C++ 指针和结构体

#include <iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

struct Student
{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
}s2;


struct teacher {
	int id;
	string name;
	struct Student stu;
};


int main()
{
	//1. 定义指针

	int a = 10;

	//指针定义的语法 ： 数据类型 * 指针变量
	int* p;
	//让指针记录变量a的地址
	p = &a;
	cout << "a的地址为:" << &a << endl;
	cout << "p的地址为:" << p << endl;

	//2. 使用指针
	//可以通过解引用的方式来找到指针指向的内存
	//指针前加 * 代表解引用，找到指针指向的内存中的数据

	*p = 1000;
	cout << "a=" << a << endl;
	cout << "*p=" << *p << endl;

	//3 指针所占内存空间
	
	cout<< "int*:" << sizeof(int*) << endl;
	cout <<"float*:" << sizeof(float*) << endl;
	cout <<"double*:" << sizeof(double*) << endl;
	cout <<"char*:" << sizeof(char*) << endl;
	
	//4 空指针和野指针
	//注意： 空指针指向的内存是不可以访问的

	int* p2 = NULL;

	//cout << "*p:" << *p2 << endl;
	
	//空指针  1~255  系统自带

	//野指针
	//int* p3 = (int*)0x11000;
	//cout << "*p3:" << *p3 << endl;

	
	//5 const 修饰指针		常量指针
	cout << endl;

	int a1 = 10;
	int b1 = 20;
	int* p4 = &a1;

	cout << "a1: " << &a1 << endl;
	cout << "b1: " << &b1 << endl;

	const int* p5 = &a1;
	
	//常量指针
	//特点： 指针的指向可以修改，
	//但是指针指向的值不可以改

	//*p5 = 55;  错误 
	cout << "a1 p5: " << p5 << endl;
	p5 = &b1;
	cout << *p5 << endl;
	cout << "b1 p5: " << p5 << endl;

	//指针常量
	//特点： 指针的指向不可以改，
	//指针指向的值可以改

	int* const p6 = &b1;
	b1 = 30;
	//p6 = &a1;  错误
	cout << *p6 << endl;
return 0;
}

	//6 指针和数组
	//利用指针访问数组中的元素

	int arr1[] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };
	cout << "第一个元素为：" << arr1[0] << endl;
	int* p7 = arr1;

	cout << "sizeof(arr1): " << sizeof(arr1) << endl;

	for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(arr1)/sizeof(arr1[0]); i++)
	{
		cout <<":"<< *(p7 + i) << endl;
	}
	

	//7 指针和函数
	//作用：利用指针作函数参数，可以修改实参的值
	
	//1 值传递		不会改变实参

	//2 地址传递		

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void swap1(int *p1,int *p2)
{
    int temp=*p1;
    *p1=*p2;
    *p2=temp;

}

int main()
{
    int a=10;
    int b=20;

    swap1(&a,&b);

    cout<<"a->"<<a<<endl;
    cout<<"b->"<<b<<endl;

    return 0;
}

//8 指针 数组  函数   

	//9 结构体
	//自定义数据类型, 一些类型集合组成的一个类型
	//语法  struct 类型名称 {成员列表}

	Student s1;
	s1.name = "你好，世界！！！";
	s1.age = 18;
	s1.score = 100;
	cout << "name: " << s1.name << " age: " << s1.age << " score: " << s1.score << endl;


	s2.name = "tiny";
	s2.age = 18;
	s2.score = 100;
	cout << "s2->name: " << s2.name << " age: " << s2.age << " score: " << s2.score << endl;

	//定义结构体时的关键字是 struct , 不可以省略;
	//创建结构体变量时，关键字struct可以省略；
	//结构体变量利用操作符 "." 访问成员


	//结构体数组
	//1 定义结构体

	//2 创建结构体数组
	
	Student s3[5] = {
		{"张塞",19,110},
		{"里斯",66,89},
		{"李一",45,77}
	};

	//3 给结构体数组中的元素赋值
	s3[2].name = "李炳";
	s3[2].age = 19;
	s3[2].score = 99;

	//4 遍历结构体数组
	
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cout << "s3->name: " << s3[i].name << " age: " << s3[i].age << " score: " << s3[i].score << endl;

	}

	

	//10 结构体指针
	
	//1 创建学生结构体变量
	struct Student s4 = {"张三",31,87};

	//2 通过指针指向结构体变量
	Student* p10 = &s4;

	//3 通过指针访问结构体变量中的数据
	cout << "s4->name: " << p10->name << " age: " << p10->age << " score: " << p10->score << endl;


	struct teacher t;
	t.id = 10000;
	t.name = "laowa";
	t.stu.name = "小王子";
	t.stu.age = 12;
	t.stu.score = 78;

	cout << "--" << t.id << "--" << t.name << "--" << t.stu.name << "--" << t.stu.age << "--" << t.stu.score << endl;

//11 结构体做函数参数
// 
//总结： 不想修改主函数中的数据，用值传递，反之用地址传递



struct Student{
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct Student{

    string name;
    int age;
    int score;
};

void Print1(struct Student s5)
{
    s5.age=666;
    cout << "值传递--" << s5.name << "--" << s5.age << "--" <<s5.score << endl;
}

void Print2(struct Student*p)
{
    //p->age=100;
    cout << "地址传递--" << p->name << "--" << p->age << "--" <<p->score << endl;
}

int main()
{
    //11 结构体做函数参数
	//
	//创建结构体变量

	Student s5;
	s5.name = "小库";
	s5.age = 29;
	s5.score = 86;

	//1 值传递
	Print1(s5);

    //2 地址传递
    Print2(&s5);

    cout << "值传递--" << s5.name << "--" << s5.age << "--" <<s5.score << endl;

    return 0;
}

	//11 结构体中const 使用场景

	//请参考 5         

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