学习目录
一、代码测试
执行Thread的run()、start()方法的测试代码如下:
public class MyThread {
public static void print() {
System.out.println("print...");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread1 = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("执行print()方法的线程是:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
print();
}
};
System.out.println("一、调用run()方法的线程是:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
thread1.run();
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("二、调用start()方法的线程是:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
thread1.start();
}
}
测试结果:
一、调用run()方法的线程是:main
执行print()方法的线程是:main
print...
main
二、调用start()方法的线程是:main
执行print()方法的线程是:Thread-0
print...
Thread-0
简单总结:
- run()方法调用和执行重写的代码块都是由main主线程来完成的;
- start()方法调用是有main()主线程来调用,但是重写的代码块是由
非main
主线程来执行的。
二、源码分析
2.1 run()方法
通过线程调用run()方法,这个其实很简单,比如前面测试代码执行run方法:
thread1.run();
Ctrl + 鼠标左键,进入到java.lang.Thread
的run()
方法的源码:
@Override
public void run() {
if (target != null) {
target.run();
}
}
再Ctrl + Alt + 鼠标左键,定位前面测试类MyThread中重写的run()方法
可以发现,直接就调用到重写的run()方法了,并且,你可以重复调用多次,而且每一次都是由main主线程调用run()方法,然后非main主线程,执行run()方法代码块
虽然run()方法也可以直接执行到重写的代码块,不过实际当中,按规范来说,不会直接调用run()执行,而是通过start()方法来开启线程,start()方法底层会判断线程的状态,开启线程,最终调用run()方法并结束线程状态,往后了解。
2.2 start()方法
Oracle JDK源码stat()
方法:
public class Thread implements Runnable {
...
private ThreadGroup group;
private volatile int threadStatus = 0;
...
public synchronized void start() {
//如果线程状态不是0-新建,则抛异常
if (threadStatus != 0)
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
//将当前线程添加到线程组
group.add(this);
//线程是否开启,默认false-未开启
boolean started = false;
try {
//调用native本地方法(最终调用run()方法的核心入口)
start0();
//执行完start0,说明线程已正常启动
started = true;
} finally {
try {
if (!started) {
//线程启动失败,则从线程组中将该线程删除
group.threadStartFailed(this);
}
} catch (Throwable ignore) {
...
}
}
}
难点和重点是调用的start0()
方法,这是一个native(本地方法/底层方法),源码:
//native本地方法,底层开启异步线程,由JVM创建并启动线程,并最终调用run()方法
private native void start0();
由于Oracle JDK对于native本地方法的源码隐藏了具体实现,可以去Open JDK官方或Github下载源码
以下载open jdk8最新的源码版本jdk8u60为例,需要下载jdk
和hotspot
两种源码来研究
- 下载
jdk8u60
源码
http://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk8u/jdk8u60/jdk/file/935758609767
- 下载jdk8u60的
hotspot
源码
http://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk8u/jdk8u60/hotspot/file/37240c1019fd
最后发现Open JDK官网下载实在是太慢了,而且还需要分别下载jdk8u60和jdk8u60_hotspot的源码
不过现在OpenJDK的源码已经放到GitHub,可以直接去GitHub下载,而且jdk源码和hotspot源码直接放一起了,省事,这里以下载jdk8-b60
示例,下载地址:
https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/releases/tag/jdk8-b60
下载完解压,主要关注jdk和hotspot这两个源码目录:
使用相关工具,比如Scource Insight
查看底层方法native stat0
具体源码实现
(教程)安装Scource Insight
(教程)使用Scource Insight打开OpenJDK源码
接下来通过Scource Insight查看底层方法start0是如何一步步,最终由主线程调用Thread#run()方法的源码分析过程
首先查看
源码文件:\jdk-jdk8-b60\jdk\src\share\native\java\lang\ Thread.c
关键源码:JVM_StartThread
static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
{"start0", "()V", (void \*)&JVM_StartThread},//JVM开启线程的主入口
{"stop0", "(" OBJ ")V", (void \*)&JVM_StopThread},
{"isAlive", "()Z", (void \*)&JVM_IsThreadAlive},
{"suspend0", "()V", (void \*)&JVM_SuspendThread},
{"resume0", "()V", (void \*)&JVM_ResumeThread},
{"setPriority0", "(I)V", (void \*)&JVM_SetThreadPriority},
{"yield", "()V", (void \*)&JVM_Yield},
{"sleep", "(J)V", (void \*)&JVM_Sleep},
{"currentThread", "()" THD, (void \*)&JVM_CurrentThread},
{"countStackFrames", "()I", (void \*)&JVM_CountStackFrames},
{"interrupt0", "()V", (void \*)&JVM_Interrupt},
{"isInterrupted", "(Z)Z", (void \*)&JVM_IsInterrupted},
{"holdsLock", "(" OBJ ")Z", (void \*)&JVM_HoldsLock},
{"getThreads", "()[" THD, (void \*)&JVM_GetAllThreads},
{"dumpThreads", "([" THD ")[[" STE, (void \*)&JVM_DumpThreads},
{"setNativeName", "(" STR ")V", (void \*)&JVM_SetNativeThreadName},
};
源码文件:\jdk-jdk8-b60\hotspot\src\share\vm\prims\ jvm.cpp
关键源码:new JavaThread
JVM\_ENTRY(void, JVM\_StartThread(JNIEnv\* env, jobject jthread))
JVMWrapper("JVM\_StartThread");
JavaThread \*native_thread = NULL;
bool throw_illegal_thread_state = false;
{
MutexLocker mu(Threads_lock);
if (java_lang_Thread::thread(JNIHandles::resolve\_non\_null(jthread)) != NULL) {
throw_illegal_thread_state = true;
} else {
jlong size =
java_lang_Thread::stackSize(JNIHandles::resolve\_non\_null(jthread));
size\_t sz = size > 0 ? (size\_t) size : 0;
native_thread = new JavaThread(&thread_entry, sz);
if (native_thread->osthread() != NULL) {
native_thread->prepare(jthread);
}
}
}
if (throw_illegal_thread_state) {
THROW(vmSymbols::java\_lang\_IllegalThreadStateException());
}
assert(native_thread != NULL, "Starting null thread?");
if (native_thread->osthread() == NULL) {
delete native_thread;
if (JvmtiExport::should\_post\_resource\_exhausted()) {
JvmtiExport::post\_resource\_exhausted(
JVMTI_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_OOM_ERROR | JVMTI_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_THREADS,
"unable to create new native thread");
}
THROW\_MSG(vmSymbols::java\_lang\_OutOfMemoryError(),
"unable to create new native thread");
}
Thread::start(native_thread);
JVM_END
源码文件:\jdk-jdk8-b60\hotspot\src\share\vm\prims\ jvm.cpp
关键源码:set_thread_status*RUNNABLE
**
void Thread::start(Thread\* thread) {
trace("start", thread);
if (!DisableStartThread) {
if (thread->is\_Java\_thread()) {
java_lang_Thread::set\_thread\_status(((JavaThread\*)thread)->threadObj(),
java_lang_Thread::RUNNABLE);//设置线程状态为RUNNABLE-运行状态
}
os::start\_thread(thread);
}
}
源码文件:\jdk-jdk8-b60\hotspot\src\share\vm\runtime\ os.cpp
关键源码:osthread->set_state(RUNNABLE
)
void os::start\_thread(Thread\* thread) {
// guard suspend/resume
MutexLockerEx ml(thread->SR\_lock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
OSThread\* osthread = thread->osthread();