C++ - 多重继承可能产生冗余的成员_构造函数时代码冗余 c++-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2401_83817689/article/details/138777732

cout << "pb->getB() = " << pb->getB() << endl;    //2

cout << endl;    //换行

void* paa = pa;
void* pbb = pb;


if( paa == pbb )
{
    cout << "Pointer to the same object!" << endl; 
}
else    //执行error
{
    cout << "Error" << endl;
}

cout << "pa = " << pa << endl;
cout << "pb = " << pb << endl;
cout << "paa = " << paa << endl;
cout << "pbb = " << pbb << endl; 

return 0;

}


结果：

sizeof(Derived) = 12
ma = 1, mb = 2, mc = 3
d.getA() = 1
d.getB() = 2
d.getC() = 3

pa->getA() = 1
pb->getB() = 2

Error
pa = 0xbfe7e304
pb = 0xbfe7e308
paa = 0xbfe7e304
pbb = 0xbfe7e308


分析：


BaseA\* pa = &d;  BaseB\* pb = &d;  结果两个地址相差4，说明pa指向BaseA的地址，pb指向BaseB的地址，表示同一个对象有多个虚函数表。



**2.多重继承可能产生冗余的成员（成员变量或者成员函数）**


菱形继承：


![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200912153421636.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3BpYW9ndW82MA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


代码示例：产生冗余的成员（成员变量或者成员函数）

#include
#include

using namespace std;

class People
{
string m_name;
int m_age;
public:
People(string name, int age)
{
m_name = name;
m_age = age;
}
void print()
{
cout << "Name = " << m_name << ", "
<< "Age = " << m_age << endl;
}
};

class Teacher : public People
{
public:
Teacher(string name, int age) : People(name, age) //调用父类构造函数
{
}
};

class Student : public People
{
public:
Student(string name, int age) : People(name, age) //调用父类构造函数
{
}
};

class Doctor : public Teacher, public Student
{
public:
Doctor(string name, int age) : Teacher(name, age), Student(name, age)
{
}
};

int main()
{
Doctor d(“Delphi”, 33);

d.print();

return 0;

}


结果：编译错误

53-2.cpp: In constructor ‘Doctor::Doctor(std::string, int)’:
53-2.cpp:45:73: error: type ‘People’ is not a direct base of ‘Doctor’
Doctor(string name, int age) : Teacher(name, age), Student(name, age), People(name, age)
错误：'People’类型不是一个’Doctor’直接基类
53-2.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
53-2.cpp:55:4: error: request for member ‘print’ is ambiguous
d.print();
^
错误：请求成员’print’是不明确的操作
53-2.cpp:17:7: note: candidates are: void People::print()
void print()
^
53-2.cpp:17:7: note: void People::print()


分析：


d有多个print函数，编译器不知道调用哪个print函数。


可以通过作用域访问符：这样就不会出现编译错误

d.Teacher::print()
d.Student::print()


打印结果：打印了相同的信息。

Name = Delphi, Age = 33
Name = Delphi, Age = 33



继续测试：

class Doctor : public Teacher, public Student
{
public:
Doctor(string name, int age) : Teacher(name + “1”, age+1), Student(name + “2”, age + 2), People(name, age) //直接调用顶层父类的构造函数
{
}
};


 结果：

Name = Delphi1, Age = 34
Name = Delphi2, Age = 35


分析：


结果虽然没有编译错误，但是还是打印出来了两个结果，还是会产生产生冗余的成员，解决的办法就是使用虚继承的方式，子类必须直接调用顶层父类的构造函数。



代码示例：解决办法，虚继承。

#include
#include

using namespace std;

class People
{
string m_name;
int m_age;
public:
People(string name, int age)
{
m_name = name;
m_age = age;
}
void print()
{
cout << "Name = " << m_name << ", "
<< "Age = " << m_age << endl;
}
};