦截广播。

2通过实验，更深刻地理解了Android系统中广播（Broadcast）的概念和工作原理，包括它如何被发送和接收。

3学会了如何通过代码动态注册广播接收器，以及如何在AndroidManifest.xml中静态注册。了解两者的区别和适用场景。

4体会到了广播接收器在提升用户体验方面的潜力，比如通过接收网络状态变化的广播来更新应用的网络连接指示。

5通过编写和测试代码，提高了自己的编程技能，尤其是在处理异步事件和系统级交互方面。

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