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org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.neo4j.Neo4jAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration

以上配置中,value 取值是由多个 xxxAutoConfiguration (使用逗号分隔)组成,每个 xxxAutoConfiguration 都是一个自动配置类。Spring Boot 启动时,会利用 Spring-Factories 机制,将这些 xxxAutoConfiguration 实例化并作为组件加入到容器中,以实现 Spring Boot 的自动配置。

@SpringBootApplication 注解

=========================

所有 Spring Boot 项目的主启动程序类上都使用了一个 @SpringBootApplication 注解,该注解是 Spring Boot 中最重要的注解之一 ,也是 Spring Boot 实现自动化配置的关键。 @SpringBootApplication 是一个组合元注解,其主要包含两个注解:@SpringBootConfiguration 和 @EnableAutoConfiguration,其中 @EnableAutoConfiguration 注解是 SpringBoot 自动化配置的核心所在。

@EnableAutoConfiguration 注解

===========================

@EnableAutoConfiguration 注解用于开启 Spring Boot 的自动配置功能, 它使用 Spring 框架提供的 @Import 注解通过

AutoConfigurationImportSelector类(选择器)给容器中导入自动配置组件。

图2:@EnableAutoConfiguration 注解

AutoConfigurationImportSelector 类

=================================

AutoConfigurationImportSelector 类实现了 DeferredImportSelector 接口,AutoConfigurationImportSelector 中还包含一个静态内部类 AutoConfigurationGroup,它实现了 DeferredImportSelector 接口的内部接口 Group(Spring 5 新增)。 AutoConfigurationImportSelector 类中包含 3 个方法,如下表

返回值

方法声明

描述

内部类方法

内部类

Class<? extends Group>

getImportGroup()

该方法获取实现了 Group 接口的类,并实例化

void

process(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, DeferredImportSelector deferredImportSelector)

该方法用于引入自动配置的集合

AutoConfigurationGroup

Iterable

selectImports()

遍历自动配置类集合(Entry 类型的集合),并逐个解析集合中的配置类

AutoConfigurationGroup

AutoConfigurationImportSelector 内各方法执行顺序如下。

  1. getImportGroup() 方法

  2. process() 方法

  3. selectImports() 方法

下面我们将分别对以上 3 个方法及其调用过程进行介绍。

1. getImportGroup() 方法

=======================

AutoConfigurationImportSelector 类中 getImportGroup() 方法主要用于获取实现了 DeferredImportSelector.Group 接口的类,代码如下。

public Class<? extends Group> getImportGroup() {

//获取实现了 DeferredImportSelector.Gorup 接口的 AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationGroup 类

return AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationGroup.class;

}

2. process() 方法

================

静态内部类 AutoConfigurationGroup 中的核心方法是 process(),该方法通过调用 getAutoConfigurationEntry() 方法读取 spring.factories 文件中的内容,获得自动配置类的集合,代码如下

public void process(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, DeferredImportSelector deferredImportSelector) {

Assert.state(deferredImportSelector instanceof AutoConfigurationImportSelector, () -> {

return String.format(“Only %s implementations are supported, got %s”, AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class.getSimpleName(), deferredImportSelector.getClass().getName());

});

//拿到 META-INF/spring.factories中的EnableAutoConfiguration,并做排除、过滤处理

//AutoConfigurationEntry里有需要引入配置类和排除掉的配置类,最终只要返回需要配置的配置类

AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = ((AutoConfigurationImportSelector)deferredImportSelector).getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);

//加入缓存,List类型

this.autoConfigurationEntries.add(autoConfigurationEntry);

Iterator var4 = autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations().iterator();

while(var4.hasNext()) {

String importClassName = (String)var4.next();

//加入缓存,Map<String, AnnotationMetadata>类型

this.entries.putIfAbsent(importClassName, annotationMetadata);

}

}

getAutoConfigurationEntry() 方法通过调用 getCandidateConfigurations() 方法来获取自动配置类的完全限定名,并在经过排除、过滤等处理后,将其缓存到成员变量中,具体代码如下。

=================================================================================================================

protected AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {

if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {

return EMPTY_ENTRY;

} else {

//获取注解元数据中的属性设置

AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);

//获取自动配置类

List configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);

//删除list 集合中重复的配置类

configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);

//获取飘出导入的配置类

Set exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);

//检查是否还存在排除配置类

this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);

//删除排除的配置类

configurations.removeAll(exclusions);

//获取过滤器,过滤配置类

configurations = this.getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);

//出发自动化配置导入事件

this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);

return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);

}

}

在 getCandidateConfigurations() 方法中,根据 Spring Factories 机制调用 SpringFactoriesLoader 的 loadFactoryNames() 方法,根据 EnableAutoConfiguration.class (自动配置接口)获取其实现类(自动配置类)的类名的集合,如下图。

===========================================================================================================================================================================

面试被问Spring Boot自动配置原理,答不出来?看完面试官都服你

图3:

getCandidateConfigurations 方法

3. process() 方法 以上所有方法执行完成后,AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationGroup#selectImports() 会将 process() 方法处理后得到的自动配置类,进行过滤、排除,最后将所有自动配置类添加到容器中。

========================================================================================================================================================

public Iterable<DeferredImportSelector.Group.Entry> selectImports() {

if (this.autoConfigurationEntries.isEmpty()) {

return Collections.emptyList();

} else {

//获取所有需要排除的配置类

Set allExclusions = (Set)this.autoConfigurationEntries.stream().

map(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry::getExclusions).flatMap(Collection::stream).collect(Collectors.toSet());

//获取所有经过自动化配置过滤器的配置类

Set processedConfigurations = (Set)this.autoConfigurationEntries.stream().map(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.

AutoConfigurationEntry::getConfigurations).flatMap(Collection::stream).collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedHashSet::new));

//排除过滤后配置类中需要排除的类

processedConfigurations.removeAll(allExclusions);

return (Iterable)this.sortAutoConfigurations(processedConfigurations,

this.getAutoConfigurationMetadata()).stream().map((importClassName) -> {

return new DeferredImportSelector.Group.Entry((AnnotationMetadata)this.entries.get(importClassName), importClassName);

}).collect(Collectors.toList());

}

}

自动配置的生效和修改

==========

spring.factories 文件中的所有自动配置类(xxxAutoConfiguration),都是必须在一定的条件下才会作为组件添加到容器中,配置的内容才会生效。这些限制条件在 Spring Boot 中以 @Conditional 派生注解的形式体现,如下表。

注解

生效条件

@ConditionalOnJava

应用使用指定的 Java 版本时生效

@ConditionalOnBean

容器中存在指定的 Bean 时生效

@ConditionalOnMissingBean

容器中不存在指定的 Bean 时生效

@ConditionalOnExpression

满足指定的 SpEL 表达式时生效

@ConditionalOnClass

存在指定的类时生效

@ConditionalOnMissingClass

不存在指定的类时生效

@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate

容器中只存在一个指定的 Bean 或这个 Bean 为首选 Bean 时生效

@ConditionalOnProperty

系统中指定属性存在指定的值时生效

@ConditionalOnResource

类路径下存在指定的资源文件时生效

@ConditionalOnWebApplication

当前应用是 web 应用时生效

@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication

当前应用不是 web 应用生效

下面我们以

ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration 为例,介绍 Spring Boot 自动配置是如何生效的。

ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration

========================================

ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration 代码如下。

@Configuration( //表示这是一个配置类,与 xml 配置文件等价,也可以给容器中添加组件

proxyBeanMethods = false

)

@AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483648)

@ConditionalOnClass({ServletRequest.class})//判断当前项目有没有 ServletRequest 这个类

@ConditionalOnWebApplication(// 判断当前应用是否是 web 应用,如果是,当前配置类生效

type = Type.SERVLET

)

@EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class})

//启动指定类的属性配置(ConfigurationProperties)功能;将配置文件中对应的值和 ServerProperties 绑定起来;并把 ServerProperties 加入到ioc容器中

@Import({ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class, EmbeddedTomcat.class, EmbeddedJetty.class, EmbeddedUndertow.class})

public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration {

public ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration() {

}

@Bean //给容器中添加一个组件,这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取

public ServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer servletWebServerFactoryCustomizer(ServerProperties serverProperties, ObjectProvider webListenerRegistrars) {

return new ServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer(serverProperties, (List) webListenerRegistrars.orderedStream().collect(Collectors.toList()));

}

@Bean

@ConditionalOnClass(

name = {“org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat”}

)

public TomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer tomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer(ServerProperties serverProperties) {

return new TomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer(serverProperties);

}

@Bean

@ConditionalOnMissingFilterBean({ForwardedHeaderFilter.class})

@ConditionalOnProperty(

value = {“server.forward-headers-strategy”},

havingValue = “framework”

)

public FilterRegistrationBean forwardedHeaderFilter() {

ForwardedHeaderFilter filter = new ForwardedHeaderFilter();

FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean(filter, new ServletRegistrationBean[0]);

registration.setDispatcherTypes(DispatcherType.REQUEST, new DispatcherType[]{DispatcherType.ASYNC, DispatcherType.ERROR});

registration.setOrder(-2147483648);

return registration;

}

public static class BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, BeanFactoryAware {

private ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory;

public BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar() {

}

public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {

if (beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) {

this.beanFactory = (ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) beanFactory;

}

}

public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {

if (this.beanFactory != null) {

this.registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(registry, “webServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor”, WebServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor.class, WebServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor::new);

this.registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(registry, “errorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor”, ErrorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor.class, ErrorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor::new);

}

}

private void registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, String name, Class beanClass, Supplier instanceSupplier) {

if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(this.beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(beanClass, true, false))) {

RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(beanClass, instanceSupplier);

beanDefinition.setSynthetic(true);

registry.registerBeanDefinition(name, beanDefinition);

}

}

}

}

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