一、实验需求
1.R4为ISP,其上只能配置IP地址;R4与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP
2.R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
3.整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;
4.所有设备均可访问R4的环回;
5.减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;
6.全网可达
二、实验步骤
1.根据实验要求先进行合理的IP地址(172.16.0.0/16)划分
172.16.1.0 24--骨干链路(MA骨干)/29---区域0
172.16.1.0 29
172.16.1.8 29
172.16.1.16 29
172.16.32.0 19--区域1
172.16.32.0 24--P2P
172.16.32.0 30
172.16.32.4 30
172.16.32.8 30......
172.16.33.0 24 --MA
172.16.33.0 29
172.16.33.8 29
172.16.33.16 29......
172.16.34.0 24--用户
172.16.35.0 24......
172.16.64.0 19--区域2
172.16.64.0 24 P2P
172.16.64.0 30
172.16.64.4 30
172.16.64.8 30......
172.16.65.0 24--MA
172.16.65.0 29
172.16.65.8 29
172.16.65.16 29......
172.16.66.0 24
172.16.67.0 24......
172.16.96.0 19--区域3
172.16.96.0 24-P2P
172.16.96.0 30
172.16.96.4 30......
172.16.97.0 24-MA
172.16.97.0 29
172.16.97.8 29......
172.16.98.0 24
172.16.99.0 24......
172.16.128.0 19--区域4
172.16.128.0 24 -P2P
172.16.128.0 30
172.16.128.4 30......
172.16.129.0 24-MA
172.16.129.0 29
172.16.129.8 29......
172.16.130.0 24
172.16.131.0 24......
172.16.160.0 19--RIP
172.16.160.0 24
172.16.161.0 24......
172.16.192.0/19
172.16.224.0/19
2.给区域0配置IP地址、缺省、环回
R3
IP:
[r3]interface Serial 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.1 24
缺省:
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2
R4 (ISP)
IP:
[isp]interface Serial 4/0/0
[isp-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial4/0/0]q
[isp]interface Serial 4/0/1
[isp-Serial4/0/1]ip add
[isp-Serial4/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial4/0/1]q
[isp]int
[isp]interface s
[isp]interface Serial 3/0/0
[isp-Serial3/0/0]ip add
[isp-Serial3/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial3/0/0]q
[isp]in
[isp]interface g
[isp]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[isp-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[isp-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.2 24
[isp-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
环回:
[isp]int
[isp]interface l0
[isp-LoopBack0]ip add
[isp-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.0.1 24
R5
IP:
[r5]interface Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 45.0.0.1 24
缺省:
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.2
环回:
[r5]int
[r5]interface l0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.1 24
R6
IP:
[r6]interface Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.1 24
缺省:
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.2
环回:
[r6]int
[r6]interface l0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add
[r6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.1 24
R7
IP:
[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.1 24
缺省:
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.2
环回:
[r7]int
[r7]interface l0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add
[r7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.1 24
3. R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点
[r3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.1 29
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic ---给R3中心开启伪广播
[r5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.2 29
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
[r6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.3 29
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
[r7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.4 29
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
最后检查一下是否成功确保后续操作
4.给其他区域的路由器接口配置IP及环回地址
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.1 29
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r1]interface l0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.34.1 24
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.2 29
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r2]interface l0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.35.1 24
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.3 29
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r3]interface l0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.36.1 24
[r6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.64.1 30
[r11]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.64.2 30
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r11]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.64.5 30
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r11]interface l0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.66.1 24
[r12]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.64.6 30
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r12]interface l0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.160.1 24
[r12-LoopBack0]q
[r12]interface l1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.161.1 24[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.96.1 30
[r8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.96.2 30
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.96.5 30
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r8]interface l0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.98.1 24[r9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.168.96.6 30
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.128.1 30
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r9]interface l0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip address 192.16.130.1 24[r10]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.128.2 30
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r10]interface l0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.131.1 24
5. 启动OSPF协议(需在r3r5r6r7上更改OSPF的网络类型)和r12的rip
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.31.255[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.31.255[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.3 0.0.0.0[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.36.1 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp----更改OSPF的网络类型为p2mp/broadcast
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.1 0.0.0.0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.2 0.0.0.0[r5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp----更改OSPF的网络类型为p2mp/broadcast
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.1 0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.3 0.0.0.0[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.1 0.0.0.0[r6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp----更改OSPF的网络类型为p2mp/broadcast[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.1 0.0.0.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.0[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.1 0.0.0.0[r7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp----更改OSPF的网络类型为p2mp/broadcast[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.1.1.1
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.0 0.0.31.255[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.1.1.1
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.0 0.0.31.255[r12]rip
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.6 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1]area 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.31.255
[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.1.1.1
[r10-ospf-1]area 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.31.255
由于rip为域外路由和区域4为不规则区域
则需要在asbr设备上进行重发布:[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip
由于要求中需要减少LSA的更新量则在区域4中不选择建立隧道和设置v-link(做隧道会造成重复更新,如若做v-link区域三和区域四则不能做优化)而是做一个多进程的双向重发布。r9和r10上的ospf协议可以undo掉,然后新建一个ospf 2 再在ospf1中引入ospf 2。
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo network 172.16.128.0 0.0.31.255
[r9-ospf-1]undo area 4
[r9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-2]area 0
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.31.255[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2------再在ospf1中引入ospf 2[r10]undo ospf 1
Warning: The OSPF process will be deleted. Continue? [Y/N]:y
[r10]ospf 2 router-id 10.1.1.1[r10-ospf-2]area 0
[r10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.31.255
6.优化(域外汇总和域间汇总)
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
7.做特殊区域
[r1]ospf
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r2]ospf
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise------给r10下发缺省
8.配置nat,访问公网
[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3-acl-basic-2000]q
[r3]interface Serial 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000[r5]acl 2000
[r5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r5-acl-basic-2000]q
[r5]interface Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]q
[r6]int Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]q
[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
9. 加快收敛,修改hello时间
[r3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5[r6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
10.保证更新安全,增加区域认证
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456其他区域亦如此。