5.28打卡

@浙大疏锦行

DAY 37 早停策略和模型权重的保存

对应5. 26作业

知识点回顾：

1.  过拟合的判断：测试集和训练集同步打印指标

2.  模型的保存和加载

a.  仅保存权重

b.  保存权重和模型

c.  保存全部信息checkpoint，还包含训练状态

3.  早停策略

作业：对信贷数据集训练后保存权重，加载权重后继续训练50轮，并采取早停策略

使用设备: cuda:0

原始模型训练进度: 100%|██████████| 10000/10000 [00:06<00:00, 1656.33epoch/s, Loss=0.4717]

原始模型测试集准确率: 76.80%

Training time: 18.91 seconds 测试集准确率: 77.07%

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
import time
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd    #用于数据处理和分析，可处理表格数据。
import numpy as np     #用于数值计算，提供了高效的数组操作。
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt    #用于绘制各种类型的图表
import seaborn as sns   #基于matplotlib的高级绘图库，能绘制更美观的统计图形。
from tqdm import tqdm
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
# 设置中文字体（解决中文显示问题）
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # Windows系统常用黑体字体
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False    # 正常显示负号
# 设置GPU设备
device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(f"使用设备: {device}")
data = pd.read_csv('data.csv')    #读取数据
# 先筛选字符串变量 
discrete_features = data.select_dtypes(include=['object']).columns.tolist()
# Home Ownership 标签编码
home_ownership_mapping = {
    'Own Home': 1,
    'Rent': 2,
    'Have Mortgage': 3,
    'Home Mortgage': 4
}
data['Home Ownership'] = data['Home Ownership'].map(home_ownership_mapping)
# Years in current job 标签编码
years_in_job_mapping = {
    '< 1 year': 1,
    '1 year': 2,
    '2 years': 3,
    '3 years': 4,
    '4 years': 5,
    '5 years': 6,
    '6 years': 7,
    '7 years': 8,
    '8 years': 9,
    '9 years': 10,
    '10+ years': 11
}
data['Years in current job'] = data['Years in current job'].map(years_in_job_mapping)
# Purpose 独热编码，记得需要将bool类型转换为数值
data = pd.get_dummies(data, columns=['Purpose'])
data2 = pd.read_csv("data.csv") # 重新读取数据，用来做列名对比
list_final = [] # 新建一个空列表，用于存放独热编码后新增的特征名
for i in data.columns:
    if i not in data2.columns:
        list_final.append(i) # 这里打印出来的就是独热编码后的特征名
for i in list_final:
    data[i] = data[i].astype(int) # 这里的i就是独热编码后的特征名
# Term 0 - 1 映射
term_mapping = {
    'Short Term': 0,
    'Long Term': 1
}
data['Term'] = data['Term'].map(term_mapping)
data.rename(columns={'Term': 'Long Term'}, inplace=True) # 重命名列
continuous_features = data.select_dtypes(include=['int64', 'float64']).columns.tolist()  #把筛选出来的列名转换成列表
# 连续特征用中位数补全
for feature in continuous_features:     
    mode_value = data[feature].mode()[0]            #获取该列的众数。
    data[feature].fillna(mode_value, inplace=True)          #用众数填充该列的缺失值，inplace=True表示直接在原数据上修改。
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X = data.drop(['Credit Default'], axis=1)  # 特征，axis=1表示按列删除
y = data['Credit Default'] # 标签
# 划分训练集和测试集
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)
# 归一化数据
scaler = MinMaxScaler()
X_train = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test = scaler.transform(X_test)
# 将数据转换为PyTorch张量并移至GPU
X_train = torch.FloatTensor(X_train).to(device)
y_train = torch.LongTensor(y_train.values).to(device) 
X_test = torch.FloatTensor(X_test).to(device)
y_test = torch.LongTensor(y_test.values).to(device)
# 原始模型
class MLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MLP, self).__init__()
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(31, 20)  # 输入层到隐藏层
        self.relu = nn.ReLU()
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(20, 2)  # 隐藏层到输出层
    def forward(self, x):
        out = self.fc1(x)
        out = self.relu(out)
        out = self.fc2(out)
        return out
# 实例化原始模型并移至GPU
original_model = MLP().to(device)
# 分类问题使用交叉熵损失函数
original_criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
# 使用随机梯度下降优化器
original_optimizer = optim.SGD(original_model.parameters(), lr=0.01)
# 训练原始模型
num_epochs = 10000
original_losses = []
with tqdm(total=num_epochs, desc="原始模型训练进度", unit="epoch") as pbar:
    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        # 前向传播
        outputs = original_model(X_train)  # 隐式调用forward函数
        loss = original_criterion(outputs, y_train)
        # 反向传播和优化
        original_optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        original_optimizer.step()
        # 记录损失值并更新进度条
        if (epoch + 1) % 200 == 0:
            original_losses.append(loss.item())
            # 更新进度条的描述信息
            pbar.set_postfix({'Loss': f'{loss.item():.4f}'})
        # 每1000个epoch更新一次进度条
        if (epoch + 1) % 1000 == 0:
            pbar.update(1000)  # 更新进度条
    # 确保进度条达到100%
    if pbar.n < num_epochs:
        pbar.update(num_epochs - pbar.n)  # 计算剩余的进度并更新
# 评估原始模型
original_model.eval()
with torch.no_grad():
    outputs = original_model(X_test)
    _, predicted = torch.max(outputs, 1)
    correct = (predicted == y_test).sum().item()
    original_accuracy = correct / y_test.size(0)
    print(f'原始模型测试集准确率: {original_accuracy * 100:.2f}%')
# 保存模型参数
torch.save(original_model.state_dict(), "model_weights.pth")
# 加载参数（需先定义模型结构）
model = MLP().to(device) # 初始化与训练时相同的模型结构
model.load_state_dict(torch.load("model_weights.pth"))
# model.eval()  # 切换至推理模式（可选）

# 分类问题使用交叉熵损失函数
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

# 使用随机梯度下降优化器
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01)
# 训练模型
num_epochs = 20000  # 训练的轮数

# 用于存储每200个epoch的损失值和对应的epoch数
train_losses = []  # 存储训练集损失
test_losses = []   # 存储测试集损失
epochs = []

# ===== 新增早停相关参数 =====
best_test_loss = float('inf')  # 记录最佳测试集损失
best_epoch = 0                 # 记录最佳epoch
patience = 100                # 早停耐心值（连续多少轮测试集损失未改善时停止训练）
counter = 0                    # 早停计数器
early_stopped = False          # 是否早停标志
# ==========================

start_time = time.time()  # 记录开始时间

# 训练模型
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        # 前向传播
        outputs = model(X_train)  # 隐式调用forward函数
        train_loss = criterion(outputs, y_train)

        # 反向传播和优化
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        train_loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        # 记录损失值并更新进度条
        if (epoch + 1) % 5 == 0:
            # 计算测试集损失
            model.eval()
            with torch.no_grad():
                test_outputs = model(X_test)
                test_loss = criterion(test_outputs, y_test)
            model.train()
            
            train_losses.append(train_loss.item())
            test_losses.append(test_loss.item())
            epochs.append(epoch + 1)
            
            # ===== 新增早停逻辑 =====
            if test_loss.item() < best_test_loss: # 如果当前测试集损失小于最佳损失
                best_test_loss = test_loss.item() # 更新最佳损失
                best_epoch = epoch + 1 # 更新最佳epoch
                counter = 0 # 重置计数器
                # 保存最佳模型
                torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'best_model.pth')
            else:
                counter += 1
                if counter >= patience:
                    print(f"早停触发！在第{epoch+1}轮，测试集损失已有{patience}轮未改善。")
                    print(f"最佳测试集损失出现在第{best_epoch}轮，损失值为{best_test_loss:.4f}")
                    early_stopped = True
                    break  # 终止训练循环
            # ======================
time_all = time.time() - start_time  # 计算训练时间
print(f'Training time: {time_all:.2f} seconds')
# ===== 新增：加载最佳模型用于最终评估 =====
if early_stopped:
    print(f"加载第{best_epoch}轮的最佳模型进行最终评估...")
    model.load_state_dict(torch.load('best_model.pth'))
# ================================
# 在测试集上评估模型
model.eval()
with torch.no_grad():
    outputs = model(X_test)
    _, predicted = torch.max(outputs, 1)
    correct = (predicted == y_test).sum().item()
    accuracy = correct / y_test.size(0)
    print(f'测试集准确率: {accuracy * 100:.2f}%')