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一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远！不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdb1[2](S) sde1[1] sdd1[0]
20953088 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
[==========>..........] resync = 54.4% (11407360/20953088) finish=0.7min speed=200040K/sec
unused devices: <none>
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Apr 21 16:12:34 2020
State : clean, resyncing
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Consistency Policy : resync
Resync Status : 77% complete
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 98b76e6e:b6390011:26a822a8:3dcc4cc9
Events : 12
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 49 0 active sync /dev/sdd1
1 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1
2 8 17 - spare /dev/sdb1
3.格式化并挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md1
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/md1
/dev/md1: UUID="18a8f33b-1bb6-43c2-8dfc-2b21a871961a" TYPE="xfs"
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /raid1
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md1 /raid1/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 11G 6.7G 61% /
...
/dev/md1 20G 33M 20G 1% /raid1
4.模拟磁盘损坏
模拟损坏后查看RAID1阵列详细信息，发现/dev/sdb1自动替换了损坏的/dev/sdd1磁盘。
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md1 -f /dev/sdd1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1 //查看
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Apr 21 16:29:38 2020
State : clean, degraded, recovering //正在自动恢复
Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 1 //已损坏的磁盘
Spare Devices : 1 //备用设备数
Consistency Policy : resync
Rebuild Status : 46% complete
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 98b76e6e:b6390011:26a822a8:3dcc4cc9
Events : 26
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
2 8 17 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdb1
1 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1
0 8 49 - faulty /dev/sdd1
****** 备用磁盘正在自动替换损坏的磁盘，等几分钟再查看RAID1阵列详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Apr 21 16:30:39 2020
State : clean //干净，已经替换成功了
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 1 //已损坏的磁盘
Spare Devices : 0 //备用设备数为0了
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 98b76e6e:b6390011:26a822a8:3dcc4cc9
Events : 36
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
2 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1
0 8 49 - faulty /dev/sdd1
5.移除损坏的磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md1 /dev/sdd1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdd1 from /dev/md1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Apr 21 16:38:32 2020
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0 //因为我们已经移除了，所以这里已经没有显示了
Spare Devices : 0
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 98b76e6e:b6390011:26a822a8:3dcc4cc9
Events : 37
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
2 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1
6.添加新磁盘到RAID1阵列：
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -a /dev/md1 /dev/sdc1
//将/dev/sdc1磁盘添加为RAID1阵列的备用设备
mdadm: added /dev/sdc1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Apr 21 16:40:20 2020
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1 //刚添加了一块新磁盘，备用磁盘这里已经有显示
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 98b76e6e:b6390011:26a822a8:3dcc4cc9
Events : 38
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
2 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1
3 8 33 - spare /dev/sdc1
注意：
- 新增加的硬盘需要与原硬盘大小一致。
- 如果原有阵列缺少工作磁盘（如raid1只有一块在工作，raid5只有2块在工作），这时新增加的磁盘直接变为工作磁盘，如果原有阵列工作正常，则新增加的磁盘为热备磁盘。
7.停止RAID阵列
要停止阵列，需要先将挂载的RAID先取消挂载才可以停止阵列，并且停止阵列之后会自动删除创建阵列的目录。
[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/md1
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 11G 6.7G 61% /
devtmpfs 1.1G 0 1.1G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.1G 0 1.1G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.1G 9.7M 1.1G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.1G 0 1.1G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
overlay 17G 11G 6.7G 61% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/2131dc663296fd193837265e88fa5c9c62b9bfd924303381cea8b4c39c652c84/merged
shm 64M 0 64M 0% /var/lib/docker/containers/436f7e6619c1805553ea71d800fd49ab08843cef6ed162acb35b4c32064ea449/mounts/shm
tmpfs 211M 0 211M 0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md1
mdadm: stopped /dev/md1
[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/md1
ls: 无法访问/dev/md1: 没有那个文件或目录
RAID 5 实验
1.创建RAID 5
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md5 -l 5 -n 3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 -x 1 /dev/sde1
//在/dev/md5目录下将sdb1、sdc1、sdd1三块磁盘创建为RAID级别为5，磁盘
数为3的RAID5磁盘阵列并将sde1作为备用磁盘
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020
mdadm: /dev/sdc1 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020
mdadm: /dev/sdd1 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020
mdadm: /dev/sde1 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020
mdadm: size set to 20953088K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Fail create md5 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md5 started.
2.查看RAID 5阵列信息
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md5 : active raid5 sdd1[4] sde1[3](S) sdc1[1] sdb1[0]
41906176 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]
unused devices: <none>
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:56:09 2020
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 41906176 (39.96 GiB 42.91 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Apr 21 16:59:56 2020
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1 //备用设备数1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : localhost.localdomain:5 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 422363cb:e7fd4d3a:aaf61344:9bdd00b3
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1
4 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1
3 8 65 - spare /dev/sde1
3.模拟磁盘损坏
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md5 /dev/sdb1
mdadm: set /dev/sdb1 faulty in /dev/md5 //提示sdb1已损坏
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:56:09 2020
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 41906176 (39.96 GiB 42.91 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Apr 21 17:04:36 2020
State : clean, degraded, recovering //正在自动替换
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : resync
Rebuild Status : 16% complete
Name : localhost.localdomain:5 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 422363cb:e7fd4d3a:aaf61344:9bdd00b3
Events : 22
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
3 8 65 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sde1
1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1
4 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1
0 8 17 - faulty /dev/sdb1
**************************
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:56:09 2020
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 41906176 (39.96 GiB 42.91 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Apr 21 17:07:58 2020
State : clean //自动替换成功
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 1 //损坏磁盘数为1
Spare Devices : 0 //备用磁盘数为0，因为已经替换
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : localhost.localdomain:5 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 422363cb:e7fd4d3a:aaf61344:9bdd00b3
Events : 37
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
3 8 65 0 active sync /dev/sde1
1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1
4 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1
0 8 17 - faulty /dev/sdb1
4.格式化并挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /raid5
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md5
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md5 /raid5/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 11G 6.7G 61% /
...
/dev/md5 40G 33M 40G 1% /raid5
5.停止阵列
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md5
mdadm: stopped /dev/md5
RAID 6 实验
1.创建RAID 6阵列
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md6 -l 6 -n 4 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 -x 2 /dev/sdf1 /dev/sdg1
//在/dev/md6目录下将sdb1、sdc1、sdd1、sde1四块磁盘创建为RAID级别
为6，磁盘数为4的RAID6磁盘阵列并将sdf1、sdg1作为备用磁盘
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid6 devices=4 ctime=Tue Apr 21 17:37:15 2020
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sdb1 but will be lost or
meaningless after creating array
mdadm: /dev/sdc1 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid6 devices=4 ctime=Tue Apr 21 17:37:15 2020
mdadm: /dev/sdd1 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid6 devices=4 ctime=Tue Apr 21 17:37:15 2020
mdadm: /dev/sde1 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid6 devices=4 ctime=Tue Apr 21 17:37:15 2020
mdadm: /dev/sdf1 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid6 devices=4 ctime=Tue Apr 21 17:37:15 2020
mdadm: size set to 10467328K
mdadm: largest drive (/dev/sdb1) exceeds size (10467328K) by more than 1%
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Fail create md6 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md6 started.
2.查看RAID 6阵列信息
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md6 : active raid6 sdg1[5](S) sdf1[4](S) sde1[3] sdd1[2] sdc1[1] sdb1[0]
20934656 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU]
unused devices: <none>
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md6
/dev/md6:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 17:54:25 2020
Raid Level : raid6
Array Size : 20934656 (19.96 GiB 21.44 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10467328 (9.98 GiB 10.72 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 6
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Apr 21 17:58:16 2020
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 6
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 2
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : localhost.localdomain:6 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 9a5c470e:eb95d0b4:2a213dac:f0fd3315
Events : 17
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1
2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1
3 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde1
4 8 81 - spare /dev/sdf1
5 8 97 - spare /dev/sdg1
3.模拟磁盘损坏（同时损坏两块）
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md6 /dev/sdb1 //sdb1损坏
mdadm: set /dev/sdb1 faulty in /dev/md6
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md6 /dev/sdc1 //sdc1损坏
mdadm: set /dev/sdc1 faulty in /dev/md6
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md6 //查看RAID6阵列状态
/dev/md6:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 17:54:25 2020
Raid Level : raid6
Array Size : 20934656 (19.96 GiB 21.44 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10467328 (9.98 GiB 10.72 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 6
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Apr 21 18:01:46 2020
State : clean, degraded, recovering //正在替换
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 2 //损坏磁盘数2块
Spare Devices : 2 //备用设备数2
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : resync
Rebuild Status : 19% complete
Name : localhost.localdomain:6 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 9a5c470e:eb95d0b4:2a213dac:f0fd3315
Events : 29
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
5 8 97 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdg1
4 8 81 1 spare rebuilding /dev/sdf1
2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1
3 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde1
0 8 17 - faulty /dev/sdb1
1 8 33 - faulty /dev/sdc1
*****************************
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md6
/dev/md6:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 17:54:25 2020
Raid Level : raid6
Array Size : 20934656 (19.96 GiB 21.44 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10467328 (9.98 GiB 10.72 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 6
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Apr 21 18:04:02 2020
State : clean //已自动替换
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 2
Spare Devices : 0 //备用设备为0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : localhost.localdomain:6 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 9a5c470e:eb95d0b4:2a213dac:f0fd3315
Events : 43
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
5 8 97 0 active sync /dev/sdg1
4 8 81 1 active sync /dev/sdf1
2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1
3 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde1
0 8 17 - faulty /dev/sdb1
1 8 33 - faulty /dev/sdc1
4.格式化并挂载
方法同上。
5.停止阵列
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md6
mdadm: stopped /dev/md6
RAID 10 实验
RAID 1+0是用两个RAID 1来创建。
1.创建两个RAID 1阵列
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Wed Apr 22 00:47:05 2020
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sdb1 but will be lost or
meaningless after creating array
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
mdadm: /dev/sdc1 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Wed Apr 22 00:47:05 2020
mdadm: size set to 20953088K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Fail create md1 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
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--metadata=0.90
mdadm: /dev/sdc1 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Wed Apr 22 00:47:05 2020
mdadm: size set to 20953088K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Fail create md1 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
[外链图片转存中...(img-LYX547eF-1715077504065)]
[外链图片转存中...(img-chT8aSc1-1715077504065)]
[外链图片转存中...(img-7zCgILgN-1715077504066)]
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