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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2302_81206565/article/details/140633055

实验拓扑

实验需求

1、R6为ISP，接口IP地址均为公有地址，该设备只能配置IP地址，之后不能再对其进行任何配置；

2、R1-R5为局域网，私有IP地址192: 168.1.0/24，请合理分配；

3、RI、R2、R4，各有两个环回IP地址；R5, R6各有一个环向地址；所有路由器上环回均代表连接用户的接口；

4、R3下面的两台PC通过DHCP自动获取IP地址；

5、选路最佳，路由表尽量小，避免环路；

6、R1-R5均可以访问R6的环回；

7、在R1上配置teinet服务，使R6能通过Rs的公有地址telnet到R1上；

8、R4与R5正常通过1000M连路，故障时通过100m链路；

三．实验思路：

1、划分IP（划分IP的方式有多种，以下划分方式可做为参考），并给相应设备配置IP地址。

分析：纵观整个网络拓扑（包括环回网段，考虑汇总），可将192.168.1.0/24划分为6个大的网段。

192.168.1.0/24划分为6个大网段

（1）192.168.1.0000 0000-----192.168.1.0/27-----6条骨干链路

192.168.1.0000 0000---192.168.1.0/30

192.168.1.0000 0100---192.168.1.4/30

192.168.1.0000 1000---192.168.1.8/30

192.168.1.0000 1100---192.168.1.12/30

192.168.1.0001 0000---192.168.1.16/30

192.168.1.0001 0100---192.168.1.20/30

192.168.1.0001 1000---192.168.1.24/30

192.168.1.0001 1100---192.168.1.28/30

（2）192.168.1.0010 0000-----192.168.1.32/27---R1环回

192.168.1.0010 0000---192.168.1.32/28----L0

192.168.1.0011 0000---192.168.1.48/28---L1

192.168.1.32/27---R1环回

192.168.1.32/28----L0

192.168.1.48/28---L1

（3）192.168.1.0100 0000-----192.168.1.64/27---R2环回

192.168.1.0100 0000----192.168.1.64/28----L0

192.168.1.0101 0000---192.168.1.80/28-----L1

192.168.1.64/27---R2环回

192.168.1.64/28----L0

192.168.1.80/28-----L1

（4）192.168.1.0110 0000-----192.168.1.96/27---R3环回

（5）192.168.1.1000 0000-----192.168.1.128/27---R4环回

192.168.1.1000 0000----192.168.1.128/28---L0

192.168.1.1001 0000----192.168.1.144/28---L1

192.168.1.128/27---R4环回

192.168.1.128/28---L0

（6）192.168.1.1010 0000-----192.168.1.160/27---R5环回

配置到达其他网段的静态路由
配置DHCP地址池
防环，做黑洞路由配置
配置缺省路由
在R1上配置teinet服务

7.做备份，通过改变路由条目优先级实现

8.测试，观察1000Mb/s链路故障时，数据能否走100Mb/s链路

实验步骤：

1配置IP地址

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30

配置环回口地址：

[R1]interface LoopBack 0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28

[R1-LoopBack0]int LoopBack1

[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28

查看配置：

[R1]display ip int brief

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30

配置环回口地址：

[R2]int LoopBack 0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28

[R2-LoopBack0]int loopback1

[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.6 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.13 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.97 27

[R4]int g0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30

[R4]int g0/0/2

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28

[R4-LoopBack0]int l1

[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28

[R5]int g0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.0.0.5 24

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.22 30

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int l0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.161 27

[R6]int g0/0/0

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.6 24

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.6 24

2.配置DHCP地址池

[R3]dhcp enable

[R3-ip-pool-aa]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27

[R3-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 192.168.1.97

[R3-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 8.8.8.8

[R3]int g0/0/2

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global

3.配置路由：

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.18

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.22

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21

4.防环，做黑洞路由配置

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

5.配置缺省路由，连通12.0.0.0/24

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

6.做缺省路由连通外网

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.0.0.6

[R5]acl 2000

[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000

在R1上配置teinet服务

[R1]telnet server enable

[R1-aaa]local-user wangdaye password cipher wdy12345 privilege level 15

[R1-aaa]local-user wangdaye service-type telnet

[R1]user-interface vty 0 4

[R1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa

[R5]int g0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000

[R5]int g0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 23 inside 192.168.1.1 23

8.做备份

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

9.测试，观察1000Mb/s链路故障时，数据能否走100Mb/s链路