【K8s】专题三（7）：Kubernetes 安装方法之 K3d

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Linux 专栏 | Docker 专栏 | Kubernetes 专栏

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目录

一、基本介绍

1、K3d 概念

2、K3s 概念

二、K3d 下载、安装

三、K3d 部署 Kubernetes 集群

1、准备工作

2、部署集群

3、实测结果

四、K3d 常用命令

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一、基本介绍

1、K3d 概念

K3d 是一个轻量级的 Kubernetes 安装器，支持在 Docker 中运行单节点或多节点的 K3s 集群，可以用于开发、测试和 CI/CD。

K3d 项目地址：GitHub - k3d-io/k3d

K3d 官网文档：k3d | Document

2、K3s 概念

K3s 则是一个由 Rancher 发布的轻量级 Kubernetes 发行版，专为边缘计算、物联网（IoT）、CI/CD、开发测试环境以及在 ARM 设备上运行而设计。它具有以下特点：

• 轻量级：K3s 的二进制文件小于 100MB，占用的内存资源也相对较少，使得它能够在资源受限的环境中运行
• 易于安装：K3s 可以通过一个简单的命令快速安装，并且支持多种安装方式，包括在物理机、虚拟机或容器中运行
• 兼容性：K3s 与 Kubernetes 兼容，支持 Kubernetes 的 API，可以使用标准的 kubectl 工具进行管理和操作
• 内置功能：K3s 内置了一些常用的功能和服务，如 Traefik Ingress 控制器、Helm 控制器、本地存储提供程序和负载均衡器等
• 安全性：K3s 默认配置是安全的，并且支持自动更新证书，减少了安全风险
• 跨平台支持：K3s 支持多种架构，包括 x86_64、ARM64 和 ARMv7，使其可以灵活地在不同的硬件上运行

K3s 项目地址：GitHub - k3s-io/k3s

K3s 官网文档：K3S文档 | Rancher

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二、K3d 下载、安装

# AMD架构
wget -O /usr/bin/k3d https://github.com/k3d-io/k3d/releases/download/v5.7.3/k3d-linux-amd64
chmod +x /usr/bin/k3d
 
# ARM架构
wget -O /usr/bin/k3d https://github.com/k3d-io/k3d/releases/download/v5.7.3/k3d-linux-arm64
chmod +x /usr/bin/k3d
 
# 查看版本信息
k3d version

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三、K3d 部署 Kubernetes 集群

1、准备工作

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl disable --now firewalld
 
# 关闭 selinxu
setenforce 0
sed -i ’s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g’ /etc/selinux/config
 
# 清空 iptables 规则
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F
 
# 禁用 swap 分区
swapoff -a
sed -i '/swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
 
# 安装 docker、kubectl（详细过程略）
🔔 docker 版本高于 v20.10.5，runc 版本高于 v1.0.0-rc93

2、部署集群

• 单节点集群（包含一个 Master 节点的集群）

k3d cluster create demo -s 1

🔔 -s：指定 Master 节点数量，默认为 1

# 输出信息
INFO[0000] Prep: Network                                
INFO[0000] Created network 'k3d-demo'                   
INFO[0000] Created image volume k3d-demo-images         
INFO[0000] Starting new tools node...                   
INFO[0001] Creating node 'k3d-demo-server-0'            
INFO[0001] Pulling image 'ghcr.io/k3d-io/k3d-tools:5.7.3' 
INFO[0004] Starting node 'k3d-demo-tools'               
INFO[0007] Pulling image 'docker.io/rancher/k3s:v1.30.3-k3s1' 
INFO[0012] Creating LoadBalancer 'k3d-demo-serverlb'    
INFO[0014] Pulling image 'ghcr.io/k3d-io/k3d-proxy:5.7.3' 
INFO[0019] Using the k3d-tools node to gather environment information 
INFO[0019] HostIP: using network gateway 172.18.0.1 address 
INFO[0019] Starting cluster 'demo'                      
INFO[0019] Starting servers...                          
INFO[0019] Starting node 'k3d-demo-server-0'            
INFO[0025] All agents already running.                  
INFO[0025] Starting helpers...                          
INFO[0025] Starting node 'k3d-demo-serverlb'            
INFO[0032] Injecting records for hostAliases (incl. host.k3d.internal) and for 2 network members into CoreDNS configmap... 
INFO[0034] Cluster 'demo' created successfully!         
INFO[0034] You can now use it like this:                
kubectl cluster-info

• 多节点集群（部署包含一个 Master 节点和一个 Node 节点的集群）

k3d cluster create demo -a 1

🔔 -a：指定 Node 节点数量，默认为 0

# 输出信息
INFO[0000] Prep: Network                                
INFO[0000] Created network 'k3d-demo'                   
INFO[0000] Created image volume k3d-demo-images         
INFO[0000] Starting new tools node...                   
INFO[0000] Starting node 'k3d-demo-tools'               
INFO[0001] Creating node 'k3d-demo-server-0'            
INFO[0001] Creating node 'k3d-demo-agent-0'             
INFO[0001] Creating LoadBalancer 'k3d-demo-serverlb'    
INFO[0001] Using the k3d-tools node to gather environment information 
INFO[0002] HostIP: using network gateway 172.19.0.1 address 
INFO[0002] Starting cluster 'demo'                      
INFO[0002] Starting servers...                          
INFO[0002] Starting node 'k3d-demo-server-0'            
INFO[0007] Starting agents...                           
INFO[0008] Starting node 'k3d-demo-agent-0'             
INFO[0020] Starting helpers...                          
INFO[0020] Starting node 'k3d-demo-serverlb'            
INFO[0026] Injecting records for hostAliases (incl. host.k3d.internal) and for 3 network members into CoreDNS configmap... 
INFO[0029] Cluster 'demo' created successfully!         
INFO[0029] You can now use it like this:                
kubectl cluster-info

3、实测结果

Kubernetes 集群组件均以容器方式运行。

# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                            COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                             NAMES
03daca5d7ad5   ghcr.io/k3d-io/k3d-proxy:5.7.3   "/bin/sh -c nginx-pr…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:36823->6443/tcp   k3d-demo-serverlb
08a14f0a247b   rancher/k3s:v1.30.3-k3s1         "/bin/k3d-entrypoint…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute                                     k3d-demo-agent-0
b36d45027338   rancher/k3s:v1.30.3-k3s1         "/bin/k3d-entrypoint…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute                                     k3d-demo-server-0

# docker images
REPOSITORY                 TAG            IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
ghcr.io/k3d-io/k3d-proxy   5.7.3          0475c00b0478   3 weeks ago   61.2MB
ghcr.io/k3d-io/k3d-tools   5.7.3          91ba69c868e8   3 weeks ago   20.8MB
rancher/k3s                v1.30.3-k3s1   86193a59fa57   3 weeks ago   209MB

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四、K3d 常用命令

# 创建集群
k3d cluster create demo

# 删除集群
k3d cluster delete demo

# 查看集群
k3d cluster list

k3d -h
https://k3d.io/
k3d is a wrapper CLI that helps you to easily create k3s clusters inside docker.
Nodes of a k3d cluster are docker containers running a k3s image.
All Nodes of a k3d cluster are part of the same docker network.

Usage:
  k3d [flags]
  k3d [command]

Available Commands:
  cluster      Manage cluster(s)
  completion   Generate completion scripts for [bash, zsh, fish, powershell | psh]
  config       Work with config file(s)
  help         Help about any command
  image        Handle container images.
  kubeconfig   Manage kubeconfig(s)
  node         Manage node(s)
  registry     Manage registry/registries
  version      Show k3d and default k3s version

Flags:
  -h, --help         help for k3d
      --timestamps   Enable Log timestamps
      --trace        Enable super verbose output (trace logging)
      --verbose      Enable verbose output (debug logging)
      --version      Show k3d and default k3s version

Use "k3d [command] --help" for more information about a command.

========================================================================
# k3d cluster 命令汇总
k3d cluster -h
Manage cluster(s)

Usage:
  k3d cluster [flags]
  k3d cluster [command]

Available Commands:
  create      Create a new cluster
  delete      Delete cluster(s).
  edit        [EXPERIMENTAL] Edit cluster(s).
  list        List cluster(s)
  start       Start existing k3d cluster(s)
  stop        Stop existing k3d cluster(s)

Flags:
  -h, --help   help for cluster

Global Flags:
      --timestamps   Enable Log timestamps
      --trace        Enable super verbose output (trace logging)
      --verbose      Enable verbose output (debug logging)

Use "k3d cluster [command] --help" for more information about a command.