2024最全最细的Selenium+Pytest自动化测试框架实战_selenium + pytest(1)

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| 表达式    介绍    备注 /    根节点    绝对路径 //    当前节点的所有子节点    相对路径 *    所有节点元素的     @    属性名的前缀    @class   @id *[1]    [] 下标运算符     []    [ ]谓词表达式    //input[@id=‘kw’] Following-sibling    当前节点之后的同级     preceding-sibling    当前节点之前的同级     parent    当前节点的父级节点 | |
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定位工具

chropath
优点：这是一个Chrome浏览器的测试定位插件，类似于firepath，本人试用了一下整体感觉非常好。对小白的友好度很好。
缺点：安装这个插件需要FQ。
Katalon录制工具
录制出来的脚本里面也会有定位元素的信息
自己写——本人推荐这种
优点：本人推荐的方式，因为当熟练到一定程度的时候，写出来的会更直观简洁，并且在运行自动化测试中出现问题时，能快速定位。
缺点：需要一定xpath和CSS selector语法积累，不太容易上手。
管理页面元素#
本教程选择的测试地址是百度首页，所以对应的元素也是百度首页的。

项目框架设计中有一个目录page_element就是专门来存放定位元素的文件的。

通过对各种配置文件的对比，我在这里选择的是YAML文件格式。其易读，交互性好。

我们在page_element中新建一个search.yaml文件。

<span style="color:#596172"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><code class="language-yaml"><span style="color:#98c379">搜索框:</span> <span style="color:#98c379">"id==kw"</span>
<span style="color:#98c379">候选:</span> <span style="color:#98c379">"css==.bdsug-overflow"</span>
<span style="color:#98c379">搜索候选:</span> <span style="color:#98c379">"css==#form div li"</span>
<span style="color:#98c379">搜索按钮:</span> <span style="color:#98c379">"id==su"</span>
</code></span></span>

元素定位文件创建好了，下来我们需要读取这个文件。

在common目录中创建readelement.py文件。

<span style="color:#596172"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"><em>#!/usr/bin/env python3</em></span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"><em># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-</em></span>
<span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> os
<span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> yaml
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> config.conf <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> cm
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">class</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">Element</span>(<span style="color:#61aeee">object</span>):
    <span style="color:#98c379">"""获取元素"""</span>
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">__init__</span>(self, name):
        self.file_name = <span style="color:#98c379">'%s.yaml'</span> % name
        self.element_path = os.path.join(cm.ELEMENT_PATH, self.file_name)
        <span style="color:#7171bf">if</span> <span style="color:#7171bf">not</span> os.path.exists(self.element_path):
            <span style="color:#7171bf">raise</span> FileNotFoundError(<span style="color:#98c379">"%s 文件不存在！"</span> % self.element_path)
        <span style="color:#7171bf">with</span> <span style="color:#7171bf">open</span>(self.element_path, encoding=<span style="color:#98c379">'utf-8'</span>) <span style="color:#7171bf">as</span> f:
            self.data = yaml.safe_load(f)
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">__getitem__</span>(self, item):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""获取属性"""</span>
        data = self.data.get(item)
        <span style="color:#7171bf">if</span> data:
            name, value = data.split(<span style="color:#98c379">'=='</span>)
            <span style="color:#7171bf">return</span> name, value
        <span style="color:#7171bf">raise</span> ArithmeticError(<span style="color:#98c379">"{}中不存在关键字：{}"</span>.<span style="color:#7171bf">format</span>(self.file_name, item))
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">if</span> __name__ == <span style="color:#98c379">'__main__'</span>:
    search = Element(<span style="color:#98c379">'search'</span>)
    <span style="color:#7171bf">print</span>(search[<span style="color:#98c379">'搜索框'</span>])
</code></span></span>

通过特殊方法__getitem__实现调用任意属性，读取yaml中的值。

这样我们就实现了定位元素的存储和调用。

但是还有一个问题，我们怎么样才能确保我们写的每一项元素不出错，人为的错误是不可避免的，但是我们可以通过代码来运行对文件的审查。当前也不能所有问题都能发现。

所以我们编写一个文件，在script脚本文件目录中创建inspect.py文件，对所有的元素yaml文件进行审查。

<span style="color:#596172"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"><em>#!/usr/bin/env python3</em></span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"><em># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-</em></span>
<span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> os
<span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> yaml
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> config.conf <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> cm
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> utils.times <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> running_time
 
 
<span style="color:#61aeee">@running_time</span>
<span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">inspect_element</span>():
    <span style="color:#98c379">"""检查所有的元素是否正确
    只能做一个简单的检查
    """</span>
    <span style="color:#7171bf">for</span> files <span style="color:#7171bf">in</span> os.listdir(cm.ELEMENT_PATH):
        _path = os.path.join(cm.ELEMENT_PATH, files)
        <span style="color:#7171bf">with</span> <span style="color:#7171bf">open</span>(_path, encoding=<span style="color:#98c379">'utf-8'</span>) <span style="color:#7171bf">as</span> f:
            data = yaml.safe_load(f)
        <span style="color:#7171bf">for</span> k <span style="color:#7171bf">in</span> data.values():
            <span style="color:#7171bf">try</span>:
                pattern, value = k.split(<span style="color:#98c379">'=='</span>)
            <span style="color:#7171bf">except</span> ValueError:
                <span style="color:#7171bf">raise</span> Exception(<span style="color:#98c379">"元素表达式中没有`==`"</span>)
            <span style="color:#7171bf">if</span> pattern <span style="color:#7171bf">not</span> <span style="color:#7171bf">in</span> cm.LOCATE_MODE:
                <span style="color:#7171bf">raise</span> Exception(<span style="color:#98c379">'%s中元素【%s】没有指定类型'</span> % (_path, k))
            <span style="color:#7171bf">elif</span> pattern == <span style="color:#98c379">'xpath'</span>:
                <span style="color:#7171bf">assert</span> <span style="color:#98c379">'//'</span> <span style="color:#7171bf">in</span> value,\
                    <span style="color:#98c379">'%s中元素【%s】xpath类型与值不配'</span> % (_path, k)
            <span style="color:#7171bf">elif</span> pattern == <span style="color:#98c379">'css'</span>:
                <span style="color:#7171bf">assert</span> <span style="color:#98c379">'//'</span> <span style="color:#7171bf">not</span> <span style="color:#7171bf">in</span> value, \
                    <span style="color:#98c379">'%s中元素【%s]css类型与值不配'</span> % (_path, k)
            <span style="color:#7171bf">else</span>:
                <span style="color:#7171bf">assert</span> value, <span style="color:#98c379">'%s中元素【%s】类型与值不匹配'</span> % (_path, k)
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">if</span> __name__ == <span style="color:#98c379">'__main__'</span>:
    inspect_element()
</code></span></span>

执行该文件：

校验元素done！用时0.002秒！

可以看到，很短的时间内，我们就对所填写的YAML文件进行了审查。

现在我们基本所需要的组件已经大致完成了。

接下来我们将进行最重要的一环，封装selenium。

封装Selenium基类#
在工厂模式种我们是这样写的：

<span style="color:#596172"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"><em>#!/usr/bin/env python3</em></span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"><em># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-</em></span>
<span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> time
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> selenium <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> webdriver
 
 
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(<span style="color:#98c379">'https://www.baidu.com'</span>)
driver.find_element_by_xpath(<span style="color:#98c379">"//input[@id='kw']"</span>).send_keys(<span style="color:#98c379">'selenium'</span>)
driver.find_element_by_xpath(<span style="color:#98c379">"//input[@id='su']"</span>).click()
time.sleep(<span style="color:#d19a66">5</span>)
driver.quit()
</code></span></span>

很直白，简单，又明了。

创建driver对象，打开百度网页，搜索selenium，点击搜索，然后停留5秒，查看结果，最后关闭浏览器。

那我们为什么要封装selenium的方法呢。首先我们上述这种较为原始的方法，基本不适用于平时做UI自动化测试的，因为在UI界面实际运行情况远远比较复杂，可能因为网络原因，或者控件原因，我们元素还没有显示出来，就进行点击或者输入。所以我们需要封装selenium方法，通过内置的显式等待或一定的条件语句，才能构建一个稳定的方法。而且把selenium方法封装起来，有利于平时的代码维护。

我们在page目录创建webpage.py文件。

<span style="color:#596172"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"><em>#!/usr/bin/env python3</em></span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"><em># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-</em></span>
<span style="color:#98c379">"""
selenium基类
本文件存放了selenium基类的封装方法
"""</span>
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> selenium.webdriver.support <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> expected_conditions <span style="color:#7171bf">as</span> EC
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> selenium.webdriver.support.ui <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> WebDriverWait
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> selenium.common.exceptions <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> TimeoutException
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> config.conf <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> cm
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> utils.times <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> sleep
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> utils.logger <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> log
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">class</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">WebPage</span>(<span style="color:#61aeee">object</span>):
    <span style="color:#98c379">"""selenium基类"""</span>
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">__init__</span>(self, driver):
        <span style="color:#5c6370"><em># self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()</em></span>
        self.driver = driver
        self.timeout = <span style="color:#d19a66">20</span>
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, self.timeout)
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">get_url</span>(self, url):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""打开网址并验证"""</span>
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.driver.set_page_load_timeout(<span style="color:#d19a66">60</span>)
        <span style="color:#7171bf">try</span>:
            self.driver.get(url)
            self.driver.implicitly_wait(<span style="color:#d19a66">10</span>)
            log.info(<span style="color:#98c379">"打开网页：%s"</span> % url)
        <span style="color:#7171bf">except</span> TimeoutException:
            <span style="color:#7171bf">raise</span> TimeoutException(<span style="color:#98c379">"打开%s超时请检查网络或网址服务器"</span> % url)
 
<span style="color:#61aeee">    @staticmethod</span>
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">element_locator</span>(func, locator):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""元素定位器"""</span>
        name, value = locator
        <span style="color:#7171bf">return</span> func(cm.LOCATE_MODE[name], value)
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">find_element</span>(self, locator):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""寻找单个元素"""</span>
        <span style="color:#7171bf">return</span> WebPage.element_locator(<span style="color:#7171bf">lambda</span> *args: self.wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(args)), locator)
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">find_elements</span>(self, locator):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""查找多个相同的元素"""</span>
        <span style="color:#7171bf">return</span> WebPage.element_locator(<span style="color:#7171bf">lambda</span> *args: self.wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_all_elements_located(args)), locator)
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">elements_num</span>(self, locator):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""获取相同元素的个数"""</span>
        number = <span style="color:#7171bf">len</span>(self.find_elements(locator))
        log.info(<span style="color:#98c379">"相同元素：{}"</span>.<span style="color:#7171bf">format</span>((locator, number)))
        <span style="color:#7171bf">return</span> number
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">input_text</span>(self, locator, txt):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""输入(输入前先清空)"""</span>
        sleep(<span style="color:#d19a66">0.5</span>)
        ele = self.find_element(locator)
        ele.clear()
        ele.send_keys(txt)
        log.info(<span style="color:#98c379">"输入文本：{}"</span>.<span style="color:#7171bf">format</span>(txt))
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">is_click</span>(self, locator):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""点击"""</span>
        self.find_element(locator).click()
        sleep()
        log.info(<span style="color:#98c379">"点击元素：{}"</span>.<span style="color:#7171bf">format</span>(locator))
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">element_text</span>(self, locator):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""获取当前的text"""</span>
        _text = self.find_element(locator).text
        log.info(<span style="color:#98c379">"获取文本：{}"</span>.<span style="color:#7171bf">format</span>(_text))
        <span style="color:#7171bf">return</span> _text
 
<span style="color:#61aeee">    @property</span>
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">get_source</span>(self):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""获取页面源代码"""</span>
        <span style="color:#7171bf">return</span> self.driver.page_source
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">refresh</span>(self):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""刷新页面F5"""</span>
        self.driver.refresh()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(<span style="color:#d19a66">30</span>)
</code></span></span>

在文件中我们对主要用了显式等待对selenium的click，send_keys等方法，做了二次封装。提高了运行的成功率。

好了我们完成了POM模型的一半左右的内容。接下来我们们进入页面对象。

创建页面对象#
在page_object目录下创建一个searchpage.py文件。

<span style="color:#596172"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"><em>#!/usr/bin/env python3</em></span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"><em># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-</em></span>
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> page.webpage <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> WebPage, sleep
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> common.readelement <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> Element
 
search = Element(<span style="color:#98c379">'search'</span>)
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">class</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">SearchPage</span>(<span style="color:#61aeee">WebPage</span>):
    <span style="color:#98c379">"""搜索类"""</span>
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">input_search</span>(self, content):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""输入搜索"""</span>
        self.input_text(search[<span style="color:#98c379">'搜索框'</span>], txt=content)
        sleep()
 
<span style="color:#61aeee">    @property</span>
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">imagine</span>(self):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""搜索联想"""</span>
        <span style="color:#7171bf">return</span> [x.text <span style="color:#7171bf">for</span> x <span style="color:#7171bf">in</span> self.find_elements(search[<span style="color:#98c379">'候选'</span>])]
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">click_search</span>(self):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""点击搜索"""</span>
        self.is_click(search[<span style="color:#98c379">'搜索按钮'</span>])
</code></span></span>

在该文件中我们对，输入搜索关键词，点击搜索，搜索联想，进行了封装。

并配置了注释。

在平时中我们应该养成写注释的习惯，因为过一段时间后，没有注释，代码读起来很费劲。

好了我们的页面对象此时业已完成了。下面我们开始编写测试用例。在开始测试用了之前我们先熟悉一下pytest测试框架。

简单了解Pytest#

打开pytest框架的官网。pytest: helps you write better programs — pytest documentation

<span style="color:#596172"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"><em># content of test_sample.py</em></span>
<span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">inc</span>(x):
    <span style="color:#7171bf">return</span> x + <span style="color:#d19a66">1</span>
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">test_answer</span>():
    <span style="color:#7171bf">assert</span> inc(<span style="color:#d19a66">3</span>) == <span style="color:#d19a66">5</span>
</code></span></span>

官方教程我认为写的并不适合入门阅读，而且没有汉化版。

推荐看一下上海悠悠的pytest教程。

pytest.ini#

pytest项目中的配置文件，可以对pytest执行过程中操作做全局控制。

在项目根目录新建pytest.ini文件。

<span style="color:#596172"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><code class="language-ini"><span style="color:#e06c75">[pytest]</span>
<span style="color:#d19a66">addopts</span> = --html=report.html --self-contained-html
</code></span></span>

addopts 指定执行时的其他参数说明：
–html=report/report.html --self-contained-html 生成pytest-html带样式的报告
-s 输出我们用例中的调式信息
-q 安静的进行测试
-v 可以输出用例更加详细的执行信息，比如用例所在的文件及用例名称等
编写测试用例#
我们将使用pytest编写测试用例。

在TestCase目录中创建test_search.py文件。

<span style="color:#596172"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"><em>#!/usr/bin/env python3</em></span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"><em># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-</em></span>
<span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> re
<span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> pytest
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> utils.logger <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> log
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> common.readconfig <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> ini
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> page_object.searchpage <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> SearchPage
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">class</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">TestSearch</span>:
<span style="color:#61aeee">    @pytest.fixture(scope=<span style="color:#3388aa">'function'</span>, autouse=<span style="color:#56b6c2">True</span>)</span>
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">open_baidu</span>(self, drivers):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""打开百度"""</span>
        search = SearchPage(drivers)
        search.get_url(ini.url)
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">test_001</span>(self, drivers):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""搜索"""</span>
        search = SearchPage(drivers)
        search.input_search(<span style="color:#98c379">"selenium"</span>)
        search.click_search()
        result = re.search(<span style="color:#98c379">r'selenium'</span>, search.get_source)
        log.info(result)
        <span style="color:#7171bf">assert</span> result
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">test_002</span>(self, drivers):
        <span style="color:#98c379">"""测试搜索候选"""</span>
        search = SearchPage(drivers)
        search.input_search(<span style="color:#98c379">"selenium"</span>)
        log.info(<span style="color:#7171bf">list</span>(search.imagine))
        <span style="color:#7171bf">assert</span> <span style="color:#7171bf">all</span>([<span style="color:#98c379">"selenium"</span> <span style="color:#7171bf">in</span> i <span style="color:#7171bf">for</span> i <span style="color:#7171bf">in</span> search.imagine])
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">if</span> __name__ == <span style="color:#98c379">'__main__'</span>:
    pytest.main([<span style="color:#98c379">'TestCase/test_search.py'</span>])
 
</code></span></span>

我们测试用了就编写好了。

pytest.fixture 这个实现了和unittest的setup，teardown一样的前置启动，后置清理的装饰器。

第一个测试用例：

我们实现了在百度selenium关键字，并点击搜索按钮，并在搜索结果中，用正则查找结果页源代码，返回数量大于10我们就认为通过。
第二个测试用例：

我们实现了，搜索selenium，然后断言搜索候选中的所有结果有没有selenium关键字。
最后我们的在下面写一个执行启动的语句。

这时候我们应该进入执行了，但是还有一个问题，我们还没有把driver传递。

conftest.py#
我们在项目根目录下新建一个conftest.py文件。

<span style="color:#596172"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"><em>#!/usr/bin/env python3</em></span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"><em># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-</em></span>
<span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> pytest
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> py.xml <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> html
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> selenium <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> webdriver
 
 
driver = <span style="color:#56b6c2">None</span>
 
 
<span style="color:#61aeee">@pytest.fixture(scope=<span style="color:#3388aa">'session'</span>, autouse=<span style="color:#56b6c2">True</span>)</span>
<span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">drivers</span>(request):
    <span style="color:#7171bf">global</span> driver
    <span style="color:#7171bf">if</span> driver <span style="color:#7171bf">is</span> <span style="color:#56b6c2">None</span>:
        driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        driver.maximize_window()
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">fn</span>():
        driver.quit()
 
    request.addfinalizer(fn)
    <span style="color:#7171bf">return</span> driver
 
 
<span style="color:#61aeee">@pytest.hookimpl(hookwrapper=<span style="color:#56b6c2">True</span>)</span>
<span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">pytest_runtest_makereport</span>(item):
    <span style="color:#98c379">"""
    当测试失败的时候，自动截图，展示到html报告中
    :param item:
    """</span>
    pytest_html = item.config.pluginmanager.getplugin(<span style="color:#98c379">'html'</span>)
    outcome = <span style="color:#7171bf">yield</span>
    report = outcome.get_result()
    report.description = <span style="color:#7171bf">str</span>(item.function.__doc__)
    extra = <span style="color:#7171bf">getattr</span>(report, <span style="color:#98c379">'extra'</span>, [])
 
    <span style="color:#7171bf">if</span> report.when == <span style="color:#98c379">'call'</span> <span style="color:#7171bf">or</span> report.when == <span style="color:#98c379">"setup"</span>:
        xfail = <span style="color:#7171bf">hasattr</span>(report, <span style="color:#98c379">'wasxfail'</span>)
        <span style="color:#7171bf">if</span> (report.skipped <span style="color:#7171bf">and</span> xfail) <span style="color:#7171bf">or</span> (report.failed <span style="color:#7171bf">and</span> <span style="color:#7171bf">not</span> xfail):
            file_name = report.nodeid.replace(<span style="color:#98c379">"::"</span>, <span style="color:#98c379">"_"</span>) + <span style="color:#98c379">".png"</span>
            screen_img = _capture_screenshot()
            <span style="color:#7171bf">if</span> file_name:
                html = <span style="color:#98c379">'<div><img src="data:image/png;base64,%s" alt="screenshot" style="width:1024px;height:768px;" '</span> \
                       <span style="color:#98c379">'onclick="window.open(this.src)" align="right"/></div>'</span> % screen_img
                extra.append(pytest_html.extras.html(html))
        report.extra = extra
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">pytest_html_results_table_header</span>(cells):
    cells.insert(<span style="color:#d19a66">1</span>, html.th(<span style="color:#98c379">'用例名称'</span>))
    cells.insert(<span style="color:#d19a66">2</span>, html.th(<span style="color:#98c379">'Test_nodeid'</span>))
    cells.pop(<span style="color:#d19a66">2</span>)
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">pytest_html_results_table_row</span>(report, cells):
    cells.insert(<span style="color:#d19a66">1</span>, html.td(report.description))
    cells.insert(<span style="color:#d19a66">2</span>, html.td(report.nodeid))
    cells.pop(<span style="color:#d19a66">2</span>)
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">pytest_html_results_table_html</span>(report, data):
    <span style="color:#7171bf">if</span> report.passed:
        <span style="color:#7171bf">del</span> data[:]
        data.append(html.div(<span style="color:#98c379">'通过的用例未捕获日志输出.'</span>, class_=<span style="color:#98c379">'empty log'</span>))
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">_capture_screenshot</span>():
    <span style="color:#98c379">'''
    截图保存为base64
    :return:
    '''</span>
    <span style="color:#7171bf">return</span> driver.get_screenshot_as_base64()
 
</code></span></span>

conftest.py测试框架pytest的胶水文件，里面用到了fixture的方法，封装并传递出了driver。

执行用例#
以上我们已经编写完成了整个框架和测试用例。

我们进入到当前项目的主目录执行命令：

pytest

命令行输出：

<span style="color:#596172"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><code class="language-powershell">Test session starts (platform: win32, Python <span style="color:#d19a66">3.7</span>.<span style="color:#d19a66">7</span>, pytest <span style="color:#d19a66">5.3</span>.<span style="color:#d19a66">2</span>, py<span style="color:#7171bf">test-sugar</span> <span style="color:#d19a66">0.9</span>.<span style="color:#d19a66">2</span>)
cachedir: .pytest_cache
metadata: {<span style="color:#98c379">'Python'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'3.7.7'</span>, <span style="color:#98c379">'Platform'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0'</span>, <span style="color:#98c379">'Packages'</span>: {<span style="color:#98c379">'pytest'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'5.3.2'</span>, <span style="color:#98c379">'py'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'1.8.0'</span>, <span style="color:#98c379">'pluggy'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'0.13.1'</span>}, <span style="color:#98c379">'Plugins'</span>: {<span style="color:#98c379">'forked'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'1.1.3'</span>, <span style="color:#98c379">'html'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'2.0.1'</span>, <span style="color:#98c379">'metadata'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'1.8.0'</span>, <span style="color:#98c379">'ordering'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'0.6'</span>, <span style="color:#98c379">'rerunfailures'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'8.0'</span>, <span style="color:#98c379">'sugar'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'0.9.2'</span>, <span style="color:#98c379">'xdist'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'1.31.0'</span>}, <span style="color:#98c379">'JAVA_HOME'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'D:\\Program Files\\Java\\jdk1.8.0_131'</span>}
rootdir: C:\Users\hoou\PycharmProjects\web<span style="color:#56b6c2">-demotest</span>, inifile: pytest.ini
plugins: forked<span style="color:#56b6c2">-1</span>.<span style="color:#d19a66">1.3</span>, html<span style="color:#56b6c2">-2</span>.<span style="color:#d19a66">0.1</span>, metadata<span style="color:#56b6c2">-1</span>.<span style="color:#d19a66">8.0</span>, ordering<span style="color:#56b6c2">-0</span>.<span style="color:#d19a66">6</span>, rerunfailures<span style="color:#56b6c2">-8</span>.<span style="color:#d19a66">0</span>, sugar<span style="color:#56b6c2">-0</span>.<span style="color:#d19a66">9.2</span>, xdist<span style="color:#56b6c2">-1</span>.<span style="color:#d19a66">31.0</span>
collecting ... 
DevTools listening on ws://<span style="color:#d19a66">127.0</span>.<span style="color:#d19a66">0.1</span>:<span style="color:#d19a66">10351</span>/devtools/browser/<span style="color:#d19a66">78</span>bef34d<span style="color:#56b6c2">-b94c-4087-b724-34fb6b2ef6d1</span>
 
 TestCase\test_search.py::TestSearch.test_001 ✓                                                                                              <span style="color:#d19a66">50</span>% █████     
 
 TestCase\test_search.py::TestSearch.test_002 ✓                                                                                             <span style="color:#d19a66">100</span>% ██████████
<span style="color:#56b6c2">-------------------------------</span> generated html file: file://C:\Users\hoou\PycharmProjects\web<span style="color:#56b6c2">-demotest</span>\report\report.html <span style="color:#56b6c2">--------------------------------</span> 
 
Results (<span style="color:#d19a66">12.90</span>s):
       <span style="color:#d19a66">2</span> passed
</code></span></span>

可以看到两条用例已经执行成功了。

项目的report目录中生成了一个report.html文件。

这就是生成的测试报告文件。

发送邮件#
当项目执行完成之后，需要发送到自己或者其他人邮箱里查看结果。

我们编写发送邮件的模块。

在utils目录中新建send_mail.py文件

<span style="color:#596172"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"><em>#!/usr/bin/env python3</em></span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"><em># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-</em></span>
<span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> zmail
<span style="color:#7171bf">from</span> config.conf <span style="color:#7171bf">import</span> cm
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">send_report</span>():
    <span style="color:#98c379">"""发送报告"""</span>
    <span style="color:#7171bf">with</span> <span style="color:#7171bf">open</span>(cm.REPORT_FILE, encoding=<span style="color:#98c379">'utf-8'</span>) <span style="color:#7171bf">as</span> f:
        content_html = f.read()
    <span style="color:#7171bf">try</span>:
        mail = {
            <span style="color:#98c379">'from'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'1084502012@qq.com'</span>,
            <span style="color:#98c379">'subject'</span>: <span style="color:#98c379">'最新的测试报告邮件'</span>,
            <span style="color:#98c379">'content_html'</span>: content_html,
            <span style="color:#98c379">'attachments'</span>: [cm.REPORT_FILE, ]
        }
        server = zmail.server(*cm.EMAIL_INFO.values())
        server.send_mail(cm.ADDRESSEE, mail)
        <span style="color:#7171bf">print</span>(<span style="color:#98c379">"测试邮件发送成功！"</span>)
    <span style="color:#7171bf">except</span> Exception <span style="color:#7171bf">as</span> e:
        <span style="color:#7171bf">print</span>(<span style="color:#98c379">"Error: 无法发送邮件，{}！"</span>, <span style="color:#7171bf">format</span>(e))
 
 
<span style="color:#7171bf">if</span> __name__ == <span style="color:#98c379">"__main__"</span>:
    <span style="color:#98c379">'''请先在config/conf.py文件设置QQ邮箱的账号和密码'''</span>
    send_report()
</code></span></span>

执行该文件：

测试邮件发送成功！

可以看到测试报告邮件已经发送成功了。打开邮箱。

既有适合小白学习的零基础资料，也有适合3年以上经验的小伙伴深入学习提升的进阶课程，涵盖了95%以上软件测试知识点，真正体系化！

由于文件比较多，这里只是将部分目录截图出来，全套包含大厂面经、学习笔记、源码讲义、实战项目、大纲路线、讲解视频，并且后续会持续更新

需要这份系统化的资料的朋友，可以戳这里获取

=“background-color:#ffffff”>测试邮件发送成功！

可以看到测试报告邮件已经发送成功了。打开邮箱。

[外链图片转存中…(img-dZbNnGmZ-1715243648682)]
[外链图片转存中…(img-lUUtkbBo-1715243648682)]
[外链图片转存中…(img-FaO9tIMr-1715243648683)]

既有适合小白学习的零基础资料，也有适合3年以上经验的小伙伴深入学习提升的进阶课程，涵盖了95%以上软件测试知识点，真正体系化！

由于文件比较多，这里只是将部分目录截图出来，全套包含大厂面经、学习笔记、源码讲义、实战项目、大纲路线、讲解视频，并且后续会持续更新

需要这份系统化的资料的朋友，可以戳这里获取