离散数学--图论

离散数学及其应用

---No Notion笔记

CHAPTER 10 Graphs

10.1 Introduction to Graphs 图的概述

Types of Graphs 图的种类

Undirected Graphs 无向图

simple graphs 简单图

Multi-graph 多重图

Pseudo-graph 伪图

Definition 1 Simple Graph

A simple Graph G=(V,E) consists of vertices ,V,and edges, E,connecting distinct elements of V.

简单图G=(V,E) 是由非空顶点集V和边集E所组成的，V的不同元素的无需对称称为边

• no loops

• can`t have multiple edges joining vertices 两个顶点间最多有一条边

• A multi-graph allows multiple edges for tow vertices.

• A pseudo-graph is a multi-graph which permits loops.伪图是可以存在环的多重图

各种无向图之间的关系

简单图包含于多重图，多重图包含于伪图

Definition 2 (Directed Graph)

In a directed graph G=(V,E) the edges are ordered pairs(有序对) of

(not necessarily distinct) vertices.

有向图G=(V,E)是由非空顶点集、边集E所组成的，边V中元素的有序对。允许有环，但不允许有相同的多重边。

In a directed multi-graph G=(V,E) the edges are ordered pairs of (not necessarily distinct) vertices, and in addition there may be multiple edges .

有向多重图可能存在多重边

Graph Models 图模型

铁路模型（无向图） 循环赛制竞标赛模型（有向图）