注意：函数以用途分类
所用到的函数：
# 'capitalize', 'casefold', 'center', 'count', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find',
# 'format', 'format_map', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isascii', 'isdecimal', 'isdigit',
# 'isidentifier', 'islower', 'isnumeric', 'isprintable', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join',
# 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'maketrans', 'partition', 'removeprefix', 'removesuffix', 'replace',
# 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split',
# 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill
print('大小写转换')
temp='i lovE pyTHon'
print(temp)
# capitalize
print('# capitalize')
print(temp.capitalize())
# 将字符串的第一个字母变成大写，其余字母变为小写
# casefold
print('# casefold ')
print(temp.casefold())
# 都变成小写
# title
print('# title')
print(temp.title())
# 返回一个满足标题格式的字符串。将英文单词首字母大写,其余英文字母小写.
print('# swapcase()')
print(temp.swapcase())
# 大写变小写,小写变大写
print(temp.lower())
# 字符串中的大写变小写
print(temp.upper())
# 小写字母转换为大写字母
# casefold()
one='i LovE pythoN &*&*&*&* $@ #@ $'
print(one)
print('# casefold')
print(one.casefold())
# 大写字母转换为小写字母 也可将非英文 语言中的大写转换为小写
# 分割字符串
print('# partition')
string="http://localhost:8888/lab/tre.ipynb"
print(string.partition('http:'))
#v字符串str中存在sep
print(string.partition(':ll'))
#字符串str中不存在sep
# 根据指定的分隔符(sep)将字符串进行分割。从字符串左边开始索引分隔符sep,索引到则停止索引
print('# rpartition')
print(string.rpartition('://lo'))
print(string.rpartition(':/lo'))
# 根据指定的分隔符(sep)将字符串进行分割。从字符串右边开始索引分隔符sep,索引到则停止索引
print('# split')
string2='ak;djpa;wougxG;kajdll;dskhakkd;ajdakda;djaih slajs;sjja sjla;aiw'
print('string=',string2)
print(string2.split(';'))
print(string2.split(';',3))
print(string2.split(';',3)[3])
# >>> help('os'.split)
# Help on built-in function split:
# split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) method of builtins.str instance
# Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
# sep
# The delimiter according which to split the string.
# None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace,
# and discard empty strings from the result.
# maxsplit
# Maximum number of splits to do.
# -1 (the default value) means no limit.
# 拆分字符串。通过指定分隔符sep对字符串进行分割，并返回分割后的字符串列表。从字符串右边(末尾)开始分割。
print('# rsplit')
print(string2.rsplit(';'))
print(string2.rsplit(';',2))
print(string2.rsplit(';',3)[2])
# 区别split 从字符串左边(末尾)开始分割。
print('# splitlines')
string3='ak;da\n;wgxG;kajdll; d\ns\nk\nh\na\n @@kkd;akda;d/rj\ra\rih @@sla\tj\ts\t;\n\r !!sj\n\rja sjla;aiw'
print(string3.splitlines())
# 去掉换行符
print(string3.splitlines(True))
# 保留换行符
# >>> help('os',splitlines)
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
# NameError: name 'splitlines' is not defined
print('# join')
string4='jhjahdkahk'
print('& &'.join(string4))
l1={'abc','jj','P'}
print('*'.join(l1))
# 解决判断问题
# endswith
temp='i love python'
print(temp)
print('# endswith')
print(temp.endswith('n'))
print(temp.endswith('i'))
print(temp.endswith('on'))
print(temp.endswith('love python'))
print(temp.endswith('love',1,7))
print(temp.endswith('love',0,6))
print(temp.endswith(''))
# 判断字符串是否以指定字符或子字符串结尾,返回类型为布尔类型(bool).并且可以指定start 和 end.
# startswith (区别 endswith)
print('# startswith')
# "hello,i love python".startswith(("h")
print(temp.startswith('i'))
print(temp.startswith('n'))
print(temp.startswith('lo',2,len(temp)))
print(temp.startswith('a'))
# isalnum (alnum 字母 数字)
print('# isalnum')
print(temp.isalnum())
one='shkhskh'
two='6378720079'
three='464jhdaiud'
four=' '
print(one.isalnum())
print(two.isalnum())
print(three.isalnum())
print(four.isalnum())
# 判断非空字符串是否为都为字母或数字,返回值为bool类型
# isalpha (alphabet 字母表)
print('# isalpha')
print(temp.isalpha())
print(one.isalpha())
print(two.isalpha())
print(three.isalpha())
# 判断非空字符串是否为都是字母,返回值为bool类型
# isdecimal (decimal 十进制)
print('# isdecimal')
print(temp.isdecimal())
print(one.isdecimal())
print(two.isdecimal())
print(three.isdecimal())
# 判断非空字符串是否为都是(十进制的)数字,返回值为bool类型
print('# isdigit')
print(temp.isdigit())
print(one.isdigit())
print(two.isdigit())
print(three.isdigit())
# 判断非空字符串是否为都是(0->9的)数字,返回值为bool类型
print('# isidentifier')
five='_hakha'
print(temp.isidentifier())
print(one.isidentifier())
print(two.isidentifier())
print(three.isidentifier())
print(five.isidentifier())
print()
# 判断非空字符串是否为都是(有效)identifier(标识符),返回值为bool类型
print('# islower')
six='你好,python'
print(temp.islower())
print(one.islower())
print(two.islower())
print(five.islower())
print(six.islower())
# 判断非空字符串是否存在小写字母,返回值为bool类型
# isnumeric
print('# isnumeric')
print(temp.isnumeric())
print(one.isnumeric())
print(two.isnumeric())
print(five.isnumeric())
print(six.isnumeric())
# 判断非空字符串是否任意字符是numerical(数字),返回值为bool类型
print('# isprintable')
print(temp.isprintable())
print(six.isprintable())
print('hakh \n shf \t hk'.isprintable())
# 判断非空字符串是否存在printable(打印后不可见的内容。如：\n \t 等字符),返回值为bool类型
print('# isspace')
print(temp.isspace())
print(temp[1].isspace())
print(four.isspace())
eight=' sjs sjla ajs'
print(eight.isspace())
# 判断非空字符串是否仅有space(空格),返回值为bool类型
print('# istitle')
print(temp.istitle())
print('I love python'.istitle())
print('Ijsj'.istitle())
print('IhkdLGVkh'.istitle())
print('Gjakssk'.istitle())
# 判断字符串中所有单词的首字母是否为大写，且其它字母是否为小写，字符串中可以存在其它非字母的字符
# 统计字符次数
print('# count')
# 统计字符串里某个字符出现的次数。可以选择字符串索引的起始位置和结束位置。
# >>> help('os'.count)
# Help on built-in function count:
# count(...) method of builtins.str instance
# S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
# Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
# string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are
# interpreted as in slice notation.
temp='hakhdjljozjzOslljlpoapzzjoaio4khan'
print(temp.count('z',1,len(temp)))
print(temp.count('z',10,len(temp)))
print(temp.count('l',2,12))
# 字符串编码
one='i love python'
two='python'
print('one= ')
print(one)
print('two= ')
print(two)
print()
# encode 指定的编码格式编码字符串
print(two.encode())
"I love my country".encode(encoding="utf8",errors="strict")
"时间简史".encode(encoding="utf8",errors="strict")
# >>> help('os'.encode)
# Help on built-in function encode:
# encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') method of builtins.str instance
# Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.
# encoding
# The encoding in which to encode the string.
# errors
# The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors.
# The default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a
# UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
# 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
# codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
# decode() 指定的编码格式解码字符串，默认编码为字符串编码。decode英文意思是 解码，
print('# decode')
# >>> help('os'.decode)
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
# AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'
str1 = "你好".encode(encoding="utf8")
str2=str1.decode(encoding="utf8")
print(str2)
print('')
("时间简史".encode(encoding="utf8",errors="strict")).decode(encoding="utf_8")
print(("时间简史".encode(encoding="utf8",errors="strict")).decode(encoding="utf_8"))
#解码"时间简史".encode(encoding="utf8",errors="strict") 为 decode(encoding="utf_8")
# 字符串查找
temp='i love python'
one='aihkha HJFH ajiajs'
print(temp)
print(one)
# find 自左向右的第一个位置
print('# find')
print(one.find('a'))
print(one.find('a',5))
print(one.find('a',6))
print(one.find('a',13,20))
len(one)
print(one.find('a',6,len(one)))
# >>> help('os'.find)
# Help on built-in function find:
# find(...) method of builtins.str instance
# S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
# Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
# such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
# arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
# Return -1 on failure.
# rfind 自右向左的第一个位置
print('# rfing:')
print(one.rfind('a',6,len(one)))
print('# index')
print(one.index('a'))
# print(temp.index('a')) 会报错
temp.index('o')
temp.index('o',4,len(temp))
print('# rindex')
temp.rindex('o',4,len(temp))
# 查找方向与index相反 (r=right l=left)
# 字符串格式化
#format
i=1462783.19133459
print('# 数据格式化')
print("i=",i)
print(format(i,'.2f'))
# 科学计数法
print(format(i,'e'))
print(format(13546.14648,'.2e'))
# 指定最小宽度
print(format(i,'20,.2f'))
# 百分数 %
print(format(i,'%'))
print(format(i,'.3%'))
# 整数
print(format(85,'10d'))
print(format(i,'15,.2f'))
# print(format(i, sep=''))
# print(format('464 ','898412218''sep''))
# {}的应用
print('{} lo{} py{}'.format('i','ve','thon'))
# >>> help('os'.format)
# Help on built-in function format:
# format(...) method of builtins.str instance
# S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str
# Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
# The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
# 提升
temp={'one','two','three'}
for i in temp:
print('{}:love python'.format(i))
print('{}:love python'.format(i.center(10,'*')))
print()
# for循环进行批量处理
print(['i love python_{}'.format(i) for i in list('sjalj')])
# format_map # 返回字符串的格式化版本
# 字符串加密解密
# >>> help('os'.maketrans)
# Help on built-in function maketrans:
# maketrans(...)
# Return a translation table usable for str.translate()
# If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode
# ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None.
# Character keys will be then converted to ordinals.
# If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and
# in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the
# character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it
# must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
a = 'sjhakh sahkh skahppp'
c='abcdfg'
b = c.maketrans('ABCDFG',c) # {65: 97, 66: 98, 67: 99, 68: 100, 70: 102, 71: 103}
z = str.maketrans(b)
print(a.translate(z))
print(c.translate(z))
print()
# 有两个参数，则两个参数形成对应关系且两个参数的长度一致
b = a.maketrans('shak','****')
d = c.maketrans('ABCDFG',c) # 必须满足len('ABCDDFG')=len(c)
print(a.translate(b))
print()
print(b)
# print(b.translate())
print(d)
# 如果有第三个参数则第三个参数必须是字符串，该字符串将自动映射到none（就是返回的值直接删除第三个参数的内容）
g = a.maketrans('GGGGG','##&&#','sj')
# 第三个字符串 自动定映射到none 直接省略
print(a.translate(g))
print(g)
print('ef:来自AI')
table = str.maketrans('abcdf p', '923458A') # 同上(必须满足len('ABCDDFG')=len(c))
# 创建映射表
string = 'habccasjahsdkhakba zkzhkhppzzbvsambaxba'
new_string = string.translate(table)
print(new_string)
# 替换字符串中的字符
# maketrans是一个静态函数，用于生成一个映射表，供translate使用(对照),如果maketrans 仅一个参数，则该参数必须是一个字典;
# 如果是接受两个参数,两个等长的字符串，用于指定要替换的字符和替换的目标字符
# 要么是一个长度为 1 的字符串，字典的 value 则可以是任意字符串、None或者 Unicode 编码。
# translate()函数用于对字符串进行字符替换操作，它接受一个映射表作为参数，将字符串中的指定字两个参数符替换为目标字符。这个函数返回替换后的新字符串。
# 字符串替换
print('# replace')
temp='i love python'
one='hello'
print(temp,one)
print(temp.replace(temp,one))
print(temp.replace('love',one))
print(one.replace('e',temp))
# >>> help('os'.replace)
# Help on built-in function replace:
# replace(old, new, count=-1, /) method of builtins.str instance
# Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
# count
# Maximum number of occurrences to replace.
# -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.
# If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are
# replaced.
print('# expandtabs')
# 将字符串S中的 \t 替换为一定数量的空格
print('hakhsakahd jdh\thaA'.expandtabs(16))
print('hakhsakahd jdh\thaA\tGGG LL'.expandtabs(12))
# center()
one='i love python'
two='python'
print('one= ')
print(one)
print('two= ')
print(two)
print('# center')
print(one.center(5))
print(two.center(10))
print(two.center(10,'&'))
# >>> help('os'.center)
# Help on built-in function center:
# center(width, fillchar=' ', /) method of builtins.str instance
# Return a centered string of length width.
# Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
# ljust()
print('# ljust()')
print(two.ljust(15)) # fillchar 默认为空格
print(two.ljust(15,'@'))
print('')
# 第一个空为宽度(width) 第二个空为fillchar
# 字符串优先向左对齐,并占用width 和在空width填入fillchar
print('提升')
L = ['two','peter',two]
for name in L:
print(name)
for name in L:
print(name.ljust(10,'#'))
#rlist
print('# rjust')
print(one.rjust(20))
print(one.rjust(20,'*'))
# 由ljust同理可知rjust
# zfill
print('# zfil')
print(two.zfill(20))
# 区别rjust, fillchar为 0
# 字符串修剪
temp='i love python'
print('temp = ',temp)
print('# strip')
print(temp.strip('i'))
print(temp.strip('python'))
print(temp.strip('lo'))
print(temp.strip('i lo'))
print('IIIIIhdsdjgjdaiIIIII'.strip('IIIII'))
print('494454dkka6494'.strip('494'))
# strip作用是去除字符串开头和结尾处指定的字符，不会去除字符串中间对应的字符
print('# lstrip')
print('jksghhhhHUUUUUUjksg'.strip('jksg'))
print('jksghhhhHUUUUUUjksg'.lstrip('jksg'))
print('gsaGGGGGGGags'.lstrip('GGGGGGG'))
print('gsaHHJJgsa'.lstrip('gsa'))
# trip()用于截掉字符串左边的空格或指定字符
print('# rstrip')
print('hsakhUUUUhsa'.rstrip('hsa'))
# 删除字符串末尾(右边)的指定字符（默认为空格）
# 有很多不足之处，请谅解。欢迎其他大神留言，我好进步。谢谢。
#看到这里点个赞吧，谢谢大佬。
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