【MAST20005】Statistics

MAST 20005 Statistics Summer 2024

Assignment 2

Due: 11 pm, Tuesday 6 February 2024

Please have your name, student number, and your tutor’s name clearly displayed

on the first page.

Instructions:

See the LMS for the full instructions, including the submission policy and

how to submit your assignment. Remember to submit early and often: multiple submission

are allowed, we will only mark your final one. Late submissions will receive zero marks.

Questions labeled with ‘ (R) ’ require use of R. Please provide appropriate R commands and

their output, along with sufficient explanation and interpretation of the output to demon

strate your understanding. Such R output should be presented in an integrated form

together with your explanations; do not attach them as separate sheets. All other

questions should be completed without reference to any R commands or output. Make sure

you give enough explanation so your tutor can follow your reasoning if you happen to make

a mistake. Please also try to be as succinct as possible. Each assignment will include marks

for good presentation and for attempting all problems.

1. Assume that the distribution of X is N( µ, 25). To test the null hypothesis H 0 : µ = 10

against the alternative hypothesis H 1 : µ < 10, let the critical region be defined by

C = {

¯

x

: ¯

x ≤ 8 } , where ¯

x is the sample mean of a random sample of size n = 25 from

N( µ, 25).

(a) Find the power of this test as a function of the parameter µ , denoted as K ( µ ).

Hint: power is a function of the true parameter value.

(b) What is the significance level of the test?

(c) What are the values of K (8) and K (6) (the values of the power function when

µ = 8 and µ = 6)?

(d) (R) Sketch a graph of the power function. Hint: you may try µ from 4 to 12 .

(e) What conclusion do you draw from the following 25 observations of X ?

12.1 24.0 9.8 7.0 6.0 6.9 6.8 9.5

11.8 10.1 8.1 0.1 4.7 13.6 11.3 7.2 0.4

10.7 13.1 7.0 18.4 4.0 2.8 12.0 15.9

(f) What is the p-value of the test based on the observations in (e)?

3. In basketball, free throws or foul shots are unopposed attempts to score points by

shooting from behind the free throw line (informally known as the foul line or the

charity stripe), a line situated at the end of the restricted area. Free throws are

generally awarded after a foul on the shooter by the opposing team, analogous to

penalty shots in other team sports (from Wikipedia ). Let p 1 be the probability of

marking a successful free throw for a particular player (Player A). Since p 1 = 0 .7,

Player A decided to take a special training in order to increase p 1 . After the training

was completed, Player A made 117 free throws out of 150 attempts.

(a) Test whether the training improved Player A’s free throw probability p 1 or not,

that is, test H 0 : p 1 = 0 . 7 against H 1 : p 1 > 0 . 7 at α = 0 . 05 significance level.

(b) We want to compared Player A (after training) and another player (Player B) in

terms of their free throw probabilities. Let p 2 be the population proportion of

successful free throw shots for Player B. For Player B, he made 109 free throws out

of 128 attempts. Test H 0 : p 1 = p 2 against the alternative hypothesis H 1 : p 1 < p 2

at α = 0 . 05 significance level.