数据结构-排序算法图解-笔记分享

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1

#include "sort.h"
#include "stack.h"

void PrintArray(int* a, int n)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", a[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");
}

//时间复杂度(最坏):O(N^2) 逆序
//时间复杂度(最好):O(N) 顺序
//空间复杂度:O(1)
void InsertSort(int* a, int n)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
	{
		int end = i;
		int tmp = a[i + 1];
		while (end >= 0)
		{
			if (a[end] > tmp)
			{
				a[end + 1] = a[end];
				end--;
			}
			else
			{
				break;
			}
		}
		a[end + 1] = tmp;
	}
}

void ShellSort(int* a, int n)
{
	int gap = n;
	while (gap > 1)
	{
		gap = gap / 3 + 1;//官方推荐，最后一次gap一定为1
		//gap = gap / 2;//预排的多
		for (int i = 0; i < n - gap; i++)
		{
			int end = i;
			int tmp = a[end + gap];
			while (end >= 0)
			{
				if (a[end] > tmp)
				{
					a[end + gap] = a[end];
					end -= gap;
				}
				else
				{
					break;
				}
			}
			a[end + gap] = tmp;
		}
	}
}

void BubbleSort(int* a, int n)
{
	for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
	{
		bool exchange = false;
		for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
		{
			if (a[i - 1] > a[i])
			{
				int tmp = a[i];
				a[i] = a[i - 1];
				a[i - 1] = tmp;
				exchange = true;
			}
		}
		if (exchange == false)
			break;
	}
}

void Swap(int* num1, int* num2)
{
	int tmp = *num1;
	*num1 = *num2;
	*num2 = tmp;
}

void SelectSort(int* a, int n)
{
	int begin = 0;
	int end = n - 1;
	while (begin < end)
	{
		int maxi = begin;
		int mini = begin;
		for (int i = begin; i <= end; i++)
		{
			if (a[i] > a[maxi])
			{
				maxi = i;
			}
			if (a[i] < a[mini])
			{
				mini = i;
			}
		}
		Swap(&a[begin], &a[mini]);
		if (begin == maxi)
		{
			maxi = mini;
		}
		Swap(&a[end], &a[maxi]);
		begin++;
		end--;
	}
}

void AdjustDown(int* a, int size, int parent)
{
	int child = parent * 2 + 1;
	while (child < size)
	{
		if (a[child] < a[child + 1] && child + 1 < size)
		{
			child++;
		}
		if (a[parent] < a[child])
		{
			Swap(&a[parent], &a[child]);
			parent = child;
			child = parent * 2 + 1;
		}
		else
		{
			break;
		}
	}
}

void HeapSort(int* a, int n)
{
	for (int i = (n - 1 - 1) / 2; i >= 0; i--)
	{
		AdjustDown(a, n, i);
	}
	int end = n - 1;
	while (end > 0)
	{
		Swap(&a[0], &a[end]);
		AdjustDown(a, end, 0);
		end--;
	}
}

//快排优化，三数取中
int GetMidIndex(int* a, int left, int right)
{
	int mid = (left + right) / 2;
	if (a[left] < a[mid])
	{
		if (a[mid] < a[right])
			return mid;
		else if (a[left] < a[right])
			return right;
		else
			return left;
	}
	else // a[left] > a[mid]
	{
		if (a[mid] > a[right])
			return mid;
		else if (a[left] > a[right])
			return right;
		else
			return left;
	}
}

//单趟排序，霍尔法
int PartSort1(int* a, int left, int right)
{
	int midi = GetMidIndex(a, left, right);
	Swap(&a[left], &a[midi]);

	int keyi = left;
	while (left < right)
	{
		while (left < right && a[right] >= a[keyi])
		{
			right--;
		}
		while (left < right && a[left] <= a[keyi])
		{
			left++;
		}
		Swap(&a[left], &a[right]);
	}
	Swap(&a[keyi], &a[left]);
	return left;
}

//单趟排序，挖坑法
int PartSort2(int* a, int left, int right)
{
	int midi = GetMidIndex(a, left, right);
	Swap(&a[left], &a[midi]);

	int key = a[left];
	int hole = left;
	while (left < right)
	{
		while (left < right && a[right] >= key)
		{
			right--;
		}
		a[hole] = a[right];
		hole = right;
		while (left < right && a[left] <= key)
		{
			left++;
		}
		a[hole] = a[left];
		hole = left;
	}
	a[hole] = key;
	return hole;
}

//单趟排序，前后指针法
int PartSort3(int* a, int left, int right)
{
	int midi = GetMidIndex(a, left, right);
	Swap(&a[left], &a[midi]);

	int prev = left;
	int cur = left + 1;
	int keyi = prev;
	while (cur <= right)
	{
		if (a[cur] < a[keyi])
		{
			prev++;
			Swap(&a[prev], &a[cur]);
		}
		cur++;
	}
	Swap(&a[keyi], &a[prev]);
	return prev;
}

//快排优化，三路划分
void QuickSort_3Line(int* a, int begin, int end)
{
	if (begin >= end)
		return;
	int left = begin;
	int right = end;
	int cur = left + 1;

	int midi = GetMidIndex(a, left, right);
	Swap(&a[left], &a[midi]);
	int key = a[left];

	while (cur <= right)
	{
		if (a[cur] < key)
		{
			Swap(&a[cur], &a[left]);
			cur++;
			left++;
		}
		else if (a[cur] > key)
		{
			Swap(&a[cur], &a[right]);
			right--;
		}
		else
		{
			cur++;
		}
	}
	QuickSort_3Line(a, begin, left - 1);
	QuickSort_3Line(a, right + 1, end);
}

//时间复杂度：O(N*logN)
//空间复杂度：O(N)
void QuickSort(int* a, int begin, int end)
{
	if (begin >= end)
		return;
	int key = PartSort3(a, begin, end);
	QuickSort(a, begin, key - 1);
	QuickSort(a, key + 1, end);
}

void QuickSort_NonR(int* a, int begin, int end)
{
	Stack stack;
	STInit(&stack);
	STPush(&stack, end);
	STPush(&stack, begin);
	while (!STEmpty(&stack))
	{
		int left = STTop(&stack);
		STPop(&stack);
		int right = STTop(&stack);
		STPop(&stack);
		int keyi = PartSort3(a, left, right);
		if (keyi + 1 < right)
		{
			STPush(&stack, right);
			STPush(&stack, keyi + 1);
		}
		if (keyi - 1 > left)
		{
			STPush(&stack, keyi - 1);
			STPush(&stack, left);
		}
	}
	STDestroy(&stack);
}

//时间复杂度：O(N*logN)
//空间复杂度：O(N)
void _MergeSort(int* a, int* tmp, int begin, int end)
{
	if (begin == end)
	{
		return;
	}
	if (end - begin + 1 < 10)
	{
		InsertSort(a + begin, end - begin + 1);//小区间优化 约20%性能差距
		return;
	}
	int mid = (begin + end) / 2;
	_MergeSort(a, tmp, begin, mid);
	_MergeSort(a, tmp, mid + 1, end);

	int begin1 = begin;
	int end1 = mid;
	int begin2 = mid + 1;
	int end2 = end;
	int i = begin;
	while (begin1 <= end1 && begin2 <= end2)
	{
		if (a[begin1] <= a[begin2])
		{
			tmp[i++] = a[begin1++];
		}
		else
		{
			tmp[i++] = a[begin2++];
		}
	}
	while (begin1 <= end1)
	{
		tmp[i++] = a[begin1++];
	}
	while (begin2 <= end2)
	{
		tmp[i++] = a[begin2++];
	}
	memcpy(a + begin, tmp + begin, sizeof(int) * (end - begin + 1));
}

void MergeSort(int* a, int n)
{
	int* tmp = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * n);
	_MergeSort(a, tmp, 0, n - 1);
	free(tmp);
}

void MergeSort_NonR(int* a, int n)
{
	int* tmp = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * n);
	assert(tmp);
	int gap = 1;
	while (gap < n)
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i += 2 * gap)
		{
			int begin1 = i;
			int end1 = i + gap - 1;
			int begin2 = i + gap;
			int end2 = i + 2 * gap - 1;
			int j = i;
			if (end1 >= n || begin2 >= n)
			{
				break;
			}
			if (end2 >= n)
			{
				end2 = n - 1;
			}
			while (begin1 <= end1 && begin2 <= end2)
			{
				if (a[begin1] < a[begin2])
				{
					tmp[j++] = a[begin1++];
				}
				else
				{
					tmp[j++] = a[begin2++];
				}
			}
			while (begin1 <= end1)
			{
				tmp[j++] = a[begin1++];
			}
			while (begin2 <= end2)
			{
				tmp[j++] = a[begin2++];
			}
			memcpy(a + i, tmp + i, sizeof(int) * (end2 - i + 1));
		}
		gap *= 2;
	}
	free(tmp);
}

//时间复杂度：O(N+range)
//空间复杂度：O(range)
void CountSort(int* a, int n) 
{
	int max = a[0];
	int min = a[0];
	for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
	{
		if (a[i] > max)
		{
			max = a[i];
		}
		if (a[i] < min)
		{
			min = a[i];
		}
	}
	int range = max - min + 1;
	int* countA = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * range);
	memset(countA, 0, sizeof(int) * range);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		countA[a[i] - min]++;
	}
	int j = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < range; i++)
	{
		while (countA[i]--)
		{
			a[j++] = i + min;
		}
	}
}