深入理解指针（5）

1. sizeof和strlen的对⽐

在学习操作符的时候，我们学习了 sizeof ， sizeof 计算变量所占内存内存空间⼤⼩的，单位是 字节，如果操作数是类型的话，计算的是使⽤类型创建的变量所占内存空间的⼤⼩。

sizeof 只关注占⽤内存空间的⼤⼩，不在乎内存中存放什么数据。 

strlen 是C语⾔库函数，功能是求字符串⻓度统计的是从 strlen 函数的参数 str 中这个地址开始向后， \0 之前字符串中字符的个数。 strlen 函数会⼀直向后找 \0 字符，直到找到为⽌，所以可能存在越界查找。 

2. 数组和指针笔试题

 下面是一些题目建议练习

 char arr[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f'};
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr+0));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(*arr));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr[1]));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr+1));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr[0]+1));

 char arr[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f'};
 printf("%d\n", strlen(arr));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(arr+0));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(*arr));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(arr[1]));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr+1));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr[0]+1));

 char arr[] = "abcdef";
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr+0));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(*arr));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr[1]));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr+1));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr[0]+1));

char arr[] = "abcdef";
 printf("%d\n", strlen(arr));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(arr+0));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(*arr));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(arr[1]));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr+1));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr[0]+1));

 char *p = "abcdef";
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(p));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(p+1));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(*p));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(p[0]));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p+1));
 printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p[0]+1));

 char *p = "abcdef";
 printf("%d\n", strlen(p));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(p+1));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(*p));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(p[0]));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(&p));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(&p+1));
 printf("%d\n", strlen(&p[0]+1));

 int a[3][4] = {0};
 printf("%d\n",sizeof(a));
 printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[0][0]));
 printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[0]));
 printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[0]+1));
 printf("%d\n",sizeof(*(a[0]+1)));
 printf("%d\n",sizeof(a+1));
 printf("%d\n",sizeof(*(a+1)));
 printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a[0]+1));
 printf("%d\n",sizeof(*(&a[0]+1)));
 printf("%d\n",sizeof(*a));
 printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[3]));

3. 指针运算笔试题

 #include <stdio.h>
 int main()
 {
 int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
 int *ptr = (int *)(&a + 1);
 printf( "%d,%d", *(a + 1), *(ptr - 1));
 return 0;
 }

 //在X86环境下
 
//假设结构体的⼤⼩是20个字节
 
//程序输出的结果是啥？
 
struct Test
 { int Num;
 char *pcName;
 short sDate;
 char cha[2];
 short sBa[4];
 }*p = (struct Test*)0x100000;
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 int main()
 {
 printf("%p\n", p + 0x1);
 printf("%p\n", (unsigned long)p + 0x1);
 printf("%p\n", (unsigned int*)p + 0x1);
 return 0;
 }

 #include <stdio.h>
 int main()
 {
 int a[3][2] = { (0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 5) };
 int *p;
 p = a[0];
 printf( "%d", p[0]);
 return 0;
 }

 //假设环境是x86环境，程序输出的结果是啥？
 
#include <stdio.h>
 int main()
 {
 int a[5][5];
 int(*p)[4];
 p = a;
 printf( "%p,%d\n", &p[4][2] - &a[4][2], &p[4][2] - &a[4][2]);
 return 0;
 }

#include <stdio.h>
 int main()
 {
 int aa[2][5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
 int *ptr1 = (int *)(&aa + 1);
 int *ptr2 = (int *)(*(aa + 1));
 printf( "%d,%d", *(ptr1 - 1), *(ptr2 - 1));
 return 0;
 }

 #include <stdio.h>
 int main()
 {
 char *a[] = {"work","at","alibaba"};
 char**pa = a;
 pa++;
 printf("%s\n", *pa);
 return 0;
 }

#include <stdio.h>
 int main()
 {
 char *c[] = {"ENTER","NEW","POINT","FIRST"};
 char**cp[] = {c+3,c+2,c+1,c};
 char***cpp = cp;
 printf("%s\n", **++cpp);
 printf("%s\n", *--*++cpp+3);
 printf("%s\n", *cpp[-2]+3);
 printf("%s\n", cpp[-1][-1]+1);
 return 0;
 }