String 的模拟实现（C++）

String.h

#pragma once
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<assert.h>

using namespace std;

namespace bit
{
	class string
	{
	public:
		typedef char* iterator;
		typedef const char* const_iterator;

		iterator begin()
		{
			return _str;
		}

		iterator end()
		{
			return _str + _size;
		}

		const_iterator begin() const
		{
			return _str;
		}

		const_iterator end() const
		{
			return _str + _size;
		}

		string(const char* str = "")
		{
			_size = strlen(str);
			_capacity = _size;
			_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
			strcpy(_str, str);
		}

		// 深拷贝问题
		string(const string& s)
		{
			_str = new char[s._capacity + 1];
			strcpy(_str, s._str);
			_size = s._size;
			_capacity = s._capacity;
		}

		string& operator=(const string& s)
		{
			if (this != &s)
			{
				delete[] _str;

				_str = new char[s._capacity + 1];
				strcpy(_str, s._str);
				_size = s._size;
				_capacity = s._capacity;
			}

			return *this;
		}

		//析构函数
		~string()
		{
			delete[] _str;
			_str = nullptr;
			_size = _capacity = 0;
		}

		const char* c_str() const
		{
			return _str;
		}

		void clear()
		{
			_str[0] = '\0';
			_size = 0;
		}

		size_t size() const
		{
			return _size;
		}

		size_t capacity() const
		{
			return _capacity;
		}

		char& operator[](size_t pos)
		{
			assert(pos < _size);

			return _str[pos];
		}

		const char& operator[](size_t pos) const
		{
			assert(pos < _size);

			return _str[pos];
		}

		void reserve(size_t n);
		void push_back(char ch);
		void append(const char* str);
		string& operator+=(char ch);
		string& operator+=(const char* str);

		void insert(size_t pos, char ch);
		void insert(size_t pos, const char* str);
		void erase(size_t pos, size_t len = npos);

		size_t find(char ch, size_t pos = 0);
		size_t find(const char* str, size_t pos = 0);
		string substr(size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos);

	private:
		char* _str;
		size_t _size;
		size_t _capacity;
		static const size_t npos;
	};

	bool operator<(const string& s1, const string& s2);
	bool operator<=(const string& s1, const string& s2);
	bool operator>(const string& s1, const string& s2);
	bool operator>=(const string& s1, const string& s2);
	bool operator==(const string& s1, const string& s2);
	bool operator!=(const string& s1, const string& s2);

	ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& s);
	istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s);
}

String.cpp

#include"string.h"

namespace bit
{
	const size_t string::npos = -1;

	//保留容量
	void string::reserve(size_t n)
	{
		if (n > _capacity)
		{
			char* tmp = new char[n + 1];
			strcpy(tmp, _str);
			delete[] _str;
			_str = tmp;
			_capacity = n;

		}
	}

	void string::push_back(char ch)
	{
		if (_size == _capacity)
		{
			reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : _capacity * 2);

		}

		_str[_size] = ch;
		++_size;
		_str[_size] = '\0';
	}

	string& string::operator+=(char ch)
	{
		push_back(ch);
		return *this;
	}

	void string::append(const char* str)
	{
		size_t len = strlen(str);
		if (_size + len > _capacity)
		{
			reserve(_size + len > 2 * _capacity ? _size + len : 2 * _capacity);

		}

		strcpy(_str + _size, str);
		_size += len;
	}

	string& string::operator+=(const char* str)
	{
		append(str);
		return *this;
	}

	//插入一个字符
	void string::insert(size_t pos, char ch)
	{
		assert(pos <= _size);

		if (_size == _capacity)
		{
			reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : _capacity * 2);

		}

		size_t end = _size + 1;
		while (end > pos)
		{
			_str[end] = _str[end - 1];
			--end;
		}

		_str[pos] = ch;
		++_size;
	}

	//插入一个字符串
	void string::insert(size_t pos, const char* s)
	{
		assert(pos <= _size);

		size_t len = strlen(s);
		if (_size + len > _capacity)
		{
			reserve(_size + len > 2 * _capacity ? _size + len : 2 * _capacity);
		}

		//size_t = unsigned int
		size_t end = _size + len;
		while (end > pos + len - 1)
		{
			_str[end] = _str[end - len];
			--end;
		}

		for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
		{
			_str[pos + i] = s[i];
		}

		_size += len;
	}

	void string::erase(size_t pos, size_t len)
	{
		assert(pos < _size);
		if (len >= _size - pos)
		{
			_str[pos] = '\0';
			_size = pos;
		}
		else
		{
			for (size_t i = pos + len;i<=_size; i++)
			{
				_str[i - len] = _str[len];

			}
			_size -= len;
		}

	}

	//查找一个字符
	size_t string::find(char ch, size_t pos)
	{
		assert(pos < _size);

		for (size_t i = pos; i < _size; i++)
		{
			if (_str[i] == ch)
			{
				return i;
			}
		}
		return npos;
	}

	//查找一个字符串
	size_t string::find(const char* str, size_t pos)
	{
		assert(pos < _size);

		const char* ptr = strstr(_str + pos, str);
		if (ptr == nullptr)
		{
			return npos;
		}
		else
		{
			return ptr - _str;
		}
	}

	//在str中从pos位置开始，截取n个字符，然后将其返回
	string string::substr(size_t pos, size_t len)
	{
		assert(pos < _size);

		// len大于剩余字符长度，更新一下len
		if (len > _size - pos)
		{
			len = _size - pos;
		}

		string sub;
		sub.reserve(len);
		for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
		{
			sub +=_str[pos + i];
		}
		return sub;
	}

	bool operator<(const string& s1, const string& s2)
	{
		return strcmp(s1.c_str(), s2.c_str()) < 0;
	}

	bool operator<=(const string& s1, const string& s2)
	{
		return s1 < s2 || s1 == s2;
	}

	bool operator>(const string& s1, const string& s2)
	{
		return !(s1 <= s2);
	}

	bool operator>=(const string& s1, const string& s2)
	{
		return !(s1 < s2);
	}

	bool operator==(const string& s1, const string& s2)
	{
		return strcmp(s1.c_str(), s2.c_str()) == 0;
	}

	bool operator!=(const string& s1, const string& s2)
	{
		return !(s1 == s2);
	}

	ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& s)
	{
		for (auto ch : s)
		{
			out << ch;
		}
		return out;
	}

	istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s)
	{
		s.clear();

		const int N = 256;
		char buff[N];
		int i = 0;

		char ch;
		//in>>ch;
		ch = in.get();
		while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n')
		{
			buff[i++] = ch;
			//超过buff的容量了，要进行增容
			if (i == N - 1)
			{
				buff[i] = '\0';
				s += buff;

				i = 0;
			}

			//in>>ch;
			ch = in.get();
		}

		if (i > 0)
		{
			buff[i] = '\0';
			s += buff;
		}
		return in;
	}

}

Test.cpp

#include"string.h"

using namespace std;

namespace bit
{
	void test_string1()
	{
		string s1("hello world");
		s1 += 'x';
		s1 += '#';
		cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

		s1 += "hello bit";
		cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

		s1.insert(5, '$');
		cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

		s1.insert(0, '$');
		cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

		string s2("hello world");
		cout << s2.c_str() << endl;

		s2.insert(5, "$$$");
		cout << s2.c_str() << endl;

		s2.insert(0, "$$$&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&");
		cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
	}

	void test_string2()
	{
		string s1;
		string s2("hello world");
		cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
		cout << s2.c_str() << endl;

		for (size_t i = 0; i < s2.size(); i++)
		{
			s2[i] += 2;
		}

		cout << s2.c_str() << endl;

		for (auto e : s2)
		{
			cout << e << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;

		string::iterator it = s2.begin();
		while (it != s2.end())
		{
			//*it += 2;
			cout << *it << " ";
			++it;
		}
		cout << endl;
	}

	void test_string3()
	{
		string s1("hello world");
		s1.erase(6, 100);
		cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

		string s2("hello world");
		s2.erase(6);
		cout << s2.c_str() << endl;

		string s3("hello world");
		s3.erase(6, 3);
		cout << s3.c_str() << endl;
	}

	void test_string4()
	{
		string s("test.cpp.zip");
		size_t pos = s.find('.');
		string suffix = s.substr(pos);
		cout << suffix.c_str() << endl;

		string copy(s);
		cout << copy.c_str() << endl;

		s = suffix;
		cout << suffix.c_str() << endl;
		cout << s.c_str() << endl;

		s = s;
		cout << s.c_str() << endl;
	}

	void test_string5()
	{
		string s1("hello world");
		string s2("hello world");

		cout << (s1 < s2) << endl;
		cout << (s1 == s2) << endl;
		cout << ("hello world" < s2) << endl;
		cout << (s1 == "hello world") << endl;
		//cout << ("hello world" == "hello world") << endl;

		cout << s1 <<' '<< s2 << endl;

		string s0;
		cin >> s0;
		cout << s0 << endl;
	}
}


int main()
{
	bit::test_string1();
	bit::test_string2();
	bit::test_string3();
	bit::test_string4();
	bit::test_string5();

	return 0;
}