前面我们已经安装和初始化了 PostgreSQL，接下来我们需要根据操作系统的配置对 PostgreSQL 服务的配置文件进行优化和设置，以使数据库能够充分发挥操作系统的性能。
[postgres@localhost data]$ vi pg_hba.conf
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
host all all 192.168.30.1/24 scram-sha-256
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
local replication all trust
host replication all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
host replication all 192.168.30.1/24 scram-sha-256
在配置文件中添加 scram-sha-256 这两行记录。
[postgres@localhost data]$ vi postgresql.conf
[postgres@localhost data]$ cat postgresql.conf
# -----------------------------
# PostgreSQL configuration file
# -----------------------------
#
# This file consists of lines of the form:
#
# name = value
#
# (The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with
# "#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed
# values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
#
# The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
# Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
# you need to reload the server.
#
# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
# signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
# server for the changes to take effect, run "pg_ctl reload", or execute
# "SELECT pg_reload_conf()". Some parameters, which are marked below,
# require a server shutdown and restart to take effect.
#
# Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
# "postgres -c log_connections=on". Some parameters can be changed at run time
# with the "SET" SQL command.
#
# Memory units: B = bytes Time units: us = microseconds
# kB = kilobytes ms = milliseconds
# MB = megabytes s = seconds
# GB = gigabytes min = minutes
# TB = terabytes h = hours
# d = days
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FILE LOCATIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
# option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.
# data_directory = 'ConfigDir' # use data in another directory
# (change requires restart)
# hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file
# (change requires restart)
# ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file
# (change requires restart)
# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
# external_pid_file = '' # write an extra PID file
# (change requires restart)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Connection Settings -
listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
# comma-separated list of addresses;
# defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
# (change requires restart)
port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
max_connections = 10000 # (change requires restart)
superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)
# unix_socket_directories = '/tmp' # comma-separated list of directories
# (change requires restart)
# unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart)
# unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation
# (change requires restart)
# bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour
# (change requires restart)
# bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name
# (change requires restart)
# - TCP settings -
# see "man tcp" for details
# tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
# tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
# tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT;
# 0 selects the system default
# tcp_user_timeout = 0 # TCP_USER_TIMEOUT, in milliseconds;
# 0 selects the system default
# client_connection_check_interval = 0 # time between checks for client
# disconnection while running queries;
# 0 for never
# - Authentication -
authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s
password_encryption = scram-sha-256 # scram-sha-256 or md5
# db_user_namespace = off
# GSSAPI using Kerberos
# krb_server_keyfile = 'FILE:${sysconfdir}/krb5.keytab'
# krb_caseins_users = off
# - SSL -
# ssl = off
# ssl_ca_file = ''
# ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt'
# ssl_crl_file = ''
# ssl_crl_dir = ''
# ssl_key_file = 'server.key'
# ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on
# ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1'
# ssl_min_protocol_version = 'TLSv1.2'
# ssl_max_protocol_version = ''
# ssl_dh_params_file = ''
# ssl_passphrase_command = ''
# ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload = off
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Memory -
shared_buffers = 4GB # min 128kB
# (change requires restart)
huge_pages = try # on, off, or try
# (change requires restart)
# huge_page_size = 0 # zero for system default
# (change requires restart)
temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB
# max_prepared_transactions = 0 # zero disables the feature
# (change requires restart)
# Caution: it is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless
# you actively intend to use prepared transactions.
work_mem = 16MB # min 64kB
# hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0 # 1-1000.0 multiplier on hash table work_mem
maintenance_work_mem = 64MB # min 1MB
autovacuum_work_mem = -1 # min 1MB, or -1 to use maintenance_work_mem
# logical_decoding_work_mem = 64MB # min 64kB
# max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB
# shared_memory_type = mmap # the default is the first option
# supported by the operating system:
# mmap
# sysv
# windows
# (change requires restart)
dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix # the default is the first option
# supported by the operating system:
# posix
# sysv
# windows
# mmap
# (change requires restart)
# min_dynamic_shared_memory = 0MB # (change requires restart)
# - Disk -
# temp_file_limit = -1 # limits per-process temp file space
# in kilobytes, or -1 for no limit
# - Kernel Resources -
# max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 64
# (change requires restart)
# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -
# vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-100 milliseconds (0 disables)
# vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits
# vacuum_cost_page_miss = 2 # 0-10000 credits
# vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits
# vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 1-10000 credits
# - Background Writer -
# bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds
# bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100 # max buffers written/round, 0 disables
# bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0 # 0-10.0 multiplier on buffers scanned/round
# bgwriter_flush_after = 512kB # measured in pages, 0 disables
# - Asynchronous Behavior -
# backend_flush_after = 0 # measured in pages, 0 disables
effective_io_concurrency = 8 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching
# maintenance_io_concurrency = 10 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching
max_worker_processes = 8 # (change requires restart)
max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2 # taken from max_parallel_workers
max_parallel_maintenance_workers = 2 # taken from max_parallel_workers
max_parallel_workers = 8 # maximum number of max_worker_processes that
# can be used in parallel operations
# parallel_leader_participation = on
# old_snapshot_threshold = -1 # 1min-60d; -1 disables; 0 is immediate
# (change requires restart)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WRITE-AHEAD LOG
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Settings -
wal_level = logical # minimal, replica, or logical
# (change requires restart)
fsync = on # flush data to disk for crash safety
# (turning this off can cause
# unrecoverable data corruption)
synchronous_commit = off # synchronization level;
# off, local, remote_write, remote_apply, or on
# wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option
# supported by the operating system:
# open_datasync
# fdatasync (default on Linux and FreeBSD)
# fsync
# fsync_writethrough
# open_sync
full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes
wal_log_hints = on # also do full page writes of non-critical updates
# (change requires restart)
# wal_compression = off # enable compression of full-page writes
# wal_init_zero = on # zero-fill new WAL files
# wal_recycle = on # recycle WAL files
# wal_buffers = -1 # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
# (change requires restart)
# wal_writer_delay = 200ms # 1-10000 milliseconds
# wal_writer_flush_after = 1MB # measured in pages, 0 disables
# wal_skip_threshold = 2MB
# commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds
# commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000
# - Checkpoints -
checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1d
# checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
# checkpoint_flush_after = 256kB # measured in pages, 0 disables
# checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 disables
max_wal_size = 1GB
min_wal_size = 80MB
# - Archiving -
archive_mode = on # enables archiving; off, on, or always
# (change requires restart)
archive_command = 'cp -p %p /usr/local/pgsql-14/data/wal_archive/%f' # command to use to archive a logfile segment
# placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
# %f = file name only
# e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'
# archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this
# number of seconds; 0 disables
# - Archive Recovery -
# These are only used in recovery mode.
# restore_command = '' # command to use to restore an archived logfile segment
# placeholders: %p = path of file to restore
# %f = file name only
# e.g. 'cp /mnt/server/archivedir/%f %p'
# archive_cleanup_command = '' # command to execute at every restartpoint
# recovery_end_command = '' # command to execute at completion of recovery
# - Recovery Target -
# Set these only when performing a targeted recovery.
# recovery_target = '' # 'immediate' to end recovery as soon as a
# consistent state is reached
# (change requires restart)
# recovery_target_name = '' # the named restore point to which recovery will proceed
# (change requires restart)
# recovery_target_time = '' # the time stamp up to which recovery will proceed
# (change requires restart)
# recovery_target_xid = '' # the transaction ID up to which recovery will proceed
# (change requires restart)
# recovery_target_lsn = '' # the WAL LSN up to which recovery will proceed
# (change requires restart)
# recovery_target_inclusive = on # Specifies whether to stop:
# just after the specified recovery target (on)
# just before the recovery target (off)
# (change requires restart)
# recovery_target_timeline = 'latest' # 'current', 'latest', or timeline ID
# (change requires restart)
# recovery_target_action = 'pause' # 'pause', 'promote', 'shutdown'
# (change requires restart)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# REPLICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Sending Servers -
# Set these on the primary and on any standby that will send replication data.
max_wal_senders = 10 # max number of walsender processes
# (change requires restart)
max_replication_slots = 10 # max number of replication slots
# (change requires restart)
wal_keep_size = 8GB # in megabytes; 0 disables
# max_slot_wal_keep_size = -1 # in megabytes; -1 disables
# wal_sender_timeout = 60s # in milliseconds; 0 disables
track_commit_timestamp = on # collect timestamp of transaction commit
# (change requires restart)
# - Primary Server -
# These settings are ignored on a standby server.
# synchronous_standby_names = '' # standby servers that provide sync rep
# method to choose sync standbys, number of sync standbys,
# and comma-separated list of application_name
# from standby(s); '*' = all
# vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0 # number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed
# - Standby Servers -
# These settings are ignored on a primary server.
# primary_conninfo = '' # connection string to sending server
# primary_slot_name = '' # replication slot on sending server
# promote_trigger_file = '' # file name whose presence ends recovery
# hot_standby = on # "off" disallows queries during recovery
# (change requires restart)
# max_standby_archive_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
# when reading WAL from archive;
# -1 allows indefinite delay
# max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
# when reading streaming WAL;
# -1 allows indefinite delay
# wal_receiver_create_temp_slot = off # create temp slot if primary_slot_name
# is not set
# wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s # send replies at least this often
# 0 disables
# hot_standby_feedback = off # send info from standby to prevent
# query conflicts
# wal_receiver_timeout = 60s # time that receiver waits for
# communication from primary
# in milliseconds; 0 disables
# wal_retrieve_retry_interval = 5s # time to wait before retrying to
# retrieve WAL after a failed attempt
# recovery_min_apply_delay = 0 # minimum delay for applying changes during recovery
# - Subscribers -
# These settings are ignored on a publisher.
# max_logical_replication_workers = 4 # taken from max_worker_processes
# (change requires restart)
# max_sync_workers_per_subscription = 2 # taken from max_logical_replication_workers
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# QUERY TUNING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Planner Method Configuration -
# enable_async_append = on
# enable_bitmapscan = on
# enable_gathermerge = on
# enable_hashagg = on
# enable_hashjoin = on
# enable_incremental_sort = on
# enable_indexscan = on
# enable_indexonlyscan = on
# enable_material = on
# enable_memoize = on
# enable_mergejoin = on
# enable_nestloop = on
# enable_parallel_append = on
# enable_parallel_hash = on
# enable_partition_pruning = on
# enable_partitionwise_join = off
# enable_partitionwise_aggregate = off
# enable_seqscan = on
# enable_sort = on
# enable_tidscan = on
# - Planner Cost Constants -
# seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale
# random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above
# cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above
# cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above
# cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above
# parallel_setup_cost = 1000.0 # same scale as above
# parallel_tuple_cost = 0.1 # same scale as above
# min_parallel_table_scan_size = 8MB
# min_parallel_index_scan_size = 512kB
effective_cache_size = 4GB
# jit_above_cost = 100000 # perform JIT compilation if available
# and query more expensive than this;
# -1 disables
# jit_inline_above_cost = 500000 # inline small functions if query is
# more expensive than this; -1 disables
# jit_optimize_above_cost = 500000 # use expensive JIT optimizations if
# query is more expensive than this;
# -1 disables
# - Genetic Query Optimizer -
# geqo = on
# geqo_threshold = 12
# geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10
# geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort
# geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort
# geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0
# geqo_seed = 0.0 # range 0.0-1.0
# - Other Planner Options -
# default_statistics_target = 100 # range 1-10000
# constraint_exclusion = partition # on, off, or partition
# cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1 # range 0.0-1.0
# from_collapse_limit = 8
# jit = on # allow JIT compilation
# join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit
# JOIN clauses
# plan_cache_mode = auto # auto, force_generic_plan or
# force_custom_plan
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# REPORTING AND LOGGING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Where to Log -
log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of
# stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
# depending on platform. csvlog
# requires logging_collector to be on.
# This is used when logging to stderr:
logging_collector = on # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
# into log files. Required to be on for
# csvlogs.
# (change requires restart)
# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
log_directory = 'log' # directory where log files are written,
# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern,
# can include strftime() escapes
# log_file_mode = 0600 # creation mode for log files,
# begin with 0 to use octal notation
log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that time. 0 disables.
log_rotation_size = 500MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that much log output.
# 0 disables.
log_truncate_on_rotation = on # If on, an existing log file with the
# same name as the new log file will be
# truncated rather than appended to.
# But such truncation only occurs on
# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
# or size-driven rotation. Default is
# off, meaning append to existing files
# in all cases.
# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
# syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
# syslog_ident = 'postgres'
# syslog_sequence_numbers = on
# syslog_split_messages = on
# This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (Windows):
# (change requires restart)
# event_source = 'PostgreSQL'
# - When to Log -
# log_min_messages = warning # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# info
# notice
# warning
# error
# log
# fatal
# panic
# log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# info
# notice
# warning
# error
# log
# fatal
# panic (effectively off)
log_min_duration_statement = 2 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
# and their durations, > 0 logs only
# statements running at least this number
# of milliseconds
# log_min_duration_sample = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs a sample of statements
# and their durations, > 0 logs only a sample of
# statements running at least this number
# of milliseconds;
# sample fraction is determined by log_statement_sample_rate
# log_statement_sample_rate = 1.0 # fraction of logged statements exceeding
# log_min_duration_sample to be logged;
# 1.0 logs all such statements, 0.0 never logs
# log_transaction_sample_rate = 0.0 # fraction of transactions whose statements
# are logged regardless of their duration; 1.0 logs all
# statements from all transactions, 0.0 never logs
# - What to Log -
# debug_print_parse = off
# debug_print_rewritten = off
# debug_print_plan = off
# debug_pretty_print = on
# log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1 # log autovacuum activity;
# -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
# their durations, > 0 logs only
# actions running at least this number
# of milliseconds.
log_checkpoints = on
# log_connections = off
# log_disconnections = off
log_duration = on
# log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages
# log_hostname = off
log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] %x %d %r %a %u ' # special values:
# %a = application name
# %u = user name
# %d = database name
# %r = remote host and port
# %h = remote host
# %b = backend type
# %p = process ID
# %P = process ID of parallel group leader
# %t = timestamp without milliseconds
# %m = timestamp with milliseconds
# %n = timestamp with milliseconds (as a Unix epoch)
# %Q = query ID (0 if none or not computed)
# %i = command tag
# %e = SQL state
# %c = session ID
# %l = session line number
# %s = session start timestamp
# %v = virtual transaction ID
# %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
# %q = stop here in non-session
# processes
# %% = '%'
# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
log_lock_waits = on # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
# log_recovery_conflict_waits = off # log standby recovery conflict waits
# >= deadlock_timeout
# log_parameter_max_length = -1 # when logging statements, limit logged
# bind-parameter values to N bytes;
# -1 means print in full, 0 disables
# log_parameter_max_length_on_error = 0 # when logging an error, limit logged
# bind-parameter values to N bytes;
# -1 means print in full, 0 disables
log_statement = 'mod' # none, ddl, mod, all
# log_replication_commands = off
# log_temp_files = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger
# than the specified size in kilobytes;
# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
log_timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# PROCESS TITLE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# cluster_name = '' # added to process titles if nonempty
# (change requires restart)
# update_process_title = on
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# STATISTICS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Query and Index Statistics Collector -
track_activities = on
# track_activity_query_size = 1024 # (change requires restart)
# track_counts = on
# track_io_timing = off
# track_wal_io_timing = off
# track_functions = none # none, pl, all
# stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp'
# - Monitoring -
# compute_query_id = auto
# log_statement_stats = off
# log_parser_stats = off
# log_planner_stats = off
# log_executor_stats = off
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# AUTOVACUUM
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess? 'on'
# requires track_counts to also be on.
# autovacuum_max_workers = 3 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses
# (change requires restart)
# autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs
# autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
# vacuum
# autovacuum_vacuum_insert_threshold = 1000 # min number of row inserts
# before vacuum; -1 disables insert
# vacuums
# autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
# analyze
# autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum
# autovacuum_vacuum_insert_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of inserts over table
# size before insert vacuum
# autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze
# autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)
# autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 400000000 # maximum multixact age
# before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)
# autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 2ms # default vacuum cost delay for
# autovacuum, in milliseconds;
# -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
# autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
# autovacuum, -1 means use
# vacuum_cost_limit
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Statement Behavior -
# client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# log
# notice
# warning
# error
# search_path = '"$user", public' # schema names
# row_security = on
# default_table_access_method = 'heap'
# default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses the default
# default_toast_compression = 'pglz' # 'pglz' or 'lz4'
# temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names, '' uses
# only default tablespace
# check_function_bodies = on
# default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
# default_transaction_read_only = off
# default_transaction_deferrable = off
# session_replication_role = 'origin'
# statement_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
# lock_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
# idle_session_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
# vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000
# vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000
# vacuum_failsafe_age = 1600000000
# vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 150000000
# vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = 5000000
# vacuum_multixact_failsafe_age = 1600000000
# bytea_output = 'hex' # hex, escape
# xmlbinary = 'base64'
# xmloption = 'content'
# gin_pending_list_limit = 4MB
# - Locale and Formatting -
datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
# intervalstyle = 'postgres'
timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
# timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone
# abbreviations. Currently, there are
# Default
# Australia (historical usage)
# India
# You can create your own file in
# share/timezonesets/.
# extra_float_digits = 1 # min -15, max 3; any value >0 actually
# selects precise output mode
# client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
# encoding
# These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
lc_messages = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for system error message
# strings
lc_monetary = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for monetary formatting
lc_numeric = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for number formatting
lc_time = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for time formatting
# default configuration for text search
default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english'
# - Shared Library Preloading -
# local_preload_libraries = ''
# session_preload_libraries = ''
# shared_preload_libraries = '' # (change requires restart)
# jit_provider = 'llvmjit' # JIT library to use
# - Other Defaults -
# dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'
# gin_fuzzy_search_limit = 0
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCK MANAGEMENT
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
deadlock_timeout = 1s
max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
# (change requires restart)
# max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
# (change requires restart)
# max_pred_locks_per_relation = -2 # negative values mean
# (max_pred_locks_per_transaction
# / -max_pred_locks_per_relation) - 1
# max_pred_locks_per_page = 2 # min 0
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VERSION AND PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -
# array_nulls = on
# backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding
# escape_string_warning = on
# lo_compat_privileges = off
# quote_all_identifiers = off
# standard_conforming_strings = on
# synchronize_seqscans = on
# - Other Platforms and Clients -
# transform_null_equals = off
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR HANDLING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# exit_on_error = off # terminate session on any error?
# restart_after_crash = on # reinitialize after backend crash?
# data_sync_retry = off # retry or panic on failure to fsync
# data?
# (change requires restart)
# recovery_init_sync_method = fsync # fsync, syncfs (Linux 5.8+)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONFIG FILE INCLUDES
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# These options allow settings to be loaded from files other than the
# default postgresql.conf. Note that these are directives, not variable
# assignments, so they can usefully be given more than once.
# include_dir = '...' # include files ending in '.conf' from
# a directory, e.g., 'conf.d'
# include_if_exists = '...' # include file only if it exists
# include = '...' # include file
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Add settings for extensions here
[postgres@localhost data]$ pg_ctl restart -D /usr/local/pgsql-14/data/
上面就是 PostgreSQL 配置文件的案例 ，特别需要注意的是配置文件中没有被注释的行，这些是配置文件的关键信息。
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