#来自ゾフィー(佐菲)
1 反射(Reflect)
运行期间,获取类的信息,进行一些操作。
- 运行时构造类的对象。
- 运行时获取类的成员变量和方法。
- 运行时调用对象的方法(属性)。
2 Class 类
Class 类封装了类的所有信息。
//1.类名.class -> Person.class //2.对象.getClass() -> person.getClass() //3.Class.forName(类全名) -> Class.forName("com.yoyiyi.test.Person")
3 Class 常用方法
Person.java
public class Person { String name; private int age; public Person(String name, int age) { super(); this.name = name; this.age = age; System.out.println("有参数构造器"); } public Person() { super(); System.out.println("无参数构造器"); } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } private void privateMethod() { System.out.println("私有方法"); } } public class TestReflec { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Class<Person> clazz = (Class<Person>) Class.forName("demo02.Person"); /***1.构造器**/ //获取所有的构造器 Constructor<Person>[] constructors = (Constructor<Person>[]) clazz.getConstructors(); for (Constructor<Person> c : constructors) { System.out.println(c); } //获取某一个构造器 Constructor<Person> constructor = clazz.getConstructor(String.class, int.class); //创建对象 constructor.newInstance("Jack", 89); /**2.方法**/ //获取类所有方法,包括父类,私有方法不能获取到 Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods(); for (Method method : methods) { System.out.println(method.getName()); } //获取当前类所有方法,包括私有方法 Method[] methods1 = clazz.getDeclaredMethods(); for (Method method : methods1) { System.out.println(method.getName()); } //获取指定方法 Method setName = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class); Method setAge = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("setAge", int.class); System.out.println(setName.getName()); System.out.println(setAge.getName()); //调用某一个方法 Person person = clazz.newInstance(); setAge.invoke(person, 89); System.out.println(person.getAge()); /**3.属性**/ //获取当前类的属性,不包括父类 Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields(); for (Field field : fields) { System.out.println(field.getName()); } //获取当前类的指定属性 Field name = clazz.getDeclaredField("name"); System.out.println(name.getName()); //获取属性的值 Person person1 = new Person("Maria", 7); String s = (String) name.get(person1); System.out.println(s); //设置对象的值 Person person2 = new Person(); Field age = clazz.getDeclaredField("age"); age.setAccessible(true); //私有属性,设置 setAccessible(true) age.set(person2, 5); System.out.println(person2.getAge()); //获取当前类的指定私有属性 Field age2 = clazz.getDeclaredField("age"); age2.setAccessible(true); System.out.println(age2.getName()); } }
4 代理模式
为其他对象提供一种代理以控制对这个对象的访问(代理类相当于一个中介)。
4.1 静态代理
//ISeller.java public interface ISeller { void sell(); } //Factory.java public class Factory implements ISeller { @Override public void sell() { System.out.println("厂家直销"); } } //Daigou.java public class Daigou implements ISeller { private ISeller seller; public Daigou(ISeller seller) { this.seller = seller; } @Override public void buy() { doBefore(); //真正调用的持有的类的方法 mSeller.sell(); doAfter(); } private void doBefore() { System.out.println("加价899"); } private void doAfter() { System.out.println("提供售后"); } } //TestProxy.java public class TestProxy { public static void main(String[] args) { Factory factory = new Factory(); Daigou daigou = new Daigou(factory); daigou.buy(); } } //假如我们买一个面膜,找到代购,代购其实也是别处买的,代购加价 899 元卖给你,我们不直接和厂家发生关系,这种就是一个代理模型
代理模式可以在不修改被代理对象的基础上,通过扩展代理类,进行一些功能的附加与增强。值得注意的是,代理类和被代理类应该共同实现一个接口,或者是共同继承某个类。
但是有弊端,假如这人不仅不仅要面膜,还要核导弹、航空母舰等等,就创建了许多代理类。
4.2 动态代理
//ISeller.java public interface ISeller { void sell(); } //SuperDaigou.java public class SuperDaigou implements ISeller { @Override public void sell() { System.out.println("超级代购"); } } //ProxyHandler.java public class ProxyHandler implements InvocationHandler { //声明目标对象 private ISeller target; public ProxyHandler(ISeller target) { this.target = target; } @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { doBefore(); Object invoke = method.invoke(target, args); doAfter(); return invoke; } //得到代理对象 public Object getProxyInstance() { return Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.getClass().getClassLoader(), target.getClass().getInterfaces(), this); } private void doBefore() { System.out.println("加价899"); } private void doAfter() { System.out.println("提供售后"); } } public class TestProxy { public static void main(String[] args) { SuperDaigou superDaigou = new SuperDaigou(); ProxyHandler handler = new ProxyHandler(superDaigou); //增强原来的方法 ISeller seller = (ISeller) handler.getProxyInstance(); seller.sell(); } }
由于使用了反射,效率比较低。
5 动态代理原理解析
//Proxy.java public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces, InvocationHandler h) throws IllegalArgumentException { Objects.requireNonNull(h); final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone(); final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager(); if (sm != null) { checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs); } //1.动态生成 class 文件字节流,然后通过 loader 加载此字节流创建代理类 class Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs); /* * Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler. */ try { if (sm != null) { checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl); } final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams); final InvocationHandler ih = h; if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) { AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() { public Void run() { cons.setAccessible(true); return null; } }); } //2.获取代理类的类构造对象 return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h}); } catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { Throwable t = e.getCause(); if (t instanceof RuntimeException) { throw (RuntimeException) t; } else { throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t); } } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e); } } //Proxy.java private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>... interfaces) { if (interfaces.length > 65535) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded"); } // If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing // the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy; // otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces); } // WeakCache.java public V get(K key, P parameter) { Objects.requireNonNull(parameter); expungeStaleEntries(); Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue); // 根据cachekey获取键值对valuesMap, valuesMap的key是接口列表的包装类,value是动态生成代理类的包装类 ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey); if (valuesMap == null) { ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap = map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey, valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>()); if (oldValuesMap != null) { valuesMap = oldValuesMap; } } // create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that //核心:获取代理类 ProxyClassFactory#apply Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter)); Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey); Factory factory = null; while (true) { if (supplier != null) { // supplier might be a Factory or a CacheValue<V> instance V value = supplier.get(); if (value != null) { return value; } } // else no supplier in cache // or a supplier that returned null (could be a cleared CacheValue // or a Factory that wasn't successful in installing the CacheValue) // 如果动态生成代理类的工厂类为空,则创建新的工厂类 if (factory == null) { factory = new Factory(key, parameter, subKey, valuesMap); } if (supplier == null) { //工厂类的包装类为空,则创建新的包装类supplier supplier = valuesMap.putIfAbsent(subKey, factory); if (supplier == null) { // successfully installed Factory supplier = factory; } // else retry with winning supplier } else { if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, supplier, factory)) { // successfully replaced // cleared CacheEntry / unsuccessful Factory // with our Factory supplier = factory; } else { // retry with current supplier supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey); } } } } //以上代码:通过 map 来存储动态生成的代理类,其中 key 是接口的包装类,value 是动态代理类的包装类 //Proxy.java#ProxyClassFactory private static final class ProxyClassFactory implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>> { // prefix for all proxy class names private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy"; // next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong(); @Override public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) { Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length); for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) { /* * Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this * interface to the same Class object. */ Class<?> interfaceClass = null; try { interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { } if (interfaceClass != intf) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( intf + " is not visible from class loader"); } /* * Verify that the Class object actually represents an * interface. */ if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface"); } /* * Verify that this interface is not a duplicate. */ if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName()); } } String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL; /* * Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the * proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that * all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package. */ for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) { int flags = intf.getModifiers(); if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) { accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL; String name = intf.getName(); int n = name.lastIndexOf('.'); String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1)); if (proxyPkg == null) { proxyPkg = pkg; } else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "non-public interfaces from different packages"); } } } if (proxyPkg == null) { // if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + "."; } /* * Choose a name for the proxy class to generate. */ long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement(); //代理类名称 String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num; //代理类字节码 byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass( proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags); try { //最终生成代理类的 class 对象是本地方法 defineClass0 方法 //原理是根据类名、接口、类加载器、方法列表、异常列表,按照 class 文件格式先生成字节流,再生成动态代理类 return defineClass0(loader, proxyName, proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length); } catch (ClassFormatError e) { /* * A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the * proxy class generation code) there was some other * invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy * class creation (such as virtual machine limitations * exceeded). */ throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString()); } } }