Java的Runnable、Callable、Future、FutureTask。

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于 2024-04-15 16:07:47 发布

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其中Runnable应该是我们最熟悉的接口，它只有一个run()函数，用于将耗时操作写在其中，该函数没有返回值。然后使用某个线程去执行该runnable即可实现多线程，Thread类在调用start()函数后就是执行的是Runnable的run()函数。Runnable的声明如下 :

[java] view plain copy

public interface Runnable {
/**
* When an object implementing interface Runnable is used
* to create a thread, starting the thread causes the object’s
* run method to be called in that separately executing
* thread.
*
*
* @see java.lang.Thread#run()
*/
public abstract void run();
}

Callable

Callable与Runnable的功能大致相似，Callable中有一个call()函数，但是call()函数有返回值，而Runnable的run()函数不能将结果返回给客户程序。Callable的声明如下 :

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public interface Callable {
/**
* Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
*
* @return computed result
* @throws Exception if unable to compute a result
*/
V call() throws Exception;
}

可以看到，这是一个泛型接口，call()函数返回的类型就是客户程序传递进来的V类型。

Future

Executor就是Runnable和Callable的调度容器，Future就是对于具体的Runnable或者Callable任务的执行结果进行

**取消、**查询是否完成、获取结果、设置结果操作。get方法会阻塞，直到任务返回结果(Future简介)。Future声明如下 :

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/**
* @see FutureTask
* @see Executor
* @since 1.5
* @author Doug Lea
* @param The result type returned by this Future’s get method
*/
public interface Future {
/**
* Attempts to cancel execution of this task. This attempt will
* fail if the task has already completed, has already been cancelled,
* or could not be cancelled for some other reason. If successful,
* and this task has not started when cancel is called,
* this task should never run. If the task has already started,
* then the mayInterruptIfRunning parameter determines
* whether the thread executing this task should be interrupted in
* an attempt to stop the task. *
*/
boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);
/**
* Returns true if this task was cancelled before it completed
* normally.
*/
boolean isCancelled();
/**
* Returns true if this task completed.
*
*/
boolean isDone();
/**
* Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then
* retrieves its result.
*
* @return the computed result
*/
V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
/**
* Waits if necessary for at most the given time for the computation
* to complete, and then retrieves its result, if available.
*
* @param timeout the maximum time to wait
* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
* @return the computed result
*/
V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}

FutureTask

FutureTask则是一个RunnableFuture，而RunnableFuture实现了Runnbale又实现了Futrue这两个接口，

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public class FutureTask implements RunnableFuture

RunnableFuture

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public interface RunnableFuture extends Runnable, Future {
/**
* Sets this Future to the result of its computation
* unless it has been cancelled.
*/
void run();
}

另外它还可以包装Runnable和Callable，由构造函数注入依赖。

[java] view plain copy

public FutureTask(Callable callable) {
if (callable == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.callable = callable;
this.state = NEW; // ensure visibility of callable
}
public FutureTask(Runnable runnable, V result) {
this.callable = Executors.callable(runnable, result);
this.state = NEW; // ensure visibility of callable
}

可以看到，Runnable注入会被Executors.callable()函数转换为Callable类型，即FutureTask最终都是执行Callable类型的任务。该适配函数的实现如下：

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public static Callable callable(Runnable task, T result) {
if (task == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new RunnableAdapter(task, result);
}

RunnableAdapter适配器

[java] view plain copy

/**
* A callable that runs given task and returns given result
*/
static final class RunnableAdapter implements Callable {
final Runnable task;
final T result;
RunnableAdapter(Runnable task, T result) {
this.task = task;
this.result = result;
}
public T call() {
task.run();
return result;
}
}

由于FutureTask实现了Runnable，因此它既可以通过Thread包装来直接执行，也可以提交给ExecuteService来执行。

并且还可以直接通过get()函数获取执行结果，该函数会阻塞，直到结果返回。因此FutureTask既是Future、

**Runnable，**又是包装了Callable( 如果是Runnable最终也会被转换为Callable )，它是这两者的合体。

简单示例

[java] view plain copy

package com.effective.java.concurrent.task;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
/**
*
* @author mrsimple
*
*/
public class RunnableFutureTask {
/**
* ExecutorService
*/
static ExecutorService mExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
/**
*
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
runnableDemo();
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