HarmonyOS实战开发：DataAbility组件开发

创建DataAbility

实现DataAbility中Insert、Query、Update、Delete接口的业务内容。保证能够满足数据库存储业务的基本需求。BatchInsert与ExecuteBatch接口已经在系统中实现遍历逻辑，依赖Insert、Query、Update、Delete接口逻辑，来实现数据的批量处理。

创建DataAbility的代码示例如下：

import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';
import dataAbility from '@ohos.data.dataAbility';
import Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want';
import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
import { AsyncCallback, BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
import rdb from '@ohos.data.rdb';

const TABLE_NAME = 'book'
const STORE_CONFIG: rdb.StoreConfig = { name: 'book.db'}
const SQL_CREATE_TABLE = 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS book(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, name TEXT NOT NULL, introduction TEXT NOT NULL)'
let rdbStore: rdb.RdbStore | undefined = undefined

class DataAbility {
  onInitialized(want: Want) {
    console.info('DataAbility onInitialized, abilityInfo:' + want.bundleName)
    let context: common.BaseContext = {stageMode: featureAbility.getContext().stageMode}
    rdb.getRdbStore(context, STORE_CONFIG, 1, (err, store) => {
      console.info('DataAbility getRdbStore callback')
      store.executeSql(SQL_CREATE_TABLE, [])
      rdbStore = store
    });
  }
  insert(uri: string, valueBucket: rdb.ValuesBucket, callback: AsyncCallback<number>) {
    console.info('DataAbility insert start')
    if (rdbStore) {
      rdbStore.insert(TABLE_NAME, valueBucket, callback)
    }
  }
  batchInsert(uri: string, valueBuckets: Array<rdb.ValuesBucket>, callback: AsyncCallback<number>) {
    console.info('DataAbility batch insert start')
    if (rdbStore) {
      for (let i = 0;i < valueBuckets.length; i++) {
        console.info('DataAbility batch insert i=' + i)
        if (i < valueBuckets.length - 1) {
          rdbStore.insert(TABLE_NAME, valueBuckets[i], (err: BusinessError, num: number) => {
            console.info('DataAbility batch insert ret=' + num)
          })
        } else {
          rdbStore.insert(TABLE_NAME, valueBuckets[i], callback)
        }
      }
    }
  }
  query(uri: string, columns: Array<string>, predicates: dataAbility.DataAbilityPredicates,
        callback: AsyncCallback<rdb.ResultSet>) {
    console.info('DataAbility query start')
    let rdbPredicates = dataAbility.createRdbPredicates(TABLE_NAME, predicates)
    if (rdbStore) {
      rdbStore.query(rdbPredicates, columns, callback)
    }
  }
  update(uri: string, valueBucket: rdb.ValuesBucket, predicates: dataAbility.DataAbilityPredicates,
         callback: AsyncCallback<number>) {
    console.info('DataAbilityupdate start')
    let rdbPredicates = dataAbility.createRdbPredicates(TABLE_NAME, predicates)
    if (rdbStore) {
      rdbStore.update(valueBucket, rdbPredicates, callback)
    }
  }
  delete(uri: string, predicates: dataAbility.DataAbilityPredicates, callback: AsyncCallback<number>) {
    console.info('DataAbilitydelete start')
    let rdbPredicates = dataAbility.createRdbPredicates(TABLE_NAME, predicates)
    if (rdbStore) {
      rdbStore.delete(rdbPredicates, callback)
    }
  }
}

export default new DataAbility()

启动DataAbility

启动DataAbility会获取一个工具接口类对象（DataAbilityHelper）。启动DataAbility的示例代码如下：

// 作为参数传递的URI,与config中定义的URI的区别是多了一个"/",有三个"/",具体原因详见。
import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'

let urivar = "dataability:///com.ix.DataAbility"
let DAHelper = featureAbility.acquireDataAbilityHelper(urivar);

访问DataAbility

访问DataAbility需导入基础依赖包，以及获取与DataAbility子模块通信的URI字符串。

其中，基础依赖包包括：

• @ohos.ability.featureAbility

• @ohos.data.dataAbility

• @ohos.data.relationalStore

访问DataAbility的示例代码如下：

1. 创建工具接口类对象。

   // 作为参数传递的URI,与config中定义的URI的区别是多了一个"/",有三个"/"
   import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
   import ohos_data_ability from '@ohos.data.dataAbility'
   import relationalStore from '@ohos.data.relationalStore'
   
   let urivar = "dataability:///com.ix.DataAbility"
   let DAHelper = featureAbility.acquireDataAbilityHelper(urivar);

2. 构建数据库相关的RDB数据。

   import ohos_data_ability from '@ohos.data.dataAbility'
   import rdb from '@ohos.data.rdb'
   
   let valuesBucket: rdb.ValuesBucket = {"name": "gaolu"}
   let da = new ohos_data_ability.DataAbilityPredicates()
   let valArray = new Array("value1");
   let cars = new Array({"batchInsert1" : "value1",} as rdb.ValuesBucket);

   注：关于DataAbilityPredicates的详细内容

3. 调用insert方法向指定的DataAbility子模块插入数据。

   import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
   
   // callback方式调用:
   DAHelper.insert(
     urivar,
     valuesBucket,
     (error: BusinessError, data: number) => {
       console.info("DAHelper insert result: " + data)
     }
   );

   import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
   import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
   
   let urivar = "dataability:///com.ix.DataAbility"
   let DAHelper = featureAbility.acquireDataAbilityHelper(urivar);
   // promise方式调用(await需要在async方法中使用):
   let datainsert = await DAHelper.insert(urivar, valuesBucket).then((data) => {
     console.info("insert success.");
   }).catch((error: BusinessError) => {
     console.error("insert failed.");
   });

4. 调用delete方法删除DataAbility子模块中指定的数据。

   import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
   
   let urivar = "dataability:///com.ix.DataAbility"
   let DAHelper = featureAbility.acquireDataAbilityHelper(urivar);
   // callback方式调用:
   DAHelper.delete(
     urivar,
     da,
     (error, data) => {
       console.info("DAHelper delete result: " + data)
     }
   );

   import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
   
   let urivar = "dataability:///com.ix.DataAbility"
   let DAHelper = featureAbility.acquireDataAbilityHelper(urivar);
   // promise方式调用(await需要在async方法中使用):
   let datadelete = await DAHelper.delete(
     urivar,
     da,
   );

5. 调用update方法更新指定DataAbility子模块中的数据。

   import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
   
   let urivar = "dataability:///com.ix.DataAbility"
   let DAHelper = featureAbility.acquireDataAbilityHelper(urivar);
   // callback方式调用:
   DAHelper.update(
     urivar,
     valuesBucket,
     da,
     (error, data) => {
       console.info("DAHelper update result: " + data)
     }
   );

   import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
   
   let urivar = "dataability:///com.ix.DataAbility"
   let DAHelper = featureAbility.acquireDataAbilityHelper(urivar);
   // promise方式调用(await需要在async方法中使用):
   let dataupdate = await DAHelper.update(
     urivar,
     valuesBucket,
     da,
   );

6. 调用query方法在指定的DataAbility子模块中查找数据。

   import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
   
   let urivar = "dataability:///com.ix.DataAbility"
   let DAHelper = featureAbility.acquireDataAbilityHelper(urivar);
   // callback方式调用:
   DAHelper.query(
     urivar,
     valArray,
     da,
     (error, data) => {
       console.info("DAHelper query result: " + data)
     }
   );

   import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
   
   let urivar = "dataability:///com.ix.DataAbility"
   let DAHelper = featureAbility.acquireDataAbilityHelper(urivar);
   // promise方式调用(await需要在async方法中使用):
   let dataquery = await DAHelper.query(
     urivar,
     valArray,
     da
   );

7. 调用batchInsert方法向指定的DataAbility子模块批量插入数据。

   import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
   
   let urivar = "dataability:///com.ix.DataAbility"
   let DAHelper = featureAbility.acquireDataAbilityHelper(urivar);
   // callback方式调用:
   DAHelper.batchInsert(
     urivar,
     cars,
     (error, data) => {
       console.info("DAHelper batchInsert result: " + data)
     }
   );

   import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
   
   let urivar = "dataability:///com.ix.DataAbility"
   let DAHelper = featureAbility.acquireDataAbilityHelper(urivar);
   // promise方式调用(await需要在async方法中使用):
   let databatchInsert = await DAHelper.batchInsert(
     urivar,
     cars
   );

8. 调用executeBatch方法向指定的DataAbility子模块进行数据的批量处理。

   import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
   
   let urivar = "dataability:///com.ix.DataAbility"
   let DAHelper = featureAbility.acquireDataAbilityHelper(urivar);
   // callback方式调用:
   DAHelper.executeBatch(
     urivar,
     [
       {
         uri: urivar,
         type: featureAbility.DataAbilityOperationType.TYPE_INSERT,
         valuesBucket: {"executeBatch" : "value1",},
         predicates: da,
         expectedCount:0,
         predicatesBackReferences: undefined,
         interrupted:true,
       }
     ],
     (error, data) => {
       console.info("DAHelper executeBatch result: " + data)
     }
   );

   import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
   
   let urivar = "dataability:///com.ix.DataAbility"
   let DAHelper = featureAbility.acquireDataAbilityHelper(urivar);
   // promise方式调用(await需要在async方法中使用):
   let dataexecuteBatch = await DAHelper.executeBatch(
     urivar,
     [
       {
         uri: urivar,
         type: featureAbility.DataAbilityOperationType.TYPE_INSERT,
         valuesBucket:
         {
           "executeBatch" : "value1",
         },
         predicates: da,
         expectedCount:0,
         predicatesBackReferences: undefined,
         interrupted:true,
       }
     ]
   );

DataAbility的客户端的接口是由工具接口类对象DataAbilityHelper向外提供

---

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