脚本传入的参数有两个,一个是监控的JSON数据字符串值sys.argv[1],一个是保存的图片文件完整路径sys.argv[2]。关于传入的JSON参数字符串值需要加上单引号修饰,否则会导致解析异常,传入的JSON参数也不能直接是JSON对象,必须转化成字符串,示例调用命令如下:
python dump_chart.py '<JSONString>' cpu_chart.png
1、采样CPU示例数据,time是设备的系统时间戳,CPU的占用率的计算可以查看后面具题写的:Android 性能监控之CPU监控。
[
{
"time": "1589435564442.279053",
"cpuRate": "2.17"
},
{
"time": "1589435565655.333008",
"cpuRate": "3.26"
},
{
"time": "1589435566954.137939",
"cpuRate": "2.52"
},
...
]
2、采样内存示例数据,totalPss、nativePss和dalvikPss值都是从dumpsys meminfo输出的应用内存信息中截取出来的原始数据,对应“TOTAL”、“Native Heap“、”Dalvik Heap“字段的Pss Total值。
[
{
"time": "1589636256923.429932",
"totalPss": 177804,
"nativePss": 27922,
"dalvikPss": 10212
},
{
"time": "1589636258236.298096",
"totalPss": 178021,
"nativePss": 27850,
"dalvikPss": 9990
},
{
"time": "1589636259525.219971",
"totalPss": 177899,
"nativePss": 27742,
"dalvikPss": 9990
},
...
]
😉3.1、实现过程中遇到的问题
1、load方法使用错误
json.load()方法使用错误,应该替换成json.loads()。
exeption occur:Traceback (most recent call last):
File "\*\*\*\*\*\*\*", line 11, in startDump
memoryData = json.load(sys.argv[1])
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.15\_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/json/\_\_init\_\_.py", line 287, in load
return loads(fp.read(),
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'read'
2、 JSON字符串对象入参问题
File "\*\*\*\*\*\*", line 11, in startDump
memoryData = json.loads(sys.argv[1])
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.15\_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/json/\_\_init\_\_.py", line 339, in loads
return _default_decoder.decode(s)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.15\_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/json/decoder.py", line 364, in decode
obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.15\_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/json/decoder.py", line 382, in raw_decode
raise ValueError("No JSON object could be decoded")
ValueError: No JSON object could be decoded
针对Python脚本调用,JSON字符串对象作为入参,传入的JSON字符串对象需要加单引号处理,比如在JavaScript中示例处理如下:
'\'' + JSON.stringify(cpuRateJSON) + '\''
3.3、Python需要显示声明参数的类型
在Python中需要指明参数的类型,解析获取到JSON对象中的值之后,Python并不会根据参数来判断是什么类型,需要指明要转化的对象参数类型,比如把系统时间戳转化成float值类型:float(memoryData[0][“time”])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "\*\*\*\*\*\*\*", line 21, in startDump
timeArray.append(timeStamp(memoryItem["time"]))
File "\*\*\*\*\*\*\*", line 36, in timeStamp
timeStamp = float(timeNum/1000)
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'unicode' and 'int'
🏳️🌈4、编码导致的异常
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xe5' in file \*\*\*\*\*\*\* on line 24, but no encoding declared; see http://python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/ for details
如果运行之后报如下的异常,说明是编码出问题,在脚本开头加上编码类型声明:
#!usr/bin/python
# -\*- coding: utf-8 -\*-
🏳️🌈5、保存的文件格式限制
plt.savefig(image_path) 保存的文件格式只能是eps, pdf, pgf, png, ps, raw, rgba, svg, svgz这些,不支持jpg图片的保存。
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/chenwenguan/Documents/AmapAuto/Project/arc-resources/script/performanceMonitor/dump\_cpu\_chart\_image.py", line 23, in startDump
plt.savefig(image_path)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 695, in savefig
res = fig.savefig(\*args, \*\*kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 2062, in savefig
self.canvas.print\_figure(fname, \*\*kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backend\_bases.py", line 2173, in print_figure
canvas = self.\_get\_output\_canvas(format)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backend\_bases.py", line 2105, in _get_output_canvas
.format(fmt, ", ".join(sorted(self.get\_supported\_filetypes()))))
ValueError: Format 'jpg' is not supported (supported formats: eps, pdf, pgf, png, ps, raw, rgba, svg, svgz)
🏳️🌈6、python-tk 依赖
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "\*\*\*\*\*\*\*", line 2, in <module>
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
File "/home/arc/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 115, in <module>
_backend_mod, new_figure_manager, draw_if_interactive, _show = pylab\_setup()
File "/home/arc/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/\_\_init\_\_.py", line 63, in pylab_setup
[backend_name], 0)
File "/home/arc/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend\_tkagg.py", line 4, in <module>
from . import tkagg # Paint image to Tk photo blitter extension.
File "/home/arc/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/tkagg.py", line 5, in <module>
from six.moves import tkinter as Tk
File "/home/arc/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/six.py", line 203, in load_module
mod = mod.\_resolve()
File "/home/arc/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/six.py", line 115, in _resolve
return \_import\_module(self.mod)
File "/home/arc/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/six.py", line 82, in _import_module
\_\_import\_\_(name)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 42, in <module>
raise ImportError, str(msg) + ', please install the python-tk package'
缺少python-tk依赖,执行一下命令安装:
sudo apt-get install -y python-tk
🏳️🌈7、 Agg画布初始化配置
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "\*\*\*\*\*\*", line 22, in startDump
plt.title("ARC Monitor Memory")
File "/home/arc/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 1419, in title
return gca().set\_title(s, \*args, \*\*kwargs)
File "/home/arc/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 969, in gca
return gcf().gca(\*\*kwargs)
File "/home/arc/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 586, in gcf
return figure()
File "/home/arc/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 533, in figure
\*\*kwargs)
File "/home/arc/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backend\_bases.py", line 161, in new_figure_manager
return cls.new\_figure\_manager\_given\_figure(num, fig)
File "/home/arc/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/\_backend\_tk.py", line 1046, in new_figure_manager_given_figure
window = Tk.Tk(className="matplotlib")
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1828, in __init__
self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
在Mac上运行的时候不会出现这个问题,但在Ubuntu环境下运行的时候就报异常了,官网的解释如下:
When using Matplotlib versions older than 3.1, it is necessary to explicitly instantiate an Agg canvas
在脚本文件开头显示声明Agg使用:
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
🏳️🌈8、pyecharts 版本配置问题
如果不是用Python原生方式绘图,而是用pyecharts来绘制图表,要注意下Python版本的匹配。pyecharts v1.0.0 停止对 Python2.7,3.4~3.5 版本的支持和维护,仅支持 Python3.6+。
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "\*\*\*\*\*\*\*", line 11, in <module>
from pyecharts import options as opts
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyecharts/\_\_init\_\_.py", line 1, in <module>
from pyecharts import charts, commons, components, datasets, options, render, scaffold
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyecharts/charts/\_\_init\_\_.py", line 2, in <module>
from ..charts.basic_charts.bar import Bar
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyecharts/charts/basic\_charts/bar.py", line 17
series_name: str,
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
🏳️🌈9、图像显示不全问题
测试过程中发现依次保存CPU和内存数据,可能会出现其中一张图片显示有缺失,只显示一半图像内容。在matplotlib中,轴Axes的位置以标准化图形坐标指定,可能发生的情况是轴标签、标题、刻度标签等等会超出图形区域,导致显示不全。后面加上tight_layout自适应调用之后问题修复。tight_layout会自动调整子图参数,使之填充整个图像区域。
plt.tight\_layout()
网上学习资料一大堆,但如果学到的知识不成体系,遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止,不再深入研究,那么很难做到真正的技术提升。
一个人可以走的很快,但一群人才能走的更远!不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人,都欢迎加入我们的的圈子(技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导),让我们一起学习成长!