Android 从源码分析Bitmap和BitmapFactory常用API(1)

}

return Config.nativeToConfig(nativeConfig(mNativePtr));

}

hasAlpha()

检测bitmap是否支持像素级别透明。

/** Returns true if the bitmap’s config supports per-pixel alpha, and

• if the pixels may contain non-opaque alpha values. For some configs,

• this is always false (e.g. RGB_565), since they do not support per-pixel

• alpha. However, for configs that do, the bitmap may be flagged to be

• known that all of its pixels are opaque. In this case hasAlpha() will

• also return false. If a config such as ARGB_8888 is not so flagged,

• it will return true by default.

*/

public final boolean hasAlpha() {

if (mRecycled) {

Log.w(TAG, “Called hasAlpha() on a recycle()'d bitmap! This is undefined behavior!”);

}

return nativeHasAlpha(mNativePtr);

}

setHasAlpha(boolean hasAlpha)

设置bitmap是否支持像素级别透明

/**

• Tell the bitmap if all of the pixels are known to be opaque (false)

• or if some of the pixels may contain non-opaque alpha values (true).

• Note, for some configs (e.g. RGB_565) this call is ignored, since it

• does not support per-pixel alpha values.

• This is meant as a drawing hint, as in some cases a bitmap that is known

• to be opaque can take a faster drawing case than one that may have

• non-opaque per-pixel alpha values.

*/

public void setHasAlpha(boolean hasAlpha) {

checkRecycled(“setHasAlpha called on a recycled bitmap”);

nativeSetHasAlpha(mNativePtr, hasAlpha, mRequestPremultiplied);

}

eraseColor(@ColorInt int c)

用颜色值填充bitmap的像素。

/**

• Fills the bitmap’s pixels with the specified {@link Color}.

• @throws IllegalStateException if the bitmap is not mutable.

*/

public void eraseColor(@ColorInt int c) {

checkRecycled(“Can’t erase a recycled bitmap”);

if (!isMutable()) {

throw new IllegalStateException(“cannot erase immutable bitmaps”);

}

nativeErase(mNativePtr, c);

}

getPixel(int x, int y)

获取指定位置像素的颜色值。

/**

• Returns the {@link Color} at the specified location. Throws an exception

• if x or y are out of bounds (negative or >= to the width or height

• respectively). The returned color is a non-premultiplied ARGB value.

• @param x The x coordinate (0…width-1) of the pixel to return

• @param y The y coordinate (0…height-1) of the pixel to return

• @return The argb {@link Color} at the specified coordinate

• @throws IllegalArgumentException if x, y exceed the bitmap’s bounds

*/

@ColorInt

public int getPixel(int x, int y) {

checkRecycled(“Can’t call getPixel() on a recycled bitmap”);

checkPixelAccess(x, y);

return nativeGetPixel(mNativePtr, x, y);

}

setPixel(int x, int y, @ColorInt int color)

设置指定位置像素的颜色值。

/**

• Write the specified {@link Color} into the bitmap (assuming it is

• mutable) at the x,y coordinate. The color must be a

• non-premultiplied ARGB value.

• @param x The x coordinate of the pixel to replace (0…width-1)

• @param y The y coordinate of the pixel to replace (0…height-1)

• @param color The ARGB color to write into the bitmap

• @throws IllegalStateException if the bitmap is not mutable

• @throws IllegalArgumentException if x, y are outside of the bitmap’s

•     bounds.
  

*/

public void setPixel(int x, int y, @ColorInt int color) {

checkRecycled(“Can’t call setPixel() on a recycled bitmap”);

if (!isMutable()) {

throw new IllegalStateException();

}

checkPixelAccess(x, y);

nativeSetPixel(mNativePtr, x, y, color);

}

writeToParcel(Parcel p, int flags)

打包bitmap

/**

• Write the bitmap and its pixels to the parcel. The bitmap can be

• rebuilt from the parcel by calling CREATOR.createFromParcel().

• @param p Parcel object to write the bitmap data into

*/

public void writeToParcel(Parcel p, int flags) {

checkRecycled(“Can’t parcel a recycled bitmap”);

if (!nativeWriteToParcel(mNativePtr, mIsMutable, mDensity, p)) {

throw new RuntimeException(“native writeToParcel failed”);

}

}

extractAlpha()

获取原bitmap的alpha通道数据最为新的bitmap。

/**

• Returns a new bitmap that captures the alpha values of the original.

• This may be drawn with Canvas.drawBitmap(), where the color(s) will be

• taken from the paint that is passed to the draw call.

• @return new bitmap containing the alpha channel of the original bitmap.

*/

@CheckResult

public Bitmap extractAlpha() {

return extractAlpha(null, null);

}

和另外一个bitmap比较二者是否相同。

/**

• Given another bitmap, return true if it has the same dimensions, config,

• and pixel data as this bitmap. If any of those differ, return false.

• If other is null, return false.

*/

public boolean sameAs(Bitmap other) {

checkRecycled(“Can’t call sameAs on a recycled bitmap!”);

if (this == other) return true;

if (other == null) return false;

if (other.isRecycled()) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException(“Can’t compare to a recycled bitmap!”);

}

return nativeSameAs(mNativePtr, other.mNativePtr);

}

prepareToDraw()

绘制准备：重建该bitmap相关联的缓存来绘制。在可清除的bitmap中，此方法会尝试确保像素已经被解码。

/**

• Rebuilds any caches associated with the bitmap that are used for

• drawing it. In the case of purgeable bitmaps, this call will attempt to

• ensure that the pixels have been decoded.

• If this is called on more than one bitmap in sequence, the priority is

• given in LRU order (i.e. the last bitmap called will be given highest

• priority).

• For bitmaps with no associated caches, this call is effectively a no-op,

• and therefore is harmless.

*/

public void prepareToDraw() {

checkRecycled(“Can’t prepareToDraw on a recycled bitmap!”);

// Kick off an update/upload of the bitmap outside of the normal

// draw path.

nativePrepareToDraw(mNativePtr);

}

CompressFormat

bitmap压缩格式：JPEG，PNG，WEBP（谷歌推出的图片格式，小体积高质量，豆瓣电影的海报使用的此格式）

/**

• Specifies the known formats a bitmap can be compressed into

*/

public enum CompressFormat {

JPEG (0),

PNG (1),

WEBP (2);

CompressFormat(int nativeInt) {

this.nativeInt = nativeInt;

}

final int nativeInt;

}

compress(CompressFormat format, int quality, OutputStream stream)

压缩bitmap。

/**

• Write a compressed version of the bitmap to the specified outputstream.

• If this returns true, the bitmap can be reconstructed by passing a

• corresponding inputstream to BitmapFactory.decodeStream(). Note: not

• all Formats support all bitmap configs directly, so it is possible that

• the returned bitmap from BitmapFactory could be in a different bitdepth,

• and/or may have lost per-pixel alpha (e.g. JPEG only supports opaque

• pixels).

• @param format The format of the compressed image

• @param quality Hint to the compressor, 0-100. 0 meaning compress for

•             small size, 100 meaning compress for max quality. Some
  

•             formats, like PNG which is lossless, will ignore the
  

•             quality setting
  

• @param stream The outputstream to write the compressed data.

• @return true if successfully compressed to the specified stream.

*/

public boolean compress(CompressFormat format, int quality, OutputStream stream) {

checkRecycled(“Can’t compress a recycled bitmap”);

// do explicit check before calling the native method

if (stream == null) {

throw new NullPointerException();

}

if (quality < 0 || quality > 100) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException(“quality must be 0…100”);

}

Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES, “Bitmap.compress”);

boolean result = nativeCompress(mNativePtr, format.nativeInt,

quality, stream, new byte[WORKING_COMPRESS_STORAGE]);

Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES);

return result;

}

---

BitmapFactory

---

inMutable

配置bitmap是否可修改

/**

• If set, decode methods will always return a mutable Bitmap instead of

• an immutable one. This can be used for instance to programmatically apply

• effects to a Bitmap loaded through BitmapFactory.

*/

@SuppressWarnings({“UnusedDeclaration”}) // used in native code

public boolean inMutable;

inJustDecodeBounds

如果设置为true，不获取图片，不分配内存，但会返回图片的高度宽度信息。

/**

• If set to true, the decoder will return null (no bitmap), but

• the out… fields will still be set, allowing the caller to query

• the bitmap without having to allocate the memory for its pixels.

*/

public boolean inJustDecodeBounds;

inSampleSize

图片缩放倍数

/**

• If set to a value > 1, requests the decoder to subsample the original

• image, returning a smaller image to save memory. The sample size is

• the number of pixels in either dimension that correspond to a single

• pixel in the decoded bitmap. For example, inSampleSize == 4 returns

• an image that is 1/4 the width/height of the original, and 1/16 the

• number of pixels. Any value <= 1 is treated the same as 1. Note: the

• decoder uses a final value based on powers of 2, any other value will

• be rounded down to the nearest power of 2.

*/

public int inSampleSize;

inDither, @deprecated

抖动解码

/**

• @deprecated As of {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#N}, this is

• ignored.

• In {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#M} and below, if dither is

• true, the decoder will attempt to dither the decoded image.

*/

public boolean inDither;

inDensity

用于位图的像素压缩比。

/**

• The pixel density to use for the bitmap. This will always result

• in the returned bitmap having a density set for it (see

• {@link Bitmap#setDensity(int) Bitmap.setDensity(int)}). In addition,

• if {@link #inScaled} is set (which it is by default} and this

• density does not match {@link #inTargetDensity}, then the bitmap

• will be scaled to the target density before being returned.

• If this is 0,

• {@link BitmapFactory#decodeResource(Resources, int)},

• {@link BitmapFactory#decodeResource(Resources, int, android.graphics.BitmapFactory.Options)},

• and {@link BitmapFactory#decodeResourceStream}

• will fill in the density associated with the resource. The other

• functions will leave it as-is and no density will be applied.

• @see #inTargetDensity

• @see #inScreenDensity

• @see #inScaled

• @see Bitmap#setDensity(int)

• @see android.util.DisplayMetrics#densityDpi

*/

public int inDensity;

inTargetDensity

用于目标位图的像素压缩比（要生成的位图）

/**

• The pixel density of the destination this bitmap will be drawn to.

• This is used in conjunction with {@link #inDensity} and

• {@link #inScaled} to determine if and how to scale the bitmap before

• returning it.

• If this is 0,

• {@link BitmapFactory#decodeResource(Resources, int)},

• {@link BitmapFactory#decodeResource(Resources, int, android.graphics.BitmapFactory.Options)},

• and {@link BitmapFactory#decodeResourceStream}

• will fill in the density associated the Resources object’s

• DisplayMetrics. The other

• functions will leave it as-is and no scaling for density will be

• performed.

• @see #inDensity

• @see #inScreenDensity

• @see #inScaled

• @see android.util.DisplayMetrics#densityDpi

*/

public int inTargetDensity;

inScreenDensity

当前屏幕的像素密度

/**

• The pixel density of the actual screen that is being used. This is

• purely for applications running in density compatibility code, where

• {@link #inTargetDensity} is actually the density the application

• sees rather than the real screen density.

• By setting this, you

• allow the loading code to avoid scaling a bitmap that is currently

• in the screen density up/down to the compatibility density. Instead,

• if {@link #inDensity} is the same as {@link #inScreenDensity}, the

• bitmap will be left as-is. Anything using the resulting bitmap

• must also used {@link Bitmap#getScaledWidth(int)

• Bitmap.getScaledWidth} and {@link Bitmap#getScaledHeight

• Bitmap.getScaledHeight} to account for any different between the

• bitmap’s density and the target’s density.

• This is never set automatically for the caller by

• {@link BitmapFactory} itself. It must be explicitly set, since the

• caller must deal with the resulting bitmap in a density-aware way.

• @see #inDensity

• @see #inTargetDensity

• @see #inScaled

• @see android.util.DisplayMetrics#densityDpi

*/

public int inScreenDensity;

inScaled

设置为true时进行图片压缩，从inDensity到inTargetDensity

/**

• When this flag is set, if {@link #inDensity} and

• {@link #inTargetDensity} are not 0, the

• bitmap will be scaled to match {@link #inTargetDensity} when loaded,

• rather than relying on the graphics system scaling it each time it

• is drawn to a Canvas.

• BitmapRegionDecoder ignores this flag, and will not scale output

• based on density. (though {@link #inSampleSize} is supported)

• This flag is turned on by default and should be turned off if you need

• a non-scaled version of the bitmap. Nine-patch bitmaps ignore this

• flag and are always scaled.

• If {@link #inPremultiplied} is set to false, and the image has alpha,

• setting this flag to true may result in incorrect colors.

*/

public boolean inScaled;

inPurgeable

当存储Pixel的内存空间在系统内存不足时是否可以被回收

/**

• @deprecated As of {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#LOLLIPOP}, this is

• ignored.

• In {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#KITKAT} and below, if this

• is set to true, then the resulting bitmap will allocate its

• pixels such that they can be purged if the system needs to reclaim

• memory. In that instance, when the pixels need to be accessed again

• (e.g. the bitmap is drawn, getPixels() is called), they will be

• automatically re-decoded.

• For the re-decode to happen, the bitmap must have access to the

• encoded data, either by sharing a reference to the input

• or by making a copy of it. This distinction is controlled by

• inInputShareable. If this is true, then the bitmap may keep a shallow

• reference to the input. If this is false, then the bitmap will

• explicitly make a copy of the input data, and keep that. Even if

• sharing is allowed, the implementation may still decide to make a

• deep copy of the input data.

• While inPurgeable can help avoid big Dalvik heap allocations (from

• API level 11 onward), it sacrifices performance predictability since any

• image that the view system tries to draw may incur a decode delay which

• can lead to dropped frames. Therefore, most apps should avoid using

• inPurgeable to allow for a fast and fluid UI. To minimize Dalvik heap

• allocations use the {@link #inBitmap} flag instead.

• Note: This flag is ignored when used

• with {@link #decodeResource(Resources, int,

• android.graphics.BitmapFactory.Options)} or {@link #decodeFile(String,

• android.graphics.BitmapFactory.Options)}.

*/

@Deprecated

public boolean inPurgeable;

inInputShareable

inPurgeable为true情况下才生效，是否可以共享一个InputStream

/**

• @deprecated As of {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#LOLLIPOP}, this is

• ignored.

• In {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#KITKAT} and below, this

• field works in conjuction with inPurgeable. If inPurgeable is false,

• then this field is ignored. If inPurgeable is true, then this field

• determines whether the bitmap can share a reference to the input

• data (inputstream, array, etc.) or if it must make a deep copy.

*/

@Deprecated

public boolean inInputShareable;

inPreferQualityOverSpeed

为true则优先保证Bitmap质量其次是解码速度。

/**

• @deprecated As of {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#N}, this is

• ignored. The output will always be high quality.

• In {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#M} and below, if

• inPreferQualityOverSpeed is set to true, the decoder will try to

• decode the reconstructed image to a higher quality even at the

• expense of the decoding speed. Currently the field only affects JPEG

• decode, in the case of which a more accurate, but slightly slower,

• IDCT method will be used instead.

*/

public boolean inPreferQualityOverSpeed;

decodeFile(String pathName, Options opts)

从文件读取图片

/**

• Decode a file path into a bitmap. If the specified file name is null,

• or cannot be decoded into a bitmap, the function returns null.

• @param pathName complete path name for the file to be decoded.

• @param opts null-ok; Options that control downsampling and whether the

•         image should be completely decoded, or just is size returned.
  

• @return The decoded bitmap, or null if the image data could not be

•     decoded, or, if opts is non-null, if opts requested only the
  

•     size be returned (in opts.outWidth and opts.outHeight)
  

*/

public static Bitmap decodeFile(String pathName, Options opts) {

Bitmap bm = null;

InputStream stream = null;

try {

stream = new FileInputStream(pathName);

bm = decodeStream(stream, null, opts);

} catch (Exception e) {

/* do nothing.

If the exception happened on open, bm will be null.

*/

Log.e(“BitmapFactory”, "Unable to decode stream: " + e);

} finally {

if (stream != null) {

try {

stream.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

// do nothing here

}

}

}

return bm;

}

decodeResource

从res资源文件读取图片。

加载的图片可能会经过缩放，该缩放目前是放在 java 层做的，效率比较低，而且需要消耗 java 层的内存。因此，如果大量使用该接口加载图片，容易导致OOM错误

/**

• Synonym for opening the given resource and calling

• {@link #decodeResourceStream}.

• @param res The resources object containing the image data

• @param id The resource id of the image data

• @param opts null-ok; Options that control downsampling and whether the

•         image should be completely decoded, or just is size returned.
  

• @return The decoded bitmap, or null if the image data could not be

•     decoded, or, if opts is non-null, if opts requested only the
  

•     size be returned (in opts.outWidth and opts.outHeight)
  

*/

public static Bitmap decodeResource(Resources res, int id, Options opts) {

Bitmap bm = null;

InputStream is = null;

try {

final TypedValue value = new TypedValue();

is = res.openRawResource(id, value);

bm = decodeResourceStream(res, value, is, null, opts);

} catch (Exception e) {

/* do nothing.

If the exception happened on open, bm will be null.

If it happened on close, bm is still valid.

*/

} finally {

try {

if (is != null) is.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

// Ignore

}

}

if (bm == null && opts != null && opts.inBitmap != null) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException(“Problem decoding into existing bitmap”);

}

return bm;

}

decodeByteArray

从数组读取图片

/**

• Decode an immutable bitmap from the specified byte array.

• @param data byte array of compressed image data

• @param offset offset into imageData for where the decoder should begin

•           parsing.
  

• @param length the number of bytes, beginning at offset, to parse

• @param opts null-ok; Options that control downsampling and whether the

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文末

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ength the number of bytes, beginning at offset, to parse

• @param opts null-ok; Options that control downsampling and whether the

自我介绍一下，小编13年上海交大毕业，曾经在小公司待过，也去过华为、OPPO等大厂，18年进入阿里一直到现在。

深知大多数初中级Android工程师，想要提升技能，往往是自己摸索成长或者是报班学习，但对于培训机构动则近万的学费，着实压力不小。自己不成体系的自学效果低效又漫长，而且极易碰到天花板技术停滞不前！

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[外链图片转存中…(img-FYdOVKJ6-1713731809949)]

[外链图片转存中…(img-gDN9EKu2-1713731809952)]

[外链图片转存中…(img-qf7cbkgD-1713731809953)]

[外链图片转存中…(img-INhEMcc7-1713731809954)]

[外链图片转存中…(img-feCtVWTt-1713731809955)]

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[外链图片转存中…(img-aRaUHiqn-1713731809957)]

文末

不管怎么样，不论是什么样的大小面试，要想不被面试官虐的不要不要的，只有刷爆面试题题做好全面的准备，当然除了这个还需要在平时把自己的基础打扎实，这样不论面试官怎么样一个知识点里往死里凿，你也能应付如流啊

小编将自己6年以来的面试经验和学习笔记都整理成了一个**937页的PDF，**以及我学习进阶过程中看过的一些优质视频教程。

[外链图片转存中…(img-nLEtlF94-1713731809958)]

其实看到身边很多朋友抱怨自己的工资很低，包括笔者也是一样的，其原因是在面试过程中没有给面试官一个很好的答案。所以笔者会持续更新面试过程中遇到的问题，也希望大家和笔者一起进步，一起学习。

《互联网大厂面试真题解析、进阶开发核心学习笔记、全套讲解视频、实战项目源码讲义》点击传送门即可获取！